impact of climate resilient technologies in rainfed agro-ecosystem

168 Pages·2015·10.54 MB·English

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IMPACT OF CLIMATE RESILIENT TECHNOLOGIES IN RAINFED
AGRO-ECOSYSTEM

BY
JASNA V.K.

DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
NEW DELHI

2015
Impact of Climate Resilient Technologies in Rainfed
Agroecosystem

BY
JASNA V.K.

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Post-Graduate School,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
2015

Approved by:

…………………………… …………………………
Dr. R. Roy Burman Dr. R.N. Padaria
(Chairperson) (Co-chairperson)
………………………….. …………………………
Dr. J.P.Sharma Dr. Eldho Varghese
……………………….
Dr. Bidisha Chakrabarti
Dr. R. Roy Burman
Senior Scientist
Division of Agricultural Extension,
IARI, New Delhi-110 012

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This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Impact of Climate Resilient
Technologies in Rainfed Agro-Ecosystem” submitted to the Faculty of the
Post-Graduate School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of Science
(Agriculture) degree in Agricultural Extension, embodies the results of
bona fide research work carried out by Ms. Jasna V.K, Roll No.-20382,
under my guidance and supervision, and that no part of this thesis has been
submitted for any other degree or diploma.
It is further certified that any help or source of information that has been
availed of in this connection has been duly acknowledged by her.

Date: (Dr. R. Roy Burman)
Place: New Delhi Chairman
Advisory Committee
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Farmers….
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A single leaf working alone provides no shade… Dalai Lama XIV once said the roots of all
goodness lie in the soil of appreciation for goodness. Hence it is imperative that I acknowledge all
those who enriched and provided a fertile soil for the relevation of the dissertation. First and foremost,
I must acknowledge and thank the Almighty Allah for blessing, protecting and guiding me throughout
this period. I could never have accomplished this without the faith I have in him.
It is with great respect and devotion that I place on record my deep sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to Dr. R Roy Burman, Senior Scientist, Division of Agricultural Extension, and
Chairperson of my Advisory Committee for his invaluableguidance, constant encouragement, unstinted
inspiration, keen interest and good wishes. Above all and the mostneeded, he provided encouragement
and support during critical situations,which decimated the difficulties I encountered and I am
indebted to him more than he knows.
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance, help, support, critical analysis
and valuable suggestions from Dr. R N Padaria, Principal Scientist and Co-chairperson of my
Advisory Committee, Dr. J P Sharma, Joint Director (Extension), IARIand member of my Advisory
Committee andDr. Premlata Singh, Head and Professor, Division of Agricultural Extension, IARI,
who have been truly invaluable to me.
I would like to give heartfelt thanks to Dr Eldho Varghese, Scientist, IASRI for sharing his
excellent knowledge and scientific understanding with me during analysis. I am deeply indebted to
Dr Bidisha Chakrabarti, Senior Scientist, IARI and Member, Advisory Committee and Dr. Sujit
Sarkar for their unstinted support, critical comments and valuable suggestions during the preparation
of this manuscript.
I am immensely indebted and express my deep sense of gratitude and heartfelt thanks towards
Dr. K. Vijayaragavan, Dr. Rashmi Singh, Dr. M.S. Nain, Dr. B. K. Singh, Dr. Monica Wason,
Dr. J.P. S. Dabas, Dr. V.Sangeetha, Dr. N.V. Kumbhare, Dr. Nishi Sharma, Dr. V.Lenin, Dr. Nafees
Ahmed, Dr. J R. Mishra and Mr. Girijesh Singh Mahra., who have added different dimensions to my
life at different stages. I also thank all the technical officers and staff of our division for their
support.
It is a great occasion for me to express my deep sentiments, legitimate regards and gratitude
towards Rejula chechi, Reshma chechi, Renu chechi, Anshiechi and Subhashree didi who have been
truly invaluable to me both at academic and personal level, for which I am extremely grateful. They
have been great company and sources of inspiration and advice whenever I found myself in doubt. I
thank them a lot for being with me all the time. I take the opportunity to express my heart full thanks
to Deepika didi, Arvinda didi, Sukanya didi, Jagriti didi, Hema didi, Bushe ma’m, Rajesh Sir, Ravi
Sir, Sushil Sir, Shafi Sir, Shantanu Sir, Madan Sir, Litan Sir, Rahul Sir, Shakthi Sir, Pankaj Sir,
Romen Sir, Ashish Sir for their love and affection during this tenure. My special thanks go to my dear
friends Sukanya, Abhinay, Uday and Ashish for their unwavering support during hard times. I
always cherish the time spent with all of them during these two years. It gives me a great pleasure in
thanking my dear juniors Krishna, Chana Veeresh, Rabeesh, Sunil and Alok.
Words failed me to express appreciation to my dear seniors and friends Lisa chechi, Nisha
chechi, Flemine chechi, Shobhana chechi, Saritha chechi, Soumya chechi, Rohini chechi, Arathi chechi,
Anujechi, Manju chechi, Shameenechi, Vinu chechi, Sini chechi, Renjini chechi, Neethu chechi,
Sheethal chechi, Suvana chechi, Jilu chechi, Remya chechi, Daliya chechi, Niranjana chechi,
Soumya chechi, Beena, Smruthi, Shisa, Laneesha, Lakshmi, and Shreeshma for cheering me up during
hard times and giving a homely feeling at Delhi. I also extend many thanks to all my friends of IARI
and PUMA for their continuous help and constant support.
Most importantly, none of this would have been possible without the love and patience of my
Umma, Uppa, Yusuf, Thatha, Kaku and Nishiya. My vocabulary utterly fails in expressing my love to
my relatives and friends for their support during all the years of study. I would like to express my deep
and sincere gratitude to farmers of Gumla and Tumkur, and KVK officials without whom the thesis
would not have been a physical reality. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Rakesh for providing required
facilities during my data collection.
I am grateful to ICAR for giving me this opportunity, providing technical support, funding
and fellowship during the course of study and research work.

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CONTENTS

SL.
TITLE PAGE NO
NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 1-8
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9-16
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17-37
4. RESULTS 38-79
5. DISCUSSION 80-86
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 87-93
7. ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) 94-95
8. ABSTRACT (HINDI) 96-97
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY i-vii
10. APPENDICES viii-xxxv
LIST OF TABLES
S. No. Table Title Page No.
no.
1 3.2.1.1 Demographic profile of Gumla district 19
2 3.2.1.2 Demographic profile of Tumkur district 21
3 4.1.1 Level of awareness of NICRA farmers on climate 39-40
change and climate resilient technologies
4 4.1.2 Level of awareness of non- NICRA farmers on 41
climate change and climate resilient technologies
5 4.1.3 Comparison of level of awareness of NICRA and 42
non-NICRA farmers on climate resilient
technologies
6 4.1.4 Mann-Whitney U test for awareness level of two 42
farmers’ groups and its level of significance
7 4.2.1 Comparison of soil management practices for 43
adoption using Friedman test
8 4.2.2 Friedman test for adoption of soil management 43
practices and its level of significance
9 4.2.3 Comparison of water management practices for 44
adoption using Friedman test
10 4.2.4 Friedman test for adoption of water management 44
practices and its level of significance
11 4.2.5 Comparison of crop interventions for adoption using 45
Friedman test
12 4.2.6 Friedman test for adoption of crop interventions and 45
its level of significance
13 4.2.7 Comparison of cropping system interventions for 45
adoption using Friedman test
14 4.2.8 Friedman test for adoption of cropping system 46
interventions and its level of significance
15 4.2.9 Comparison of tree based farming system for 46
adoption using Friedman test
16 4.2.10 Friedman test for adoption of tree based farming 46
system and its level of significance
17 4.2.11 Comparison of livestock interventions for adoption 47
using Friedman test
18 4.2.12 Friedman test for adoption of livestock interventions 47
and its level of significance
19 4.2.13 Comparison of community based interventions for 47
adoption using Friedman test
20 4.2.14 Friedman test for adoption of community based 48
interventions and its level of significance
21 4.3.1 Step 1- Test of equality of group means 49
22 4.3.2 Step-2 Wilks’ lambda test 49
23 4.3.3 Step-3 Wilks’ lambda test of function 49
24 4.3.4 Step-4 Structure matrices 50
25 4.4.1.1 Comparison of NICRA and non-NICRA farmers to 53-54
isolate the impact of climate resilient technologies
26 4.4.2.1 Before-after comparison of irrigated area of 54
beneficiaries
27 4.4.2.2 Before-after comparison of irrigation frequency of 55
beneficiaries
28 4.4.2.3 Before-after comparison of average employment of 55
beneficiaries
29 4.4.2.4 Before-after comparison of savings of beneficiaries 55
of beneficiaries
30 4.4.2.5 Before-after comparison of yield of crops of 56
beneficiaries
31 4.4.2.6 Before-after comparison of leased in land area of 56
beneficiaries
32 4.4.2.7 Before-after comparison of expenditure pattern of 56
beneficiaries
33 4.4.3.1 Comparison of two farmers’ groups on resilience as 57-58
per Kruskal-Wallis test
34 4.4.3.2 Categorization of farmers’ based on optimism 58
35 4.4.3.3 Categorization of farmers’ based on self confidence 58
36 4.4.3.4 Categorization of farmers’ based on preparedness 59
37 4.4.3.5 Categorization of farmers’ based on problem 59
solving skills
38 4.4.3.6 Resilience index score 60
39 4.4.3.7 T-test for resilience index and its significance 60
40 4.4.4.1 Comparison of knowledge level of two farmers’ 60
groups
41 4.4.4.2 Mann-Whitney U test for knowledge level of two 60
farmers’ groups and its level of significance
42 4.4.5.1 Comparison of officials knowledge level 61
43 4.4.5.2 Mann-Whitney U test for officials knowledge level 61
and its level of significance
44 4.5.1 Penetration of institutional activities KVK Tumkur 62-63
45 4.5.2 Penetration of institutional activities KVK Gumla 63-64
46 4.5.3 Penetration of VCRMC activities 65-66
47 4.5.4 Penetration of CHC Services, Gumla 67-68
48 4.5.5 Penetration of CHC Services, Tumkur 68-69
49 4.5.6 Utility of services as per Friedman Test 69-70
50 4.5.7 Friedman test for utility of services and its level of 70
significance
51 4.5.8 Level of satisfaction of services as per fried man test 70
52 4.5.9 Friedman test for level of satisfaction from services 71
and its level of significance
53 4.6.1 Ranking of technical constrains as perceived by 72
farmers
54 4.6.2 Friedman test for technical constrains and its 72
significance levels
55 4.6.3 Ranking of labour and economic constrains as 73
perceived by farmers
56 4.6.4 Friedman test for labour and economic constrains 73
and its significance levels
57 4.6.5 Ranking of social and personal constrains as 73