Impact of agricultural credit in the agricultural development of Kuttanad

316 Pages·2013·10.47 MB·English

by  Harikumar S

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN THE
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF KUTTANAD
HARIKUMAR 8.
Under the Supervision of
Dr. JOSE T. PAYYAPPILLY
Ptofessor
scuoou. or MANAGEMENT STUDIES
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF COCHlN FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ECONOMICS
UNDER THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
fiepartment nf ‘lieh Efitnnnmita
University oi Cochin
Cochin - 682 022
March 1986
DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS
-Dr. JOSE; T. PAYYAPPILLY PROFESSOR
B.A., L.S.E., D.Sc. (Vienna) School of Management Studies
University of Cochin
COCHIN—682 022
C E;R'T I FrI C A'T E
Certified that the thesis "Impact of
Agricultural Credit in the.Agricultural Development of
KuttanadV is the record of bonafide research carried
out by Sri. Harikumar. 8 under my guidance. The thesis
is worth submitting for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in Economics;
/‘"3
1-3-1986; Dr. JOSE T. PAYYAFPILLY.
DECL-ARA'I'ION
I declare that this report is the record of
bonafide research carried out by me under the supervision
of Dr; Jose.‘T. Payyappilly, School of Management Studies,
University of Cochin. I further declare that this has
not previously formed the basis of the award of any
degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other
similar title of recognition.
Cochin . 22, HARIKUMAR. s.
.1st March 1986.
A_CKNQWLEDGEMENI‘
I would like to express my sincere thanks and
‘gratitude to Dr. Jose. T. Payyappilly, Professor, School
of Management Studies for his able and inspiring guidance
at all stages of my research work.
I express my deep gratitude to
Dr.K.C. Sankaranarayanan for providing inspiration and
for giving comments on the earlier draft of the thesis.
I am thankful to Dr; M.K. Sukumaran Nair for
discussing various issues connected.with the study and
also to Mr. Rajasenan D. and. Mrs. Jessy John for their
help in analysing the data.
I am thankful to the faculty members of the
School of Management Studies for various helps rendered
and especially to Prof. Rajendra Prasad for inspiration
and help provided throughout the study.
My sincere thanks to ­
Faculty members of Department of Economics,
Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin.
Librarian and other staff of Centre of Develop­
ment Studies,fPrivandrum.
Librarian, State Planning Board,'rrivandrum.
Librarian and staff of Kerala University Library,
Trivandruma
Director and staff of Indian Institute for
Regional Development Studies, Kottayam.
Manager and staff of Lead Bank, Alleppey.
Joint Director of Co-operative Societies, Alleppey.
Assistant Director of Co-operative Societies,
Kuttanad Circle, Mankompu.
Joint Director of Agriculture, Alleppey.
Librarian and Staff of Ernakulam Public Library.
Librarian and Staff of Central Library, University
of Cochin.
Librarian and staff of School of Management
Studies, University of Cochin.
Librarian, Department of Applied Economics,
University of Cochin.
Administrative-staff of Department of Applied
Economics.
I am indebted to the University of Cochin for
awarding me a fellowship to conduct this study.
I thank the households of Kavalam, Veliyanad,
Kozhimukku and'Thalavady who gladly responded to my
I also ‘acknowledge the cooperative and helpful
attitude of all my fellow research scholars of Department
W of A%>p1:!.’ed Economics. especially Antony, Prashanth,
J?-I 1.’.­
Mathgw, Sister Vandana, Sisy and Lizy and also
.-Pabu of Department of Electronics.
Finally I thank Venkitesh for typing the thesis
correctly and neatly,
HARIKUMAR. S .
u 21
IEIEDUUCBION
101. 800.50: Agricultural cxadtu
lonooruhurxoblum
Q53.
Obdotvua
1930
1¢Co Hypothesis
1.5.
«HISHDCDIOOI
Limitations
g.o.
pm at the study
1.7.
Qflllilufiifilnlllii-5
19.0 Aotnxtun Rolatons in Developing
dbnusttou
1.9. Xutotltnkauu in tho raatoznuaxkat 13
Appandlx chqpto:M- I 22 up 25%
11 C%PITAL FORMATION 26 - G5
2.1. titan capital in Axioultuxo 27
2.1.1. Villagouvise Campaxison of Fixed
capital
1.1.3. componcts o£ Fixed capital 38
band
3.1o2o1o
2.1.2.2.
ramm.Bu11d1ng 29
3o1o2.3o Irrigation Applianos, Machinery
Implamnts an.0thara
Livestock
2o1o3oCo 30
CHAPTERS Pages
52.2. Extent of Gross Capital Formation 31.
2.2.1. Components of Fixed Capital 32,
2.2.1.1. Land 32
2.2.1.2. Farm Buildings 32
2.2.1.3. Irrigation Appliances. 33
2.2.1.4. Farm.Machinery 34
2.2.1.5.
Implements 34­
2.2.1.6. Livestock 35
2.3. Classification of Capital Formation 36
2.4. source of Capital Formation 37
2.4.1. Income, Saving and Investment 38
2.5. Determinants of Investments
40
2.5.1.
High.Net Returns 42
2.5.2. Existence of Share Cropping 45
2.5.3.
Low Savings 48
2.5.4. Population 49
2.5.5. Government Investment 49
2.5.6. Size of Holdings 50
2.5.7. Religious and Social Factors 51
2.6. Future Capital Requirements 51
Appendix Chapter - II 52
- 65
TABLES 53
III
AGRARIAN RELATIONS IN KUITANAD 66
3.1. Evolution of Agrarian Relations
3.2. Land Owners 78
CHAPTERS Pag s.
3.3.
T en ant s 82
3.4. Terms and Conditions of Land.Leasing
89 - 95.
TABLES
IV
DEMAND FOR AGRICULTURAL CREDIT
96 - 147
AND INDEBTEDVESS
4.1.
Borrowings: 97
4.1.1. Factors Affecting Borrowings 99
4.1.2. Changes in the Volume of Borrowings 103
4.1.3.
Purpose-wise Borrowings 104
4.1.4. Borrowings According to Cost 107
4.1.5. Security 108
4.1.6. Grain Loans Borrowed 108
'4.1.7. seasonality of Borrowings 109
4.2. Utilization of Credit
110
4.3. Problems of Assessment of Credit
Requirement 110
4.3.1. Credit Needs in Agriculture 115
4.3.2. Assessment of Investment Credit
117
4.4. Indebtedness 119
4.4.1. Volume of Indebtedness 119
4.4.1.1. Proportion of Indebted Families 119
4.4.1.2. Factors Affecting Proportion of
Indebted Families 120
4.40103 O Size of Debt 121
404C2Q Credit and Indebt ednes S 127
TABLES 130 - 1427