Immunotherapy of Diabetes and Selected Autoimmune Diseases-Autoimmune 8 PDF
Preview Immunotherapy of Diabetes and Selected Autoimmune Diseases-Autoimmune 8
Immunotherapy of Diabetes and Selected Autoimmune Diseases Editor GeorgeS. Eisenbarth, M.D., Ph.D. Chief Immunology Section Joslin Diabetes Center Boston, Massachusetts Boca Raton London New York CRC Press, Inc. CRC Press is an imprint of the Boca Raton, Florida Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business First published 1989 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Reissued 2018 by CRC Press © 1989 by CRC Press, Inc. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright. com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Immunotherapy of diabetes and selected autoimmune diseases / editor. George S. Eisenbarth. p. cm. Includes bibliographies and index. ISBN 0-8493-4558-8 1. Diabetes--Immunotherapy. 2. Autoimmune disease- -Immunotherapy. I. Eisenbarth, George S. [DNLM: 1. Autoimmune Diseases--immunology. 2. Diabetes Mellitus. Insulin-Dependent--immunology. WK 810 1339] RC661.155144 1989 616.4 ‘6206--dcl9 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 88-37170 A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 88037170 Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact. ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89434-8 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-1-351-07344-8 (ebk) Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com INTRODUCTION In the past decade the tools of genetics and immunology have begun to impact in a dramatic manner on our understanding of a series of human immune disorders. A disease such as Type I diabetes, in this time period has gone from being of acute "viral etiology" to being a prototypic chronic predictable autoimmune disease, complete with two excellent animal models. It is remarkable for our concepts concerning such a common (.3% of the population) and ancient disease to change so radically. As Type I diabetes is added to the list of morbid immune disorders classified as organ specific autoimmune diseases, our inability to effectively treat these diseases becomes more apparent. It is likely, as the contents of this book will illustrate, that effective therapy for any of these disorders will have wide ramifications. It should be readily apparent that for each of the diseases discussed, including Type I diabetes, Graves' ophthalmopathy, uveitis, Cogan's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and gonadal disorders, there are three or more additional autoimmune disorders awaiting effective therapy. The disorders covered were chosen to reflect the range of current knowledge in organ specific autoimmunity. I believe that our current state of knowledge is analogous to the use of airpower at the beginning of World War I. Man had learned to fly, could better discern the enemy with his biplanes, was frustrated with his attempts to bomb the enemy with hand-held grenades, but knew that an effective weapon was at hand. One of the major proofs of an immune-mediated disease is effectiveness of immunotherapy, and detailed in the three chapters covering the animal models are the specific therapies which effectively help to define the disease. Effective therapy for autoimmunity in man is at hand in a drug such as cyclosporine, but as several chapters will review, imaginative therapies must be developed to use the drug but avoid renal toxicity. For each of the diseases, and in consid- erable detail for Type I diabetes as a prototypic autoimmune disease, our current knowledge of disease pathogenesis is reviewed. Knowledge of pathogenesis is essential for deciding when immunotherapy will be efficacious, and judging the efficacy of current and future therapies. As a clinician caring for patients with Type I diabetes, and now as a clinician dealing with pre-Type I diabetics, I can see that our progress in this area appears too slow. I have observed too many children, predicted to become diabetic, actually become diabetic. It is my hope that a volume such as the present one, which defines the commonness of problems and needs for effective immunomodulator therapy, will speed the development of widely applicable and safe therapy. THE EDITOR GeorgeS. Eisenbarth, M.D., Ph.D., is Chief of the Section of Immunology at the Joslin Diabetes Center and Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Eisenbarth graduated from Columbia College, where he held a Pulitzer scholarship in 1969. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in Physiology in 1974 and M.D. degree in 1975 from Duke University. Dr. Eisenbarth is a member of the American Diabetes Association, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the American Federation for Clinical Research, and the Immu- nological Sciences Study Section of the National Istitutes of Health. Among other awards, Dr. Eisenbarth has received the Outstanding Scientific Achieve- ment Award of the American Diabetes Association (Lilly Award) and the Weitzmann Mem- orial Award of the American Endocrine Society. Dr. Eisenbarth has presented over 40 invited lectures at national and international meet- ings and guest lectures at universities and institutes. He has published more than 150 research papers. His current major research interests include the pathogenesis of autoimmune en- docrine disorders, including Type I diabetes, with a major emphasis on predicting the disorder and immunopathogenesis. CONTRIBUTORS Nancy B. Allen, M.D. Peter C. Colman, M.B.B.S., M.D. Assistant Professor Director, Endocrine Laboratory Department of Medicine Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Division of Rheumatology and Royal Melbourne Hospital Immunology Parkville, Victoria, Australia Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina Jennifer J. Cook Research Fellow Roger Assan, M. D. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Professor and Head Royal Children's Hospital Department of Diabetes Parkville,Victoria, Australia Bichat Hospital Paris, France John M. Court, M.B.B.S. Director Jean-Francois Bach, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Adolescent Medicine Professor and Head Royal Children's Hospital Department of Immunology Parkville, Victoria, Australia Necker Hospital Paris, France C. Christine Cox, M.D. Associate in Medicine Jurgen Beyer Department of Medicine Professor Doctor Division of Rheumatology and Departments of Internal Medicine, Immunology Endocrinology and Metabolism Duke University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Hospital Durham, North Carolina Mainz Mainz, West Germany Brian Dean, M.Sc. Scientist-in-Charge Christian Boitard, M.D. Endocrine Laboratory Department of Immunology Royal Melbourne Hospital Necker Hospital Parkville, Victoria, Australia Paris, France Roberto de Bara, M.D. Pierre Bougneres, Ph.D. Senior Staff Fellow Department of Pediatric Endocrinology National Eye Institute Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital National Institutes of Health Paris, France Bethesda, Maryland Dina Burstein, B.S. John Dupre, F.R.C.P. (C), Medical Student F.R.C.P. (London), F.A.C.P. Division of Diabetes Professor University of Massachusetts Medical Department of Medicine Center University of Western Ontario Worcester, Massachusetts London, Ontario, Canada L. Michael Cobo, M.D. George S. Eisenbarth, Ph.D., M.D. Associate Professor Chief Department of Ophthalmology Immunology Section Duke University Medical Center Joslin Diabetes Center Durham, North Carolina Boston, Massachusetts Nadir R. Farid, M.B.B.S., Masakazu Hattori, M.D., Ph.D. M.R.C.P.(U.K.), Investigator F.R.C.P.(C.) F.A.C.P. Research Division Professor of Medicine Joslin Diabetes Center and Chief of Endocrine Division Boston, Massachusetts Department of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland Barton F. Haynes, M.D. St. John's Newfoundland, Canada Professor, Department of Medicine Chief, Division of Rheumatology and Gilles Feutren, M.D. Immunology Clinical Immunology Unit Duke University Medical Center Necker Hospital Durham, North Carolina Paris, France Irene Hudson, Ph.D. Dale L. Greiner, Ph.D. Statistician Assistant Professor Royal Children's Hospital} Department of Pathology Parkville, Victoria, Australia University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, Connecticut Hiroshi lkegami, M.D., Ph.D. Research Fellow David A. Haner, M.D. Research Division Associate Professor of Neurology Joslin Diabetes Center Neurology Division, Department of Boston, Massachusetts Medicine Center for Neurologic Diseases George J. Kahaly, M.D. Brigham & Women's Hospital Internist and Endocrinologist Harvard Medical School Department of Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Endocrinology and Metabolism University Hospital Toshiaki Hanafusa, M.D. Mainz, West Germany Assistant Professor 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Richard J. KeUer, M.D. Osaka University Medical School Assistant in Endocrinology Osaka, Japan Department of Medicine Children's Hospital Eugene S. Handler, Ph.D. Boston, Massachusetts Professor of Medicine-Cell Biology Division of Diabetes University of Massachusetts Medical Vicki E. Kelley, Ph.D. Center Associate Professor Worcester, Massachusetts Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Leonard C. Harrison, M.B.B.S., M.D., Boston, Massachusetts D.Sc. Professor and Director Ulrich Kiesel, Dipi.-Biol. Burnet Clinical Research Unit Clinical Department Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Diabetes Research Institute Parkville, Victoria, Australia Dusseldorf, West Germany Hubert Kolb, Ph.D. Allen D. Roses, M.D. Associate Professor of Immunology Professor and Chief University of Dusseldorf Division of Neurology Dusseldorf, West Germany Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Noel Maclaren, M.D. Durham, North Carolina Professor and Chairman Department of Pathology and Laboratory Aldo A. Rossini, M.D. Medicine Professor of Medicine University of Aorida College of Medicine Division of Diabetes Gainesville, Aorida University of Massachusetts Medical Center F. Ian R. Martin, M.D. Worcester, Massachusetts Physician in Charge Department of Diabetes/Endocrinology T. Sato, M.D., Ph.D. Royal Melbourne Hospital Research Fellow Parkville, Victoria, Australia Research Division Joslin Diabetes Center Rex M. McCallum, M.D. Boston, Massachusetts Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Michael Schmidt Division of Rheumatology and Student of Medicine Immunology Clinical Department Duke University Medical Center Diabetes Research Institute Dusseldorf, West Germany John P. Mordes, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine Janet Silverstein, M.D. Division of Diabetes Associate Professor University of Massachusetts Medical Department of Pediatrics Center University of Aorida Worcester, Massachusetts Gainesville, Aorida Robert B. Nussenblatt, M.D. Calvin R. Stiller, M.D., F.R.C.P. Clinical Director Professor, Department of Medicine National Eye Institute University of Western Ontario National Institutes of Health Chief, Multi Organ Transplant Service Bethesda, Maryland University Hospital London, Ontario, Canada Alan G. Palestine, M.D. Chief Terry Strom, M.D. Clinical Immunology Section Professor National Eye Institute Department of Medicine National Institutes of Health Harvard Medical School Bethesda, Maryland Boston, Massachusetts Steven L. Rabinowe, M.D. Seiichiro Tarui, M.D., Ph.D. Assistant Professor Professor and Chairman Department of Medicine 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Harvard Medical School Osaka University Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Osaka, Japan Garry L. Warne, M.B.B.S. George A. Werther, M.B.B.S., M.D. Director Deputy-Director Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Royal Children's Hospital Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, Victoria, Australia Parkville, Victoria, Australia Howard L. Weiner, M.D. N. Yano, M.D. Robert L. Kroc Associate Professor Research Fellow of Neurologic Diseases Research Division Neurology Division, Department of Joslin Diabetes Center Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham & Women's Hospital Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts This book is dedicated to the individuals who have graciously participated in research trials of immunotherapy and shared, in a very personal way, the uncertainty of clinical research.
The list of books you might like
