Immunopharmacology and Inflammation

330 Pages·2018·9.277 MB·English

by  Carlo Riccardi, Francesca Levi-Schaffer, Ekaterini Tiligada

Carlo Riccardi
Francesca Levi-Schaff er
Ekaterini Tiligada Editors
Immunopharmacology
and Infl ammation
Immunopharmacology
and Inflammation
Carlo Riccardi • Francesca Levi-Schaffer
Ekaterini Tiligada
Editors
Immunopharmacology
and Inflammation
Editors
Carlo Riccardi Francesca Levi-Schaffer
Department of Medicine Pharmacology and Experimental
Section of Pharmacology Therapeutics Unit
University of Perugia Institute for Drug Research
Perugia, Italy School of Pharmacy
Faculty of Medicine
Ekaterini Tiligada The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Department of Pharmacology Jerusalem, Israel
Medical School, National and
Kapodistrian University of Athens
Athens, Greece
ISBN 978-3-319-77657-6 ISBN 978-3-319-77658-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77658-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942636
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Preface
Inflammation is a complex physiologic response that protects the body
against potentially harmful stimuli, including pathogens, damaged cells and
tissue components, malignant elements, irritants and toxins. Both acute and
chronic inflammatory responses involve immune cells, blood vessels, pro-
teins, amines and lipid mediators that orchestrate events like vascular perme-
ability, leukocyte migration and pain.
In recent years, the notable advancements in our understanding of the
immune system, the huge body of accumulating evidence on the pharmacol-
ogy of the immune responses and the significant biotechnological advances
made available novel targeted therapeutics that challenge current unmet med-
ical needs. These drugs comprise monoclonal antibodies and other biologics,
as well as small-molecule enzyme inhibitors that interact with well-defined
targets. Along with the wide repertoire of classic and revisited therapeutic
interventions, these innovative tools attract high interest and investment from
the biopharmaceutical, biotechnological, academic and health care sectors.
Thus, immunopharmacology is currently one of the most rapidly expanding
and promising areas in biomedicine, offering cutting-edge modalities to treat
illnesses ranging from allergies, autoimmune diseases and malignancies to
neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
This book is supported by members of the Immunopharmacology
Section  – ImmuPhar of the International Union of Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology (IUPHAR) – and reflects the future trends and challenges in
the area of inflammation and immunopharmacology. By providing a compre-
hensive, yet non-exhaustive overview of the current advances in these fields,
it addresses an audience with basic knowledge in the inflammatory and
immune processes and is useful as a source of the most up-to-date informa-
tion for researchers and clinicians already working in these areas.
The chapters highlight the basic knowledge and introduce new concepts
on the mediators of inflammation, including the putative immunomodulatory
role of histamine; the molecular mechanisms and the resolution of inflamma-
tion; the immunopharmacological perspective of innate and adaptive immu-
nity; and the regulation of immune mechanisms in health and disease,
including neural regulation of inflammation and atherosclerosis. The chapters
on the actions and side effects of glucocorticoids underscore the continuing
v
vi Preface
timeliness and relevance of these classic therapeutic agents for the treatment
of immune and inflammatory disorders. On the other hand, the chapters on
the innovative drugs for allergies and on the immune mechanisms in
atherosclerosis emphasize the development and exploitation of targeted ther-
apies in the indented new era of personalized or precision medicine.
Special thanks are due to all authors for contributing to this effort.
Finally, we gratefully acknowledge that completion of this book could not
have been accomplished without the skillful efforts and the constant support
of Professor Simona Ronchetti, Department of Medicine, University of
Perugia, Italy.
Perugia, Italy Carlo Riccardi
Jerusalem, Israel Francesca Levi-Schaffer
Athens, Greece Ekaterini Tiligada
Contents
Part I T he Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation
Mediators of Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Izabela Galvão, Michelle A. Sugimoto, Juliana P. Vago,
Marina G. Machado, and Lirlândia P. Sousa
Innate Immunity and Inflammation: The Molecular
Mechanisms Governing the Cross- Talk Between Innate
Immune and Endothelial Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Daiane Boff, Caio Tavares Fagundes, Remo Castro Russo,
and Flavio Almeida Amaral
Adaptive Immunity of Airway Inflammation in Asthma . . . . . . . . . 57
Cameron H. Flayer, Sarah S. Killingbeck, Erik Larson,
Zoulfia Allakhverdi, and Angela Haczku
Role of Histamine in Inflammatory Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Anette T. Hansen Selnø, Vadim V. Sumbayev, Ulrike Raap,
and Bernhard F. Gibbs
Neural Regulation of Inflammation: Pharmacological
Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Marco Cosentino and Franca Marino
Part II R esolution of Inflammation
Pro-resolving Mediators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
William Antonio Gonçalves, Alesandra Côrte Reis Melão,
Mauro Martins Teixeira, Barbara Maximino Rezende,
and Vanessa Pinho
Part III Immunopharmacology
Innate Immunity in Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Andrea Cignarella and Chiara Bolego
Regulatory Mechanisms in Neutrophil Degranulation . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Lindsey C. Felix, Sarah Almas, and Paige Lacy
vii
viii Contents
Immune Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis and Potential
for Immunomodulatory Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Gianluca Grassia, Neil MacRitchie, and Pasquale Maffia
Regulation of Immunity and Disease by the IL-1 Receptor
Family Members IL-1R2 and IL-1R8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Martina Molgora, Domenico Supino, and Cecilia Garlanda
Part IV C lassical Drugs to Treat Inflammatory
and Autoimmune Diseases
Glucocorticoids: Molecular Mechanisms of Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Diana Cruz-Topete and John A. Cidlowski
Glucocorticoids: Immunity and Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Simona Ronchetti and Carlo Riccardi
Strategies and Compounds to Circumvent
Glucocorticoid-I nduced Side Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Astrid Luypaert, Wim Vanden Berghe, Jan Tavernier,
Claude Libert, and Karolien De Bosscher
Part V Innovative Drugs to Treat Inflammatory
and Autoimmune Diseases
Innovative Drugs for Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Ekaterini Tiligada, Kyriaki Gerasimidou,
and Francesca Levi-Schaffer
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Part I
The Molecular Mechanisms
of Inflammation
Mediators of Inflammation
Izabela Galvão, Michelle A. Sugimoto,
Juliana P. Vago, Marina G. Machado,
and Lirlândia P. Sousa
mediators are derived from immune cells (e.g.
Abstract vasoactive amines, lipid mediators, platelet-
Inflammation is a physiologic response against
activating factor, reactive oxygen species,
noxious stimuli and microbial invaders. The
nitric oxide, cytokines and chemokines) or are
basic elements of inflammation include host
acute phase proteins produced by the liver that
cells, blood vessels, proteins and lipid media-
circulate in the plasma (e.g. the complement,
tors, which work together to eliminate the
coagulation and kallikrein-kinin systems).
inflammatory stimulus as well as initiate the
Together, the mediators of inflammation
resolution and repair. Mediators of inflamma-
orchestrate all the inflammatory events such
tion are regulatory molecules that control the
as blood vessel dilatation, vascular permeabil-
generation, maintenance and resolution of this
ity, leukocyte migration to the affected tissue
response, which is triggered after recognition
and pain.
of infection or injure. The initial recognition
of the inflammatory stimuli leads to the pro-
Keywords
duction of pro-inflammatory mediators. These
Inflammation · Vasoactive amines · Lipid
mediators · Cytokines · Chemokines ·
Plasma-driven mediators
I. Galvão · M. A. Sugimoto
Laboratório de Sinalização da Inflamação,
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
J. P. Vago · M. G. Machado 1 Introduction
Laboratório de Sinalização da Inflamação,
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas
Inflammation is a protective response, which
da Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil involves immune host cells, blood vessels, pro-
teins and lipid mediators [1]. During an inflam-
L. P. Sousa (*)
Laboratório de Sinalização da Inflamação, matory response, molecular patterns are sensed
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade by receptors from innate immunity leading to the
de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,
production of inflammatory mediators. The aim
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of
Laboratório de Sinalização da Inflamação,
cell injury, such as the necrotic cells/tissues that
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas
result from the original damage and, by doing so,
da Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil paving the way to start the resolution and repair
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 3
C. Riccardi et al. (eds.), Immunopharmacology and Inflammation,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77658-3_1