Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants

377 Pages·1999·7.67 MB·English

by  Hildebert Wagner

Series Editor
Prof. Dr. Michael J. Parnham
PLiVA
Research Institute
Prilaz baruna Filipovica 25
1 0000 Zagreb
Croatia
Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants
!iIIIII Hildebert Wagner
Editor
Springer Basel AG
Editors
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. H. Wagner
Institut fUr pharmazeutische Biologie
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universităt Munchen
Karlstrasse 29
D-80333 Munchen
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA
Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Immunomodulatory agents from plants / ed. by H. Wagner -Basel ; Boston;
Berlin : Birkhăuser, 1999
(Progress in inflammation research)
ISBN 978-3-0348-9763-1 ISBN 978-3-0348-8763-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-8763-2
The publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage and administration contained in
this publication. The respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other sources of reference in each individual
case.
The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication, even if not identified as such, does not imply that
they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or free for general use.
This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of iIIustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro
films or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must
be obtained.
© 1999 Springer Basel AG
Originally published by Birkhiiuser Verlag in 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1999
Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF =
Cover design: Markus Etterich, Basel
Cover iIIustration: With the friendly permission of Mayer & Partner GmbH, Frankf. Str. 119, D-63303 Dreieich
ISBN 978-3-0348-9763-1
987654321
Contents
List of contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. vii
Preface............................................................................ xi
Hildebert Wagner, Stefan Kraus and Kseniia Jurcic
Search for potent immunostimulating agents from plants and
other natural sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Rudolf Bauer
Chemistry, analysis and immunological investigations of Echinacea
phytopharmaceuticals ............................................................ 41
Andreas C. Emmendorffer, Hildebert Wagner and
Marie-Luise Lohmann-Matthes
Immunologically active polysaccharides from Echinacea purpurea
plant and cell cultures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89
Dieter Melchart and Klaus Linde
Clinical investigations of Echinacea phytopharmaceuticals ....................... 105
Michael 1. Parnham
Benefit and risks of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower
(Echinacea purpurea) for long~term oral immunostimulant therapy .............. 119
Luc A.c. Pieters, Tess E. De Bruyne and Arnold J. Vlietinck
Low-molecular weight compounds with complement activity ................... 137
Haruki Yamada and Hiroaki Kiyohara
Complement-activating polysaccharides from medicinal herbs ................... 161
Contents
Yukiko Y. Maeda and Goro Chihara
Lentinan and other antitumoral polysaccharides ................................. 203
Rainer Samtleben, Tibor Haito, Katarina Hostanska and
Hildebert Wagner
Mistletoe lectins as immunostimulants (chemistry, pharmacology
and clinic) ......................................................................... 223
Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois
Saponins as immunoadjuvants and immunostimulants ........................... 243
Eikai Kyo, Naoto Uda, Shigeo Kasuga, Yoichi Itakura and
Hiromichi Sumiyoshi
Garlic as an immunostimulant .................................................... 273
Sharadini A. Dahanukar, Urmila M. Thatte and Nirmala N. Rege
Immunostimulants in Ayurveda medicine ........................................ 289
Pei-Gen Xiao and Chang-Xiao Liu
Immunostimulants in traditional Chinese medicine ............................... 325
Index .............................................................................. 357
vi
List of contributors
Rudolf Bauer, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Uni
versitatsstr. 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
e-mail: [email protected]
Goro Chihara, Ajinomoto Co. Ltd, 49-15 Tanacho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0064,
Japan
Sharadini A. Dahanukar, Ayurveda Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology
and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India;
e-mail: [email protected]
Tess E. De Bruyne, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp,
Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
Andreas C. Emmendorffer, Department of Immunobiology, Fraunhofer Institute for
Toxicology and Aerosal Research, Hannover, Germany
Tibor Hajto, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich,
P.O. Box 77, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
Katarina Hostanska, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich,
P.O. Box 77, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
Yoichi Itakkura, Pharmacology and Safety Assessment Laboratory of Institute for
OTC Research, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda
cho, Takata-gun, Hiroshima 739-11, Japan
Ksenija Jurcic, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Karlstrasse 29, D-80333 Munich, Germany
List of contributors
Shigeo Kasuga, Pharmacology and Safety Assessment Laboratory of Institute for
OTC Research, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda
cho, Takata-gun, Hiroshima 739-11, Japan
Hiroaki Kiyohara, Oriental Medicine Research Center, The Kitasato Institute,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
Stefan Kraus, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Karlstrasse 29, D-80333 Munich, Germany
Eikai Kyo, Pharmacology and Safety Assessment Laboratory of Institute for OTC
Research, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho,
Takata-gun, Hiroshima 739-11, Japan
Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculte de Pharma
cie, Universite de Bourgogne, 7, Bd Jeanne d'Arc, F-21033 Dijon Cedex, France
Klaus Linde, Miinchener Modell - Centre for Complementary Medicine Research,
Technical University/Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Kaiserstr. 9, D-80801
Munich, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]
Chang-Xiao Liu, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, State Pharmaceuti
cal Administration of China, 308 An-Shan West Road, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China;
Fax: [phone]; e-mail: [email protected]
Marie-Luise Lohmann-Matthes, Department of Immunobiology, Fraunhofer Insti
tute for Toxicology and Aerosal Research, Hannover, Germany
Yukiko Y. Maeda, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, The Tokyo Metro
politan Institute of Medical Science, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8613, Japan; e-mail: [email protected]
Dieter Melchart, Miinchener Modell - Centre for Complementary Medicine
Research, Technical UniversitylLudwig-Maximilians-University, Kaiserstr. 9, D-
80801 Munich, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]
Michael J. Parnham, Institute of Pharmacology for the Natural Sciences, Goethe
University Frankfurt, D-60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Present address: PLIVA d.d., Research Institute, Prilaz baruna Filipoviea 25, HR-
10000 Zagreb, Croatia; e-mail: [email protected]
viii
List of contributors
Luc A.C. Pieters, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp,
Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
Nirmala N. Rege, Ayurveda Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
Rainer Samtleben, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Uni
versitiit Munich, Karlstr. 29, D-80333 Munich, Germany
Hiromichi Sumiyoshi, OTC Development Department, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Takata-gun, Hiroshima 739-11, Japan
Urmila M. Thatte, Ayurveda Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
Naoto Uda, Pharmacology and Safety Assessment Laboratory of Institute for OTC
Research, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho,
Takata-gun, Hiroshima 739-11, Japan
Arnold J. Vlietinck, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp,
Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; e-mail: [email protected]
Hildebert Wagner, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Uni
versity Munich, Karlstrasse 29, D-80333 Munich Germany;
e-mail: [email protected]
Pei-Gen Xiao, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Med
ical Sciences, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China; e-mail: [email protected]
Haruki Yamada, Oriental Medicine Research Center, The Kitasato Institute, Mina
to-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; e-mail: [email protected]
ix
Preface
The human immune system, despite having its own sophisticated defence mecha
nisms, is inferior to bacteria and viruses with respect to adaptability. Furthermore,
our immune system is increasingly exposed to detrimental effects, that is immuno
suppressive environmental consequences, unhealthy living, and chronic illnesses.
Excessive chemotherapy threatens our immune system even further. This situation
demands compensatory prophylactic therapeutic regimes. One of these - specific
immunostimulation - is more difficult to achieve than the immunosuppression cur
rently used in transplantation surgery and the medical treatment of autoimmune dis
eases.
The earliest attempts to develop suitable medication for immunostimulation
were based on traditional remedies which embodied the accumulated experience of
several centuries. Medicinal plants are already being used prophylactically as stan
dardized and efficacy-optimized preparations for the treatment of various recur
rent infections, or in combination with chemotherapeutics in standard medical
practice.
In order to rationally apply immunostimulants of plant origin, however, it is
necessary to search for the active principles of these substances and to produce
them in a pure form. Because suitable screening methods have become available
only recently, research in this field is in its very beginning. Further progress can be
expected from systematic basic research on the mechanisms underlying
immunomodulation. This also applies to verification of clinical efficacy, which is a
prerequisite for the acceptance of medications with purported immunostimulatory
properties.
This book attempts to provide a synopsis of the most important research results
to date in the field of immunomodulators of plant origin. It is also intended to offer
suggestions and to provide a scientific basis for further research, which has become
ever more urgent since recombinant cytokines have yet to fulfill their promise as
effective immunotherapeutic agents.
Miinchen (Germany), July 1998 H. Wagner