Immunology of Renal Disease PDF
Preview Immunology of Renal Disease
Immunology of Renal Diseases IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICINE SERIES Immunology of Endocrine Diseases Editor: A. M . McGregor Clinical Transplantation: Current Practice and Future Prospects Editor: G. R. D. Catto Complement in Health and Disease Editor: K. Whaley Immunological Aspects of Oral Diseases Editor: L. Ivanyi Immunoglobulins in Health and Disease Editor: M . A. H. French Immunology of Malignant Diseases Editors: V. S. Byers and R. W. Baldwin Lymphoproliferative Diseases Editors: D. B. Jones and D. H. Wright Phagocytes and Disease Editors: M . S. Klempner, B. Styrt and J. Ho Immunology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Editor: D. J. M . Wright Mast Cells, Mediators and Disease Editor: S. T. Holgate Immunodeficiency and Disease Editor: A. D. B. Webster Immunology of Pregnancy and its Disorders Editor: C. M . M . Stern Immunotherapy of Disease Editor: T. J. Hamblin Immunology of Prophylactic Immunization Editor: A. J. Zuckerman Immunology of Eye Disease Editor: S. Lightman Lymphoproliferative Diseases Editors: D. B. Jones and D. H. Wright Immunology of Renal Diseases Editor: C. D. Pusey Biochemistry of Inflammation Editors: J. T. Whicher and S. W. Evans Immunology of ENT Disorders Editor: G. Scadding Immunology of Infection Editors: J. G. P. Sissons, J. Cohen and L. K. Borysiewicz Immunology of HIV Infection Editor: A. G. Bird Immunology of Gastrointestinal Diseases Editor: T. T. MacDonald IMMUNOLOGY SERIES SERIES SERIES SERIES A N D SERIES • SERIES • SERIES SERIES MEDICINE Volume 16 Immunology of Renal Diseases Edited by C. D. Pusey Renal Unit, Department of Medicine Royal Postgraduate Medical School Hammersmith Hospital, London Series Editor: K. Whaley SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Immunology of renal diseases. 1. Kidneys. Diseases I. Pusey, C. D. II. Series 616.61079 ISBN 978-94-010-5738-7 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Immunology of renal diseases/edited by C. D. Pusey. p. cm. — (Immunology and medicine series; v. 16) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-94-010-5738-7 ISBN 978-94-011-3902-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3902-1 1. Kidneys — Diseases — Immunological aspects. I. Pusey, C. D. II. Series. [ D N L M : 1. Kidney Diseases — Immunology. W l IM53BI v. 16/WJ 301 133] RC903.I46 1991 616.6'1079-dc20 D N L M / D L C for Library of Congres 91-7062 CIP Copyright © 1991 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the publishers, Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. Typeset by Technical Keying Services, Manchester. Contents Series Editor's Note vii Preface Vlll List of Contributors ix 1 Immunogenetics of nephritis 1 A. Burns, P. Li and A. Rees 2 Introduction and regulation of autoimmune experimental glomerulonephritis 29 P. Druet 3 Molecular mechanisms of in situ immune complex formation in experimental membranous nephropathy 45 D. Kerjaschki 4 Immune complex handling in systemic lupus erythematosus 59 K. A. Davies and M. J. Walport 5 The membrane attack complex of complement in renal injury 81 G. M. Hiinsch 6 Cell-mediated immunity in glomerulonephritis 97 S. R. Holdsworth and P. G. Tipping 7 Eicosanoids and cytokines in glomerular injury 123 J. D. Williams and M. Davies 8 Immunology of minimal-change nephropathy 161 G. Clark and D. G. Williams 9 IgA nephropathies and Henoch-Schonlein purpura 183 F. W. Ballardie v CONTENTS 10 C3 nephritic factor and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 215 Y. C. Ng 11 Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease 229 N. Turner and C. D. Pusey 12 Autoimmunity in systemic vasculitis 255 D. R. W Jayne and C. M. Lockwood 13 Immunopathogenic mechanisms of interstitial nephritis 271 C. M. Meyers and C. J. Kelly Index 289 vi Series Editor's Note The interface between clinical immunology and other branches of medical practice is frequently blurred and the general physician is often faced with clinical problems with an immunological basis and is expected to diagnose and manage such patients. The rapid expansion of basic and clinical immu- nology over the past two decades has resulted in the appearance of increasing numbers of immunology journals and it is impossible for a non-specialist to keep apace with this information overload. The Immunology and Medicine series is designed to present individual topics of immunology in a condensed package of information which can be readily assimilated by the busy clinician or pathologist. K. Whaley, Glasgow June 1991 vii Preface Although it has been appreciated for many years that immune processes underlie most types of glomerulonephritis, it is the recent explosion in knowl- edge of cellular and molecular immunology that has prompted another book on the subject. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in renal injury requires the integration of information from in vitro cell-culture systems, experimental models of disease, and clinical studies. This volume draws on all of these sources in an attempt to explain current concepts of nephritis. Increased emphasis is placed on autoimmune processes, as opposed to the deposition of circulating immune complexes, although it will be apparent that these may overlap in the area of "in situ" immune complex formation. Of central importance in autoimmunity is the relationship between antigen pre- senting cells (including B cells) expressing MHC class II molecules, autoan- tigenic peptides, T helper lymphocytes, and various effector cells. The mechanisms by which the immune system may lead to tissue injury are also becoming better understood, and consideration is given to the role of inflam- matory cells, the complement proteins, and soluble factors such as cytokines and eicosanoids. The way in which some of these basic processes operate in renal disease is considered in the early chapters, but much of the book is devoted to review- ing our current understanding of the immunology of the better-defined forms of nephritis. It is perhaps disappointing that this great increase in knowledge has led to so few major therapeutic advances, but as we continue to dissect out the cellular and molecular basis for these disorders, such advances must surely follow. I would like to record my thanks to Professor Keith Peters for inspiring my interest in the immunology of nephritis, to my many colleagues for main- taining it, to all of the contributors for their excellent work, and to the pub- lishers for their patience and encouragement. C. D. Pusey viii List of Contributors F. W. BALLARDIE G.M.HANSCH Department of Medicine Universitat Heidelberg Manchester Royal Infirmary Institut fOr Immunologie Oxford Road Heidelberg Manchester M13 9WL Germany UK S. R. HOLDSWORTH A.BURNS Monash University Renal Unit Department of Medicine Department of Medicine Monash Medical Centre Royal Postgraduate Medical School Melbourne Du Cane Road Australia 3004 London W12 ONN D. R. W. JAYNE UK Department of Medicine G.CLARK Clinical Medical School United Medical and Dental Schools Addenbrookes Hospital of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals Cambridge CB2 2QQ Clinical Science Laboratories UK Guy's Tower C. J. KELLY London Bridge Renal Electrolyte Section and the London SE1 9RT Immunology Graduate Group UK University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine K. A. DAVIES 700 Clinical Research Bldg. Rheumatology Unit 422 Curie Blvd. Department of Medicine Philadelphia Royal Postgraduate Medical School Pennsylvania 19104 Du Cane Road USA London W12 ONN UK D. KERJASCHKI Department of Anatomical Pathology M. DAVIES University of Vienna Institute of Nephrology Allgemeines Krankenhaus Cardiff Royal Infirmary Spitalgasse 4 Newport Road 1090 Vienna Cardiff CF2 1SZ Austria UK P. LI P.DRUET Renal Unit INSERM U28 Department of Medicine Hopital Broussais Royal Postgraduate Medical School 96 rue Didot Du Cane Road 75674 Paris Cedex London W12 ONN France UK ix LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS C. M. LOCKWOOD P. G. TIPPING Department of Medicine Monash University Clinical Medical School Department of Medicine Addenbrookes Hospital Monash Medical Centre Cambridge CB2 2QQ Melbourne UK Australia 3004 C. M. MEYERS Renal Electrolyte Section N.TURNER Renal Unit University of Pennsylvania School Department of Medicine of Medicine 700 Clinical Research Bldg. Royal Postgraduate Medical School 422 Curie Blvd. Du Cane Road Philadelphia London W12 ONN Pennsylvania 19104 UK US M. J. WALPORT Y.C.NG Rheumatology Unit Division of Molecular and Clinical Department of Medicine Rheumatology Royal Postgraduate Medical School The Johns Hopkins University Du Cane Road School of Medicine London W12 ONN Baltimore UK Maryland 21205 USA D. G. WILLIAMS C.D.PUSEY United Medical and Dental Schools Renal Unit of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals Department of Medicine Clinical Science Laboratories Royal Postgraduate Medical School Guy's Tower Du Cane Road London Bridge London W12 ONN London SE1 9RT UK UK A. J. REES Renal Unit J. D. WILLIAMS Department of Medicine Institute of Nephrology Royal Postgraduate Medical School Cardiff Royal Infirmary Du Cane Road Newport Road London W12 ONN Cardiff CF2 1SZ UK UK x
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