Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides VIII: Manipulation or Modulation of the Immune Response PDF
Preview Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides VIII: Manipulation or Modulation of the Immune Response
IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES VIII Manipulation OfModulation ofthe Immune Response ADVANCES INEXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: NATHAN BACK,State UniversityofNew Yorkat Buffalo IRUNR.COHEN,The Weizmann InstituteofScience DAVIDKRITCHEVSKY,WistarInstituie ABELLAJTHA,N.S.KlineInstituteforPsychiatricResearch RODOLFO PAOLETTI,Universityof Mi/an Recent Volumes inthis Series Volume 375 D1ETANDCANCER:Molecular Mechanismsof Interactions Edited under theauspices oftheAmerican Institute forCancer Research Volume 376 GLYCOIMMUNOLOGY Edited byAzita Alavi andJohn S.Axford Volume377 TISSUE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEMS:CurrentConceptsofLocalRegulatorsin Reproductiveand EndocrineOrgans EditedbyAmalK.Mukhopadhyayand MohanK.Raizada Volume 378 DENDRlTIC CELLSINFUNDAMENTALANDCLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, Volume 2 Edited byJacques Banchereau andDaniel Schmitt Volume379 SUBTILISIN ENZYMES: Practical Protein Engineering Edited byRichard BottandChristian Betzel Volume380 CORONA-ANDRELATED VIRUSES:Current Concepts inMolecular Biology and Pathogenesis Editedby Pierre J.Talbot andGaryA.Levy Volume 381 CONTROL OFTHECARDIOVASCULAR ANDRESPIRATORY SYSTEMS IN HEALTHANDD1SEASE EditedbyC.Tissa Kappagoda and MareP.Kaufman Volume 382 MOLECULAR ANDSUBCELLULAR CARDIOLOGY: Effects ofStructureand Function EditedbySamuel Sideman and Rafael Beyar Volume383 IMMUNOBIOLOGY OFPROTEINS ANDPEPTIDES VIII:Manipulationor Modulation ofthe Immune Response Edited byM.Zouhair Atassi andGarvinS.Bixler,Jr. AContinuationOrderPlanisavailable forthisseries.Acontinuationorder willbring deliveryofeach newvolume immediatelyuponpublication.Volumesarebilled onlyuponactual shipmenl. Forfurther informationpleasecontact thepublisher. IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES VIII Manipulation Modulation of the Of Immune Response Edited by M. Zouhair Atassi BaylorCollegeofMedicine Houston,Texas and Garvin S. Bixler, Jr. UnivaxBiologics,Inc. Rockville, Maryland SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC LtbraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData InternationalSymposiumontheImmunobiologyofProteinsandPeptides(8th:1994:PioRico, Ariz.) ImmunobiologyofproteinsandpeptidesVIII:manipulationormodulationoftheimmunere sponse/ editedbyM.ZouhairAtassiandGarvinS.Bixler,Jr. p. cm.--{Advancesinexperimentalmedicineandbiology;v.383) "Proceedingsofthe EighthInternational Symposium ontheImmunobiologyofProteinsand Peptides,heldinNovember16-20,1994,inPioRico,Arizona."-T.p.verso. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4613-5771-1 ISBN978-1-4615-1891-4(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4615-1891-4 1.Immuneresponse-Regulation-Congresses.2.Proteins-Immunology--Congresses.3.Pep m. tides-Immunology-Congresses. I.Atassi, M.Z.II. Bixler,GarvinS. Title.IV.Series. QRI86.IS6 1994 95-36866 616.07'9-dc20 CIP ProceedingsoftheEighthInternationalSymposiumonthelmmunobiologyofProteinsandPeptides, heldNovember16-20,1994,inPioRico,Arizona IISSBBNN997788--11--44661133--55777711--11 ©1995SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork OriginallypublishedbyPlenumPress,NewYorkin1995 Softcoverreprintofthehardcover 1stedition1995 10987654321 AIIrightsreserved Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recording,orotherwise,withoutwritten permissionfromthePublisher Scientific Council of the Symposium M. Zouhair Atassi, Chairman Garvin S. Bixler, Jr., Secretary Colin R. Young, Secretary Howard L. Bachrach Constantin A. Bona CheBa S. David John J. Marchalonis Nicole Suciu-Foca Symposium Sponsors Univax Biologics, Inc Amgen Smith Kline v PREFACE This volume summarizes the proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on the Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides which was held on November 16-20 in Rio Rico, Arizona. The articles represent papers by invited speakers as well as papers selected by the Scientific Council, from among those submitted by the participants, on the basis of quality and timeliness. This symposium series was established in 1976 for the purpose of bringing together, once every two or three years, active investigators in the forefront of contemporary immunology, to present their findings, discuss their significance in the light of current concepts and identify important new directions of investigation. The founding of the symposium was stimulated by the achievement of major breakthroughs in the understanding of the immune recognition of proteins and peptides. We believed that these breakthroughs would lead to the creation of a new generation of peptide reagents, which could have enormous potential in biological, therapeutic, and basic applications. This anticipated explosion has since occurred and many applications ofthese peptides are now being realized. The eighth symposium focused on the manipulation or modulation of the immune response. This volume broadly covers the areas of adjuvants, cytokines, vaccines, and the use of intravenous immunoglobulins for disease management. There is a clear need to identify methods for improving vaccine efficacy and guiding the host to respond with a particular type of immune response. By directing a response in a desired direction, alternative adjuvants, such as glucans or blocked copolymers, modulation of immunoregulatory path ways with cytokines, alternative vaccine delivery systems, or alternative conjugation chem istries for carrier protein-based vaccines, all hold promise for achieving more efficacious vaccines. Successful vaccine development also benefits from continued efforts to define and understand the critical regions of proteins involved in diseases such as malaria or botulism and from having available appropriate animal models, as is being developed in Lyme disease. In conjunction with the development of new vaccines, passive immunotherapy with intra venous immunoglobulin, a safe and widely used procedure, is being more fully exploited by targeting specific pathogens through active immunization of plasma donor populations. In the area of autoimmunity, the potential of peptide reagents is clearly evident as insights into the underlying basis for pathogenesis have been revealed and new opportunities for the development of immunotherapeutics identified. In the last few years, there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular basis of several autoimmune diseases. The contact residues involved in the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor have been defined, which has provided insight into myasthenia gravis as well as indicated a potential direction for the development of peptide-based therapeutics. The relationship of band 3 membrane protein to aging and Alzheimer's disease is being dissected with an overlapping peptide strategy. vii viii Preface A major focus of contemporary immunology is an understanding of the roles, relationships, and interactions of antigen, T-cell receptor, and the major histocompatibility complex. State of the art technology has enabled the isolation and identification MHC-spe citic binding motifs with obvious implications for immunotherapy. Identification of subunit structures on the T-cell receptor itself has lead to the development of TcR peptide vaccines as a possible therapeutic approach to control T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Clues to the identification of the genetic basis for susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis are being uncovered through the use of newly developed mouse models congenic for the T-cell receptor. Additional data suggest that apoptosis may be part of a feedback mechanism for regulating T cells, which could potentially provide an avenue for modulating autoimmune activity. Autoantibodies to the T-cell receptor are now known to exist in normal individuals. Interestingly, these autoantibodies are elevated in patients with autoimmune disease and retroviral infection. The obvious question is what is their role in pathogenesis? The hypothe sis that such antibodies are concentrated in immunoglobulin-rich fractions and may benefi cially effect immunoregulatory pathways upon passive transfer is being explored. In immunological privilege sites, T cells produce extracellular antigen-specific proteins. The regulatory events in these sites and the roles ofT-cell products in the regulatory process are yet another area of investigation. Symposia of this kind require a considerable amount of funding. We would like to express, on behalf of the symposium organization, our gratitude to our sponsors. In particular, we would like to thank Univax Biologics, Inc., Amgen, and Smith-Kline for their strong support. We would especially like to thank the authors for their efforts in preparing the manuscripts. M. Zouhair Atassi Garvin S. Bixler, Jr. CONTENTS 1. Silicone Gels as Adjuvants: Effects on Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses ................................................... . John O. Nairn and Carel J. van Oss 2. The Effect of Molecular Weight and Gel Preparation on Humoral Adjuvancy of Silicone Oils and Silicone Gels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 John O. Nairn and Carel J. van Oss 3. Glucans as Immunological Adjuvants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 N. Mohagheghpour, M. Dawson, P. Hobbs, A. Judd, R. Winant, L. Dousman, N. Waldeck, L. Hokama, D. Tuse, F. Kos, C. Benike, and E. Engleman 4. Copolymer Adjuvants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23 Robert N. Brey 5. Regulation ofIl-4 and Il-5 Secretion by Histamine and PGE2 ••••••.••••••••• 35 Manzoor M. Khan 6. Immunoglobulin Isotype Modulation after Administration ofIl-12 ............ 43 Victor Van Cleave, Stan Wolf, Kristin Murray, Anna Wiencis, Mara Ketchum, Judy Bliss, Theresa Haire, Christine Resmini, Rich Maylor, and Ed Alderman 7. Substance P Mediated Stimulation of Cytokine Levels in Cultured Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ...................................... 53 Jill Marie Manske, Erin L. Sullivan, and Shawna M. Andersen 8. Malaria Transmission-Blocking Immunity: Identification of Epitopes and Evaluation of Immunogenicity .................................... 65 Nirbhay Kumar, Isabelle Ploton, Gary Koski, Cheryl Ann-Lobo, and Carmen Contreras 9. Experimental Feline Lyme Borreliosis as a Model for Testing Borrelia burgdorferi Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 Michael D. Gibson, M. T. Omran, and Colin R. Young ix x Contents 10. Liposomal Vaccines ................................................. 83 Shawn Green, Anne Fortier, Jan Dijkstra, John Madsen, Glenn Swartz, Leo Einck, Ed Gubish, and Carol Nacy 11. Protection Strategies against Botulinum Toxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 J. L. Middlebrook 12. Collagen Arthritis in T Cell Receptor Congenic Mice: A Unique Approach to Study the Role of T Cell Receptor Genotypes in Autoimmune Arthritis 99 Gerald H. Nabozny and Chella S. David 13. The Blood-Brain Barrier in Virus-Induced Demyelination ................... 105 C. J. R. Welsh, B. V. Sapatino, A. Petrescu, and J. Piedrahita 14. Idiotype Manipulation in Disease Management ........................... 117 Heinz Kohler, Malaya Bhattacharya-Chatterjee, Sybille Muller, and Kenneth A. Fo on 15. Intravenous Immunoglobins (lvigs) to Prevent and Treat Infectious Diseases ... 123 A. S. Cross 16. Qualitative and Quantitative Immune Response to Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharides and Their Conjugates in Mouse and Man .............. 131 Ali Fattom 17. Autoimmune Recognition of Acetylcholine Receptor and ManipUlation of the Autoimmune Responses by Synthetic Peptides ....................... 141 M. Zouhair Atassi and Minako Oshima 18. Amelioration of Autoimmune Reactions by Antigen-Induced Apoptosis of T Cells ......................................................... 157 Hugh I. McFarland, Jeffrey M. Critchfield, Michael K. Racke, John P. Mueller, Steven H. Nye, Stefen A. Boehme, and Michael J. Lenardo 19. Band 3 and Its Peptides during Aging, Radiation Exposure, and Alzheimer's Disease: Alterations and Self-Recognition ........................... 167 Marguerite M. B. Kay, Douglas Lake, and Cathleen Cover 20. Establishment ofa Mouse Model of Myasthenia Gravis which Mimics Human Myasthenia Gravis Pathogenesis for Immune Intervention .............. 195 Premkumar Christadoss, Rashmi Kaul, Mohan Shenoy, and Elizabeita Goluszko 21. Analysis ofMHC-Specific Peptide Motifs: Applications in Immunotherapy .... 201 Douglas J. Loftus, Ralph T. Kubo, Kazuyasu Sakaguchi, Esteban Celis, Alessandro Sette, and Ettore Appella Contents xi 22. Autoantibodies Against Peptide-Defined Epitopes ofT-Cell Receptors in Retrovirally Infected Humans and Mice ............................. 211 John J. Marchalonis, Douglas F. Lake, Samuel F. Schluter, Keivan Dehghanpisheh, Ronald R. Watson, Neil M. Ampel, and John N. Galgiani 23. Characterization of Autoantibodies Directed Against T Cell Receptors ........ 223 Douglas F. Lake, William J. Landsperger, Ralph M. Bernstein, Samuel F. Schluter, and John J. Marchalonis 24. Autoregulation ofTCR V Region Epitopes in Autoimmune Disease ........... 231 Samuel F. Schluter, Ena Wang, John B. Winfield, David E. Yocum, and John J. Marchalonis 25. Influence of the Anterior Chamber of the EYE on T-Cell Production of Extracellular Antigen-Specific Proteins ............................. 237 Robert E. Cone, C. Hadjikouti, Y. Wang, and J. O'Rourke 26. The Development and Use ofT Cell Receptor Peptide Vaccines .............. 249 Steven Brostoff 27. Evidence That Immunosuppression Is an Intrinsic Property of the Alpha-Fetoprotein Molecule ...................................... 255 D. J. Semeniuk, R. Boismenu, J. Tam, W. Weissenhofer, and R. A. Murgita Index ................................................................. 271
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