Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Venturing Abroad in the Age of Globalization PDF
Preview Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Venturing Abroad in the Age of Globalization
01 IMMIGRANT ENTRE. 24/9/03 1:58 pm Page i Immigrant Entrepreneurs This page intentionally left blank 01 IMMIGRANT ENTRE. 24/9/03 1:58 pm Page iii Immigrant Entrepreneurs Venturing Abroad in the Age of Globalization Edited by Robert Kloosterman and Jan Rath Oxford • New York 01 IMMIGRANT ENTRE. 24/9/03 1:58 pm Page iv First published in 2003 by Berg Editorial offices: 1st Floor, Angel Court, 81 St Clements Street, Oxford OX4 1AW, UK 838 Broadway, Third Floor, New York, NY 10003–4812, USA © Robert Kloosterman and Jan Rath 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Berg. Berg is the imprint of Oxford International Publishers Ltd. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Immigrant entrepreneurs : venturing abroad in the age of globalization Robert Kloosterman and Jan Rath (editors). p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-85973-634-3 (Cloth) – ISBN 1-85973-639-4 (Paper) 1. Minority business enterprises. 2. Entrepreneurship. 3. Emigration and immigration––Economic aspects. 4. Globalization—Economic aspects. 5. Immigrants––Economic conditions. 6. Immigrants—Social conditions. 7. Multiculturalism. I. Title: Immigrant entrepreneurship in the global economy. II. Kloosterman, Robert. III. Rath, Jan, 1956– HD2358.I46 2003 338′.04′086912––dc22 2003018396 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 1 85973 634 3 (Cloth) 1 85973 639 4 (Paper) Typesetting by Avocet Typeset, Chilton, Aylesbury, Bucks. Printed in the United Kingdom by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn www.bergpublishers.com 01 IMMIGRANT ENTRE. 24/9/03 1:58 pm Page v Acknowledgements Acknowledgement of outside financial support: European Commission DG XII, Brussels European Science Foundation, Strasbourg Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies (IMES), University of Amsterdam Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Fund for Internationalizing the Social Sciences, The Hague – v– This page intentionally left blank 01 IMMIGRANT ENTRE. 24/9/03 1:58 pm Page vii Contents List of Tables and Figures ix Notes on Contributors xi Preface xvii 1 Introduction 1 Robert Kloosterman and Jan Rath 2 United States:The Entrepreneurial Cutting Edge 17 Pyong Gap Min and Mehdi Bozorgmehr 3 Canada:A False Consensus? 39 Daniel Hiebert 4 Australia:Cosmopolitan Capitalists Down Under 61 Jock Collins 5 South Africa:Creating New Spaces? 79 Sally Peberdy and Christian M. Rogerson 6 United Kingdom:Severely Constrained Entrepreneurialism 101 Giles A. Barrett, Trevor P. Jones and David McEvoy 7 The Netherlands:A Dutch Treat 123 Jan Rath and Robert Kloosterman 8 Italy:Between Legal Barriers and Informal Arrangements 147 Mauro Magatti and Fabio Quassoli 9 France:The Narrow Path 173 Emmanuel Ma Mung and Thomas Lacroix 10 Belgium:From Proletarians to Proteans 195 Ching Lin Pang 11 Austria:Still a Highly Regulated Economy 213 Regina Haberfellner 12 Germany:From Workers to Entrepreneurs 233 Czarina Wilpert Bibliography 261 Index 317 – vii– This page intentionally left blank 01 IMMIGRANT ENTRE. 24/9/03 1:58 pm Page ix List of Tables and Figures List of Tables 2.1 Immigration to the United States by decade and region of origin, 1841–1996 19 2.2 Self-employment rates for 35 largest immigrant groups, 1990 21 3.1 Immigration to Canada by class, 1995–1999 42 3.2 Self-employment by immigration status, Canada, 1996 52 3.3 Self-employment income by immigration status, Canada, 1995 tax year 53 3.4 Self-employment income in Canada and selected metropolitan areas, 1995 55 3.5 Class of entry by self-employment and income, 1980–1995 immigrants to Canada, 1995 tax year 57 4.1 Rates of entrepreneurship in Australia, selected birthplace groups, persons (1996 national census) 69 5.1 Permanent residents (immigrants),1990–1999 83 5.2 Rejected applications for permanent residence, 1990–1997 83 5.3 Number of employees and origins of 70 SMMEs owned by SADC and non-SADC nationals 93 6.1 Ethnic groups in Great Britain, 1991 103 6.2 Economic activity by ethnic group in Great Britain, 1991 105 6.3 Self-employment by ethnic group in Great Britain, 1991 108 6.4 Ethnic self-employment and unemployment at the turn of two decades 109 6.5 Sectoral distribution of ethnic-minority business in England 111 7.1 Population in the Netherlands by country of birth, 1 January 2000 128 7.2 Development of first-generation immigrant entrepreneurs in the Netherlands by country of origin, 1986–2000 130 7.3 Businesses by city, 1998 131 7.4 Distribution of immigrant and native Dutch businesses by sector (percentage) 132 7.5 Distribution of immigrant businesses by sector and by country of origin, mid-2000 133 8.1 Immigrant workers employed in non-agricultural firms by region, 1992–1996 152 – ix–
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