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Volume 58, Number 1 53 Hall,J.P.W.,D.J.Har\"EY&D.H.Janzen.Inpress.Lifehistoryof Matthew J. W. Cock, CABI Bioscience Switzerland Cahjdnastunuda,withareviewoflarvalandpupalballoonsetae Center, Rue des Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delemont, intheRiodinidae(Lepidoptera).Ann. Entomol. Soc.Amer. Harvey, D. 1987. The higher classification ofthe Riodinidae Switzerland; email: [email protected] and Jason P. VV. J. (Lepidoptera)W.Ph.D. Dissertation,UniversityofTexas,Austin. Hall,DepartmentofSystematicBiology-Entomology, JANZEN,D.H.& Hallwachs. 2003. Philosophy,navigationand NationalMuseumofNaturalHistory, Smithsonian In- iunsveeontfoarydyofnatmheicmadcartoacbaatseeq^(il"lAaCrGfaCuantae,rpainldlairtssfSoRoNdPp"l)antfsoranadn stitution, Washington, DC 20560-0127, USA; email: parasitoids, ofthe Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG). [email protected] northwesternCostaRica(http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu). Mabberley, D. 19S7. The Plant Book. Cambridge University Receivedforpublication 1ljult/2003,revisedandaccepted29Octo- J. Press,Cambridge, UK. 707pp. ber2003. Williams,R.O. 1930. Olacales. FloraTrimTob. 1(2):165-169. World AGROFORESTRY CENTRE 2003. Agroforestry database (http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org). JournaloftheLepidopterists'Society 58(1),2004,53-55 IMMATURE STAGES OFAMPHIDECTAREYNOLDSI (NYMPHALIDAE: SATYRINAE) Additionalkeywords: Bamboofeeders, Pronophilini. Immature stages ofbutterflies are increasingin im- havior and development times forall stages, and head portance as sources ofsystematic characters, and often capsules andpupal castingwerepreserved (AVLFcol- give important clues as to the placement ofspecies in lection). Taxonomic nomenclature follows Miller major groups (DeVries et al. 1985, Freitas et al. 2002). (1968) andViloria (inpress). The Satyrinae genusAmphidecta Butler, 1867 has been Description of early stages. Egg. Spherical: placed in the Pronophilini by Miller (1968), aldiough cream, withoutvisible ridges ormarks underdieoptic Viloria(2003,andinpress) removeddiegenusfromdiis microscope. Height 1.0 mm, diameter0.9 mm. Dura- tribewithoutassigningittoanyodiergroup.Thespecies tion: 5 days. inthisgenus differfrom allodierknown Pronophiliniin First instar (Figs. 1,2). Head capsule light green morphology,habitsanddistribution(Miller 1968,Viloria with atransverse dark stripe in the front and a darker pers. com.),widitwo species mostcommoninAmazon- areabetweenthepairofshortscolionvertex; fivepairs ian lowlands, and a diird species, A. reynoldsi Sharpe, ofconspicuous pointedblacksetae (Fig. 2). Headcap- 1890 (Fig. 1), recorded from low to medium elevation sule width 0.88 mm; head scoli 0.12 mm. Bodvbeige sites inthe states ofGoias, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, (light green after feeding), with short black setae; a Sao Paulo and SantaCatarina, and in the Distrito Fed- pair ofsubdorsalwhite stripes and additional longitu- eral, in Brazil. ThehabitatofA. reynoldsi is riparian for- dinal red stripes conspicuous on the last abdominal est (includingthe populations in die Cerrado biome in segments; a pair of short caudal filaments on A10. Goias,MatoGrosso, MinasGeraisandDistritoFederal), Maximum length 8.5 mm. Duration: 5 davs. anddenserainforest (SaoPauloand SantaCatarina). Second instar. Head green widi two long red di- The present paper describes die early stages of verging scoli on vertex. Head capsule widdi 1.16 mm; A. reynoldsi, comparing them with those of other scoli 1.4mm. Bodvslender, lightgreenwidi manylon- known Pronophilini. gitudinal white stripes; caudal projections salmon, Study sites and methods. Adults oi Amphidecta long,parallelandfused. Maximum lengtii 15mm. Du- reynoldsi were studied in the field in two different lo- ration: 4 days. calities in Sao Paulo State, SE Brazil: Montane forests Third instar. Head as in previous instar; widdi 1.8 in Intervales Park, Sede (Capao Bonito, 900-1100 m), mm, scoli 3.5 mm. Body slender, light bluish green andinthe riparian forestsofMonte Mor(600-650 m). with many longitudinalwhite lines; caudal projections One fertile egg was expressed from a very old wild salmon, long (similarto head scoli) parallel and fused. caughtfemale from Monte Moron 10 November2002 Maximum lengtii 25 mm. Duration: 6days. (no additional eggs were found in the abdomen). The Fourth (last) instar (Fig. 1). Headgreenwithtwo larva was reared in a plastic container cleaned daily; long diverging scoli on vertex; diese brown widi black fresh plant material was provided every two or three tips. Head capsule width 2.67 mm; scoli 5.67 mm. days (following Freitas 1991). Datawere taken on be- Bodyslender, light bluish green with manylongitudi- 54 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society Fig. 1. PartiallifecycleofAmphidectareynoldsi. Firstinstar:a,dorsal;b,lateral. Fourth (last)instar:c,dorsal;d,lateral.Pupa:e,latero- ventral. (Figs,a-efromspecimenscollectedatMonte Mor,SaoPaulo.)Adultmale:f,ventral;g,dorsal(CapaoBonito, SaoPaulo). nal white lines; spiracles as well markedwhite circles; those ofEteona tisiphone (Boisduval), a Pronophilini caudalprojections light greenwith salmon ends, long, butterfly from die mountains of SE Brazil (Freitas parallelandfused. Maximumlength38 mm. Duration: 2002). These include the general shape oflarva and 8 days. The prepupal larva is entirely green, and sus- pupa, andthe foodplant acceptedbythe larva (abam- pendedduringthe night. boo), but not the shape ofthe majorprimarysetae on Pupa (Fig. 1). Elongated, smooth, with long the headcapsule (spatulate in Eteona). These external pointedocularcaps;lightgreenwith alarcapsbordered macroscopic characters are also similartodiose found withyellow. Totallength27 mm. Duration: 8 days. in most Andean Pronophilini (M. D. Heredia unpub- Foodplants.The foodplantinthefieldisunknown, lished data), and are divergent from those found in but the larva easilyaccepted abamboo (Merostachys) most Neotropical Satyrinae, including the pronophi- from Campinas. The larva ate part ofthe egg chorion lines in die genus Pedaliodes Butler, and relatives after hatching, and was very active in all instars. In (Muller 1886, Pelz 1997, Viloria pers. com., and un- resting position, the larva usually lay along abamboo published data from 3 species). More descriptions of leaf with the head towards the leaf apex, becoming Satyrinae immatures, especially pronophilines, to- relatively inconspicuous. The rarely encountered gether with extensive comparisons among adults of adults are known from large bamboo thickets, where most Neotropicalgenera, areneededtoclarifythesys- dieyare attracted to bananabaits. tematic positionofAmphidecta withinthe Satyrinae. Discussion. Based on general aspect and habits, IwouldliketothankDr. KeithS. BrownJr.forreadingtheman- die immature stages ofA. reynoldsi areverysimilarto uscript and capturingthe female from Monte Mor, and the Fun- Volume58, Number 1 55 Freitas, A. V. L. 1991. Variacao morfologica, ciclo de vidae sis- tematica de Tegosa claudina (Eschscholtz) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Melitaeinae) no Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Rev.bras.Entomol.35:301-306. . 2002. ImmaturestagesofEteonatisiphone(Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Lepid. Soc.56(4):286-288. J. Freitas,A.V.L.,D.Murray&K.S. BrownJr. 2002. Immatures, natural history and the systematic position of Bia actorion (Nymphalidae). Lepid. Soc.56(3):117-122. J. MILLER,L. D. 1968. Thehigherclassification,phylogenyandzoo- geographyoftheSatyridae(Lepidoptera).Mem.Am.Entomol. Soc.24:iii+ 174pp. Muller, W. 1886. Sudamerikanische Nymphalidenraupen: Ver- sucheinesnaturlichenSystemsderNymphaliden.Zool.Jahrb. (Jena), 1:417-678. Pelz,V 1997. LifehistoryofPedaliodesparepafromEcuador(Lep- idoptera:Nymphalidae:Satyrinae).Trap.Lepid 8(1):41—1.5. Viloria,A.L. 2003. Historicalbiogeographyanddieoriginsofdie satyrinebutterfliesofdieTropicalAndes(Insecta:Lepidoptera, AmpFhIGi.de2c.taHreeyandolcdsaip.sule (frontal view) ofthe first instar larva of FRUh:noaLpaaplseorPscpreeercnats)i.avseI!ndleMaotCiirenrnoocanimeae,sr,iJ.cFaJa.nca&uldJte.alLdaldboeiroeCgnieteoeng-criBaafosiu,as;qUuMNeetAxsiMc(,oe,dsp.Dp).., 247-261. dacaoFlorestalforallowingfieldworkintheFazendaIntervales. I Viloria,A.L.InPress.ThePronophilini(Nymphalidae:Satyrinae): alsothankGerardoLamas,L.DanielOteroandCarlaPenzforcom- synopsisofdieirbiologyandsystematics.Trop.Lepid. 12. ments in the final version. This study was funded by Fapesp (BIOTA-FAPESPprogram,grants98/05101-8and00/01484-1)and Andre V. L. Freitas, Museu de Historia Natural bytheNationalScienceFoundation(DEB-0316505). and Departamento de Zoologia, Institute de Biologia, Literature Cited Universidade Estadualde Campinas, CP6109, Camp- DeVries,P.J.,I.J.Kitching&R.I.Vane-Wright. 1985. Thesys- inas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil tematicposition ofAntirrhea andCaerois, withcomments on the higher classification of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera). Receivedforpublication 13August2003; revisedandaccepted10 Syst.Entomol. 10:11-32. October2003. JournaloftheLepidopterists'Society 58(1),2004,55-58 DISPLAYOFTHE "PEACOCK MOTH": BRENTHIA SPP (CHOREUTIDAE: BRENTHIINAE) Additionalkeywords: Anacampsis,Cosmopterigidae,Gelechiidae,Momphidae,Tebenna,Tineidae,Tortyra. Species ofBrenthia Clemens, 1860 (Choreutidae: Meyrick, 1918, in India, Fletcher (1920:128) remarks Brenthiinae) are diurnal microlepidopterans of both that"The modus strutabout jerkilywiththe hindwings New and Old Worlds, with the majority ofthe 60-80 carried nearly at a right angle widi die forewings, so species confined to tropical areas. Several species are thatdiewings form asortofconewhenseen frombe- seen frequendyin the lowland forests ofdie Republic hindthe insect. This attitude is characteristic ofodier of Panama, where they dart about on foliage, with species ofdiis genus." His account includes an Illus- their wings held in distinctive, peacock-like displays tratedlateralviewofdiemodidisplaying. Accordingto (Fig. 1). As the name of the type species, Brenthia Robinson et al. (1994:111, 113), some species of pavonacella Clemens, 1860, suggests, "peacock" dis- Soudi-East Asian Choreutidae ". restwididie hind . . plays are common in Brenthia. wing drawn forward in front ofthe forewing. Species Descriptions ofthese displays are scattered in the ofBrenthia also move holdingdieirwings in diis pos- literature. OfB. pavonacella, in northeastern U.S.A., tureandaremimicsofjumpingspiders (Salticidae). . . . Forbes (1923:353) comments, "The moth struts about the metallic spots ofdiewingpattern representingdie on alighting, with hind wings displayed like Qhjphip- spiders eyes." teryx [Cosmopterigidae], the smaller Anacampsis The purpose ofdiis note is to further describe the [Curtis, 1827, Gelechiidae],etc."And,ofB. coronigera display and clarifycertain points pertaining to its me-