Imagining Imaging PDF
Preview Imagining Imaging
Imagining Imaging Imagining Imaging Michael R. Jackson First edition published 2022 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publish- ers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit- ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www .copyright .com or con- tact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions@ tandf. co. uk Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Jackson, Michael R., author. Title: Imagining imaging / Michael R. Jackson. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021025978 | ISBN 9780367428549 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367427825 (paperback) | ISBN 9780367855567 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Diagnostic imaging. | X-rays. Classification: LCC RC78.7.D53 J32 2022 | DDC 616.07/54--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021025978 ISBN: 9780367428549 (hbk) ISBN: 9780367427825 (pbk) ISBN: 9780367855567 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9780367855567 Typeset in Times by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................xi Author ....................................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Origins ..................................................................................................1 Cave Art Hand Stencils ........................................................................4 Aboriginal Art ......................................................................................6 The Invention of Drawing … Painting … and Relief Sculpture? ........7 Red Figure/Black Figure Pottery .........................................................9 Egyptian Orthogonal Views ...............................................................13 Quantisation .......................................................................................14 Roman Mosaics ..................................................................................15 Woven Cloth .......................................................................................15 Linear Perspective ..............................................................................18 Imaginary Cross-Section ....................................................................21 Plato’s Cave ........................................................................................23 References ..........................................................................................23 Chapter 2 The Eye’s Mind ..................................................................................27 The Scratched Visor ...........................................................................28 The Cornea and Aqueous Humour .....................................................28 The Lens .............................................................................................30 Vitreous Humour ................................................................................31 Photoreceptor cells .............................................................................31 Inverted Retinal Structure ..................................................................32 The Fovea ...........................................................................................34 The Plexiform Layer ..........................................................................35 Lateral Inhibition/Mach Bands ..........................................................36 Eye Movements ..................................................................................38 Visual Data Processing ......................................................................40 Human and Non-human Vision ..........................................................41 Flicker Fusion Rate ............................................................................43 Eye Position and Pupil Shape .............................................................44 Aphantasia/Hyperphantasia ...............................................................44 Deficits of Higher Visual Processing .................................................47 Cortical Blindness ..............................................................................47 Summary ............................................................................................48 References ..........................................................................................48 v vi Contents Chapter 3 Art, Artefact, and Artifice ..................................................................51 Écriture ...............................................................................................51 Pure Art ..............................................................................................53 Art and Artefact .................................................................................56 Lens Flare ...........................................................................................61 Off the Grid ........................................................................................63 Raindrops Keep Falling on My Non-Existent Camera ......................66 In and Out of Focus ............................................................................66 Artefact vs Artifact ............................................................................68 Lending a Hand ..................................................................................72 Linear Progression .............................................................................75 Summary ............................................................................................81 References ..........................................................................................81 Chapter 4 Maps, Mirrors, and Manipulation ......................................................85 Orientation ..........................................................................................85 The L-R Problem ................................................................................89 The Radiological Right ......................................................................92 Left Upper Lighting ...........................................................................93 Mirrors ...............................................................................................94 The 180-Degree Rule .........................................................................95 Selfies and Self-Portraits ....................................................................96 Global Maps .......................................................................................99 Tube Maps and Roadmaps ...............................................................103 Brain Atlases ....................................................................................105 The Fourth Dimension .....................................................................107 References ........................................................................................108 Chapter 5 Point of View ....................................................................................113 Windows on the World, Windows on the Body ...............................114 Anamorphosis ..................................................................................115 From Points of View to Arrow Points ..............................................118 Photosculpture ..................................................................................122 Multipoint Perspective, Cubism and the Parallax View ..................126 Cross-sectional imaging and multiplanar reformatting ...................131 POV ..................................................................................................136 If Looks Could Kill … .....................................................................139 Infinite Possibilities – Finite Resources ...........................................143 Summary ..........................................................................................144 References ........................................................................................146 Contents vii Chapter 6 Similes, Similarities, and Symbolism ..............................................149 Naming without Shaming ................................................................155 The Problem of Normality ...............................................................157 The Golden Couple: Too Much Information? ..................................160 Classification Systems/Linguistic Relativity ....................................166 Letters and Logos, Symbols and Signs ............................................167 Joining the Dots ................................................................................173 Metaphors and Motifs ......................................................................180 Anatomical Motifs ...........................................................................181 Kernels of Truth? ..............................................................................189 Intromission/Extramission ...............................................................191 Summary ..........................................................................................191 References ........................................................................................194 Chapter 7 Pictorial Review ...............................................................................199 References ........................................................................................214 Chapter 8 Imaging, Immortality, and Imagination ...........................................217 Mortality ...........................................................................................218 Immortality ......................................................................................223 Ropes, Rings, and Things ................................................................225 Ways of Viewing ..............................................................................232 “I’m Not a Robot” … Yet .................................................................237 The Human Factor ............................................................................240 The False Imaging Hierarchy ...........................................................243 The Imaging Industrial Complex? ...................................................243 Imaging Without Images? ................................................................244 Imagining Solutions .........................................................................246 References ........................................................................................247 Index ......................................................................................................................251 Foreword I am a believer of the hidden parallels between art and science. After all, most of my career has been defined by crossing the boundaries between the apparently indepen- dent disciplines. I’ve had the pleasure of knowing Dr Michael Jackson since we gave a lecture together at the Edinburgh Science Festival 2017, when he first presented his explora- tion of the relationship between visual arts and medical imaging, the key themes of which are expanded upon here. In this book Michael probes these boundaries, looking to rediscover and sub- stantiate common threads and bringing together a comprehensive overview from the early beginnings of art to present-day imaging. Examining a diverse range of artistic traditions and movements, all manner of popular culture references, and combined with insights from his own expertise as a clinical radiologist, we find links between medical imaging and creative visual representation in a wide range of unexpected arenas. Previously compartmentalised art and science topics acquire new relation- ships during Michael’s bridging analysis, observations, and debate. Imaging techniques compel us to engage with the fragility and wonder of the world around us on all levels. Can we redefine the role of art and science as the same pursuit of truth, when expressed by the artist and explained by the scientist? Hugh Turvey, HonFRPS ix
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