IMAGINING GLOBAL FUTURES Editors-in-Chief Deborah Chasman & Joshua Cohen Managing Editor and Arts Editor Adam McGee Senior Editor Matt Lord Digital Director Rosie Gillies Audience Engagement Editor Ben Schacht Manuscript and Production Editor Hannah Liberman Assistant to the Publishers Irina Costache Fellowship Coordinator Jasmine Parmley Contributing Editors Adom Getachew, Lily Hu, Walter Johnson, Robin D. G. Kelley, Paul Pierson, & Becca Rothfeld Contributing Arts Editors Ed Pavlić & Ivelisse Rodriguez Black Voices in the Public Sphere Fellows Maya Jenkins & N’Kosi Oates Editorial Assistant Helga Edström Finance Manager Anthony DeMusis III Printer Sheridan PA Board of Advisors Derek Schrier (Chair), Archon Fung, Deborah Fung, Richard M. Locke, Jeff Mayersohn, Jennifer Moses, Scott Nielsen, Robert Pollin, Rob Reich, Hiram Samel, Kim Malone Scott, & Brandon M. Terry Interior Graphic Design Zak Jensen & Alex Camlin Cover Design Alex Camlin Printed and bound in the United States. Imagining Global Futures is Boston Review Forum 24 (47.4) “Freedom Dreaming” is adapted from the twentieth-anniversary edition of Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination by Robin D. G. Kelley (Beacon Press, 2022). Reprinted with permission from Beacon Press. To become a member, visit Boston Review bostonreview.net/membership/ PO Box 390568 Cambridge, ma 02139 For questions about donations and major gifts, contact Rosie Gillies, [email protected] issn: 0734-2306 / isbn: 978-1-946511-74-4 For questions about memberships, call 877-406-2443 Authors retain copyright of their own work. or email [email protected]. © 2022, Boston Critic, Inc. CONTENTS Editors’ Note Adom Getachew, Deborah Chasman, & Joshua Cohen 5 My Grandfather Was a Virus Caio Kaufman 8 Escape from the Closed Loop Eli Friedman 10 Dreams of Green Hydrogen Daniela Gabor & Ndongo Samba Sylla 26 Decolonizing Food Raj Patel 41 A World Without Borders Harsha Walia 54 Freedom, Not Benefits Heather Berg 71 Designing the Future in Palestine Noura Erakat 84 Kaitiakitanga Sascha Stronach 101 Labor’s Militant Minority Mie Inouye 111 The Lifeblood of Iranian Democracy Nojang Khatami 124 How to Fight Digital Colonialism Toussaint Nothias 139 Extending “Southern” Urbanisms AbdouMaliq Simone 149 If Not Here, When? Julie Michelle Klinger 161 Beyond the Nation-State Aslı Bâli & Omar Dajani 178 Freedom Dreaming Robin D. G. Kelley 196 Contributors 213 EDITORS’ NOTE Adom Getachew, Deborah Chasman, & Joshua Cohen the global present is wracked by crisis. War in Ukraine and Ethiopia draws on. Climate change becomes ever more dire. Public health remains fragile, and the toll of human displacement continues to rise. Boston Review’s volume on Global Dystopias appeared five years ago, but the title may seem even more resonant today. Should we resign ourselves to despair? On the one hand, the challenges we face represent the exhaustion of twentieth-century political formations—the arrangements that got us here in the first place. On the other hand, they have prompted a remarkable upsurge in popular mobilization on behalf of a more just world. Here, this volume contends, our imagination of global futures must begin. Twenty years ago historian Robin D. G. Kelley wrote of the “freedom dreams” at the heart of the Black radical imagination. To- day we are witnessing a revitalization of those energies. The 2020 5 uprisings in the United States—the largest protests in the nation’s history—demonstrate the vitality of multiracial opposition to police violence and the carceral state. The young people leading Nigeria’s #EndSARS movement have forged their own decentralized move- ment against police killings and a hollowed-out democracy. Digital activists in India successfully defended net neutrality while farmers continue to fight corporate exploitation. And in Iran women are at the forefront of the greatest outpouring of antiauthoritarian protest in a decade. Inspired by these and many other visions of popular politics around the globe, this volume draws together a diverse range of contributors to suggest alternative trajectories, novel institutions, and promising avenues out of the dead ends. The futures they imagine are necessarily multiple. Some focus on global cooperation in building renewable energy infrastructures, abolishing border militarization, and reining in the exploitative power of international finance. Others counterpose indigenous movements in the Global South to the hegemony of the Global North, looking to their distinctive histories and conditions both as experiences that must be reckoned with on their own terms and as models that nevertheless hold lessons for the fight for justice everywhere. One contributor casts doubt on the nation-state as the inevitable result of decolonization and the only possible institutional form of self-determination; another describes the ways that cities in the Global South are fashioning new ways of living together. Several explore resistance to new forms of power over workers—forms that are decisively reshaping the contours of international struggles for labor justice. Getachew, Chasman, & Cohen Collectively these essays provide reason for hope, and resources for action, amidst today’s apparent impasses. Refusing both a retreat into nihilism and a leap to the utopian, guided by organizers and activists as well as everyday acts of survival, they locate real openings, map possible horizons, and glimpse promising paths forward. The future is global, they make clear, and it is up to us to achieve it together. Imagining Global Futures 7 MY GRANDFATHER WAS A VIRUS poetry by Caio Kaufman Some say he arrived on a bat’s wing, stopping here and there to nibble on a finger. He swept into naïve airfields— (Not his choice really but he caught the blame.) Less than a water drop in a trade wind, They asked if he crossed by accident or skill. His arms were a shuffling set of gears. His guts were a tangled set of springs. His tenements were the tenements. The cellblocks were his homestead, the frayed fabric was a field for his needling. The streets were not safe with him lurking about.