Imaging in Clinical Oncology PDF
Preview Imaging in Clinical Oncology
Athanasios D. Gouliamos John A. Andreou Paris A. Kosmidis Editors Imaging in Clinical Oncology 123 Imaging in Clinical Oncology Athanasios D. Gouliamos John A. Andreou Paris A. Kosmidis • Editors Imaging in Clinical Oncology 123 Editors Athanasios D.Gouliamos Paris A.Kosmidis Aretaieion Hospital,National and Medical Oncology Department KapodistrianUniversity ofAthens Hygeia Hospital Athens Athens Greece Greece JohnA.Andreou ImagingDepartment Hygeia andMitera Hospitals Athens Greece ISBN 978-88-470-5384-7 ISBN 978-88-470-5385-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-88-470-5385-4 SpringerMilanHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013948442 (cid:2)Springer-VerlagItalia2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthis legalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterial suppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,for exclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofis permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its currentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsfor use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesare exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateof publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty, expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) This book is dedicated to all cancer patients and their families. We are grateful to our teachers and thankful to our staff. Preface Over the past four decades, Radiology has seen tremendous growth. Similarly, the progress that Oncology has made recently is exceptional andthemultidisciplinaryapproachforeachcancerpatientismandatory to ensure a longer and better life. Radiologists may consider that without their contribution, timely detectionoftumorsandhenceeffectivetherapeuticinterventionwouldbe deemed impossible. Oncologists should understand the potential appli- cations,limitations andadvantagesofimagingtechniquesand theradi- ologist should have adequate knowledge of the pathology, prognosis, clinicalinformation,andtreatmentoptionsfordifferenttypesoftumors. Improved survival rates are attributable to a great extent to the transformation of both disciplines. Medical imaging is nowadays an integral and indispensable part of the approach to oncologic patients. The clinician and the radiologist are complementary and, as such, they should interact and comprehend each other’s language. The aforemen- tioned evolution has rendered medical imaging a clinical specialty, and clinical oncology an imaging-dependent discipline. These key points are elucidated and elaborated in an all-inclusive oncology imaging textbook that will be beneficial for radiologists and clinicians alike, integrating a language comprehensible to both. New technological advances in Radiology along with the progress that has been made in Molecular Oncology and personalized treatment have brought together the physicians of the two specialties to work in the multidisciplinary team against cancer. Similarly, collaboration of the radiologist and the radiotherapy oncologist is mandatory. All technically sophisticated radiotherapy treatmentsaresafeandeffective,providedanaccurateassessmentofthe gross tumor volume has been made. This book, Imaging in Clinical Oncology, is written with the purpose of highlighting the benefit that arises as a result of the radiologist– oncologist communication within the multidisciplinary team providing cancer care. The book begins with general principles such as molecular imaging, imagingcriteriafortumorresponse,oncologicimaginginradiotherapy, interventional radiology in oncology, and imaging in pediatric oncology. vii viii Preface Thegreatmajorityoftumorsarethenpresentedinauniformfashion. The clinical oncologist begins with an introduction of each type of tumor. All relevant imaging techniques necessary for the prevention, diagnosis, staging, response evaluation, and follow-up of the particular tumor are then assessed by expert radiologists. Finally, the clinical oncologist provides an analysis of the treatment implications, useful- ness, sequence, and combination of the imaging techniques presented. Quantitative imaging data combined with laboratory biomarkers can help the clinical oncologist to recognize at the earliest possible time whether the applied treatment is ineffective so that therapy can be modified. Itisoursincerehopethatthatthisbookwillserveasaguidethrough which radiologists and clinicians can rapidly acquire the basic knowl- edge essential to oncologic daily practice. Athens, November 2013 Athanasios D. Gouliamos John A. Andreou Paris A. Kosmidis Acknowledgements The editors would like to express their gratitude to the authors of this book for their enthusiasm and commitment to the text’scompletion, as well as the staff of Springer Verlag Italia, Milan for their continuous support. We offer our thanks especially to Antonella Cerri who has guided this edition from the first steps. Our sincere thanks also go to Juliette Ruth Kleemann and Corinna Parravicini for their contribution inthepreprintprocess.L.SundariandR.NaliniGyaneshwarprovided outstanding book production services. Also we are indebted to the technical staff, of the Radiology Departments of‘‘Aretaieio’’University Hospital and‘‘Hygeia’’Hospital for their tireless devotion to excellence in their daily work. FinallywewouldliketothankStellaVoudouri,SofiaKelekidouand Vivi Triantaphilou for their secretarial assistance. ix Contents Part I Introduction to Oncologic Imaging 1 Molecular Imaging in Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 George N. Sfakianakis 2 Imaging Criteria for Tumor Treatment Response Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Arkadios Chr. Rousakis and John A. Andreou 3 Imaging in Radiation Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Despina M. Katsochi, Panayiotis Ch. Sandilos and Chryssa I. Paraskevopoulou 4 Interventional Radiology in Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Michael K. Glynos and Katerina S. Malagari 5 Imaging Principles in Pediatric Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Georgia Ch. Papaioannou and Kieran J. McHugh Part II Bone and soft Tissue Tumors 6 Introduction to Soft Tissue Sarcomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Ioannis P. Boukovinas 7 Introduction to Bone Sarcomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Ioannis D. Papanastassiou and Nikolaos S. Demertzis 8 Introduction to Retroperitoneal Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Dionysis C. Voros and Theodosios C. Theodosopoulos 9 Conventional Radiology of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Spyros D. Yarmenitis 10 US-CT-MRI Findings: Staging-Response-Restaging of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Andreas P. Koureas xi xii Contents 11 Positron Emission Tomography in Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Sofia N. Chatziioannou and Nikoletta K. Pianou 12 Clinical Implications of Soft Tissue Sarcomas . . . . . . . . . . 105 Ioannis P. Boukovinas 13 Clinical Implications of Bone Sarcomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Ioannis D. Papanastassiou and Nikolaos S. Demertzis 14 Clinical Implications of Retroperitoneal Sarcomas. . . . . . . 113 Dionysis C. Voros and Theodosios C. Theodosopoulos Part III CNS Tumors 15 Introduction to Brain Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Panagiotis V. Nomikos and Ioannis S. Antoniadis 16 Conventional Imaging in the Diagnosis of Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Athanasios D. Gouliamos and Nicholas J. Patronas 17 Diagnostic Issues in Treating Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Nicholas J. Patronas 18 Tumors of the Spinal Cord and Spinal Canal . . . . . . . . . . 145 Athanasios D. Gouliamos and Nicholas J. Patronas 19 Advanced MRI Techniques in Brain Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . 151 Stefanos V. Lachanis 20 PET/CT: Is There a Role? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Julia V. Malamitsi 21 Clinical Implications of Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Panagiotis V. Nomikos and Ioannis S. Antoniadis Part IV Lung Cancer 22 Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Paris A. Kosmidis 23 Lung Cancer Screening in High-Risk Patients with Low-Dose Helical CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Despina I. Savvidou
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