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Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells: Live Cell Imaging of Cellular Elements and Functions PDF

543 Pages·2012·17.08 MB·English
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Preview Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells: Live Cell Imaging of Cellular Elements and Functions

METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY Editors-in-Chief JOHN N. ABELSON MELVIN I. SIMON AND Division of Biology California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Founding Editors SIDNEY P. COLOWICK NATHAN O. KAPLAN AND AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA 32JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY,UK Firstedition2012 Copyright#2012,ElsevierInc.AllRightsReserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinany formorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthe priorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartment inOxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865853333;email:permissions@ elsevier.com.AlternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierwebsiteat http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselectingObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or propertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperation ofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.Becauseofrapid advancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrug dosagesshouldbemade ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteatelsevierdirect.com ISBN:978-0-12-388448-0 ISSN:0076-6879 PrintedandboundinUnitedStatesofAmerica 12 13 14 15 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C ONTRIBUTORS EricAlonas Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA EnniBertling NeuroscienceCenter,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland ManojKumarBhat National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind,Pune,India SameeraBilgrami DepartmentofPathology,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,California,USA PhilippeBirembaut INSERM, UMRS 903; Universite´ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, and CHU Reims,HoˆpitalMaisonBlanche,Reims,France ArnaudBonnomet INSERM, UMRS 903, and Universite´ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France MarioBrameshuber Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr., Linz, and InstituteofAppliedPhysics,ViennaUniversityofTechnology,WiednerHauptstr., Wien,Austria RolandBrandt DepartmentofNeurobiology,UniversityofOsnabru¨ck,Osnabru¨ck,Germany MarekCebecauer Department of Biophysics, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry ASCR, Prague,CzechRepublic AchilleCittadini Facolta` di Medicina e Chirurgia “A. Gemelli,” Istituto di Patologia Generale and Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche “Giovanni XXIII,” Universita` Cattolica del SacroCuore,Rome,Italy Je´roˆmeCutrona INSERM, UMRS 903, and Universite´ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France xiii xiv Contributors DamienD’Amours InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada JonasDorn InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada RoyEdward BiostatusLtd,Shepshed,Leicestershire,UnitedKingdom AnneGauthier-Kemper DepartmentofNeurobiology,UniversityofOsnabru¨ck,Osnabru¨ck,Germany SubhasriGhosh NationalCentreforBiologicalScience,Bangalore,India DebanjanGoswami1 NationalCentreforBiologicalScience,Bangalore,India MathiasHafner Institut fu¨r Medizintechnologie der Universita¨t Heidelberg und Hochschule Mannheim,Mannheim,Germany PirtaHotulainen NeuroscienceCenter,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland ZhenHuang Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,USA JanaHumpol´ıcˇkova´ Department of Biophysics, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry ASCR, Prague,CzechRepublic AntoineJonquet INSERM, UMRS 903, and Universite´ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France JeenahJung Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA TomKirchhausen Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Immune Disease InstituteandPrograminCellularandMolecularMedicineatChildren’sHospital, Boston,Massachusetts,USA 1 Presentaddress:StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Stanford,California,USA Contributors xv MikkoKoskinen NeuroscienceCenter,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland ComertKural Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Immune Disease InstituteandPrograminCellularandMolecularMedicineatChildren’sHospital, Boston,Massachusetts,USA Anne-MarieLadouceur InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada BoyangziLi Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University,Bronx,NewYork,USA AaronW.Lifland Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA StephenJ.Lippard Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,USA AmyS.Maddox InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada PaulS.Maddox InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada NancyMarcus-Gueret DepartmentofBiology,TrinityWesternUniversity,Langley,andDepartmentof Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia,Canada SatyajitMayor NationalCentreforBiologicalScience,Bangalore,India LawrenceW.Miller DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofIllinoisatChicago,Chicago,Illinois,USA FeiyanMock Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University,Bronx,NewYork,USA MarcoMongillo VenetianInstituteofMolecularMedicine,ViaOrus2,Padua,Italy xvi Contributors SusanaR.Neves DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemTherapeutics,FriedmanBrainInstitute, Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NewYork,NewYork,USA MayumiNishi DepartmentofAnatomyandCellBiology,NaraMedicalUniversity,Nara,Japan WojciechP.Pawlowski Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NewYork,USA PaulR.Pryor CentreforImmunologyandInfection,HullYorkMedicalSchoolandDepartment ofBiology,UniversityofYork,York,UnitedKingdom HarshaE.Rajapakse DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofIllinoisatChicago,Chicago,Illinois,USA LauraRamsay Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia,Canada RajeshRanjan InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada HeryRatsima InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada Hans-Ju¨rgenReyher Department of Experimental Physics, University of Osnabru¨ck, Osnabru¨ck, Germany PetraRohrbach InstituteofParasitology,McGillUniversity,Quebec,Canada Jere´mieRossy CentreforVascularResearch,UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,Australia Ru¨digerRudolf Institut fu¨r Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz1,Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen,Germany SuvrajitSaha NationalCentreforBiologicalScience,Bangalore,India Contributors xvii PhilipJ.Santangelo Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA GerhardJ.Schu¨tz Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr., Linz, and InstituteofAppliedPhysics,ViennaUniversityofTechnology,WiednerHauptstr., Wien,Austria KristopherL.Schmidt DepartmentofBiology,TrinityWesternUniversity,Langley,andDepartmentof Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia,Canada MonikaSchweigel-Ro¨ntgen ResearchUnitNutritionalPhysiology“OskarKellner,”LeibnizInstituteforFarm AnimalBiology(FBN),Dummerstorf,Germany RobinM.Shaw Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, SanFrancisco,California,USA MoiraJ.Sheehan NatureSourceGenetics,Ithaca,NewYork,USA JamesW.Smyth Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, SanFrancisco,California,USA EveG.Stringham DepartmentofBiology,TrinityWesternUniversity,Langley,andDepartmentof Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia,Canada ChristineTerryn Universite´ deReimsChampagneArdenne,andIFR53,Reims,France ValentinaTrapani Facolta` di Medicina e Chirurgia “A. Gemelli,” Istituto di Patologia Generale and Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche “Giovanni XXIII,” Universita` Cattolica del SacroCuore,Rome,Italy MaleppillilVavachanVijayakumar National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind,Pune,India NaokiWatanabe LaboratoryofSingle-MoleculeCellBiology,TohokuUniversityGraduateSchool ofLifeSciences,Aoba-ku,Sendai,Miyagi,Japan xviii Contributors CarinaWeissmann DepartmentofNeurobiology,UniversityofOsnabru¨ck,Osnabru¨ck,Germany WendyC.Wenderski DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemTherapeutics,FriedmanBrainInstitute, Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NewYork,NewYork,USA FedericaI.Wolf Facolta` di Medicina e Chirurgia “A. Gemelli,” Istituto di Patologia Generaleand Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche “Giovanni XXIII,” Universita` Cattolica del SacroCuore,Rome,Italy PengWu Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University,Bronx,NewYork,USA Jean-MarieZahm INSERM, UMRS 903; IFR53, and CHU Reims, Hoˆpital Maison Blanche, Reims,France ChiaraZurla Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA P REFACE Going back to the dawn of light microscopy, imaging techniques have provided the opportunity for developing models of cellular function. Over the past 40 years, the availability of technology for high-resolution imaging and for evaluation of those images in live cells has extended our reach and, accordingly, our ability to understand cell function. Given the largenumberofchoicesinequipmentandapproaches,sortingoutthebest approach can be challenging, even to seasoned investigators. The present volumes provide descriptions of methods used to image living cells, with particular reference to the technical approaches and reagents needed and approaches to selecting the best techniques. The authorsexplainhowthesemethodsareabletoprovideimportantbiological insights in normal and pathological cells. Authorswereselectedbasedonresearchcontributionsintheareaabout which they have written and based on their ability to describe their meth- odological contribution in a clear and reproducible way. They have been encouragedtomakeuseofgraphics,comparisonstoothermethods,andto providetricksandapproachesnotrevealedinpriorpublicationsthatmakeit possible to adapt methods to other systems. The editor wants to express appreciation to the contributors for providing their contributions in a timely fashion, to the senior editors for guidance, and to the staff at Academic Press for helpful input. P. MICHAEL CONN xix M E ETHODS IN NZYMOLOGY VOLUMEI.PreparationandAssayofEnzymes EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN VOLUMEII.PreparationandAssayofEnzymes EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN VOLUMEIII.PreparationandAssayofSubstrates EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN VOLUMEIV.SpecialTechniquesfortheEnzymologist EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN VOLUMEV.PreparationandAssayofEnzymes EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN VOLUMEVI.PreparationandAssayofEnzymes(Continued) PreparationandAssayofSubstrates SpecialTechniques EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN VOLUMEVII.CumulativeSubjectIndex EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN VOLUMEVIII.ComplexCarbohydrates EditedbyELIZABETHF.NEUFELDANDVICTORGINSBURG VOLUMEIX.CarbohydrateMetabolism EditedbyWILLISA.WOOD VOLUMEX.OxidationandPhosphorylation EditedbyRONALDW.ESTABROOKANDMAYNARDE.PULLMAN VOLUMEXI.EnzymeStructure EditedbyC.H.W.HIRS VOLUMEXII.NucleicAcids(PartsAandB) EditedbyLAWRENCEGROSSMANANDKIVIEMOLDAVE VOLUMEXIII.CitricAcidCycle EditedbyJ.M.LOWENSTEIN VOLUMEXIV.Lipids EditedbyJ.M.LOWENSTEIN VOLUMEXV.SteroidsandTerpenoids EditedbyRAYMONDB.CLAYTON xxi

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