Images of the Medieval Peasant

241 Pages·1999·34.528 MB·English

by  Paul Freedman

'FigurREaADeIN:G MEDIEVAL CULTURE READING MEDIEVAL CULTURE
HISTORY
Imgaeso ft hMee diePveaals ant
PAUL FREEDMAN
Thmee dicelveaarlrg iys,t aonccdro amcmye,rc cliataselsn edtseo rd e gpaerads ants
aso bjeocfct osn teamndpdet r iIsnri eolni.wg riiotusisan tgissre,er smc,oh nrso,n i­
claensad,r triesptriecs epnetaasotaiftnoetannsps p eaasdr ierdfot oyl,id sihs,h onest,
eveanss ubhuomrba ens tTihaellio.rw lwiancseo smsm only arsaen gaatrudreadl
coroolftl haderr yu dogfet rhyea igrr ictuolitlu.r al
Yeattt, h sea mtei mtehp,ee asawnantsor vtyi ewaes"d o thientr hm"ea nnoefr
othceorn demgnreodus pusca,hsJ ewlse,p ers, orMt uhiseml aigmi"snm,eo dn ­
strroaucsoe fts h"Ee a sSte.v ecrraulcc hiaarla cotfet rhpiees atsiarcnestn rdiyet r ed
lecslse aarllifreyon mt heel ipteer spepcetaisvwaeen:rtne so a tm inortihteyi,r
woriknt hfiee lndosu riaslohlte hsde� r.o Kridaealrn sdm,,o sitm portthaewnyet r,e
ChrisItnoi tahnreser.s ppeecatssca,on utblserd e gaarsmd eerdi tobryvi iorutsu e
oft hesiirm lpilpfere o,d uwcotriakvn,eud n jsuusffte artti hnhega nodfts h eeixr­
ploistoicsviueap le rTihoeurinsrr. e wasradceradin fpdii cewete yra els soom etimes
thoutgoph ltat cheec ml otsoGe orda nmdo rlei kteowl iysn a lvation.
Thibso oekx amitnheecsso en fliimctaigonefpgs e asfraontmts h peo s.t -
Carolipnegritiaootn dh G ee rmPaena sWaanrtI.srt 'e ltahtreee sp reseonft ation
peastaodn etbsaa tbeohsuo tws ocsiheotubyel o dr gan(iszpeedc itfohi ochwau l­ly,
mane quaaltCi rteya lteitdoos n u bordihnoawst liaoavnen)srd,ey r fcdooumbl ed
assaoirdl eefde nadnehddo ,wp eastahnetmss setlrvuecsat nujdru esdt tihfieeidr
demands.
Thouigwtha asr gutehdpa eta swaenrltees g itismuabtjeublgyyar teeaodsfo n
natourrs eo mper imocrudri(saseula c sth h oafNt o aahg aihnisssot Hn a mt)h,e re
waasl csoon siduenreaaabsbleoeh u otwt heex ploiotfta htowishoeonw erneo t
complaeltieelny-w wehraoeft ,ea rlC lh,r istiabnese -xcpoluaLliadnm eedn.t s
ovepre assaunffte arsei xnpgr eisnts hleeid t ermaitghuhartvae se t ylqiuzaeldi ty,
butth bioso skh ohwoswt hewye raep proparnisdah taepbdeyp d e astahnetms­
selevsepse,c iinta hllela yr ger-esbcealtllheiac othn asr actthelera iMtzieed dd le
Ages.
FIGURA£R:E ADINGM EDIEVALC ULTURE
PALU FREDEMANi Psr ofoefHs issotraoYt r ayUl nei versity
·Jacikleltu sAtrt arrtieeoepn :r etshseeon cetisialtnW agot oedsec.nu gtr baytv hiPene gt rarch
MasFtreoPrme. t r-Vaoderrn Ac rtzhn,eyb ayGdelru( cAku g1s5b3fou2lr1).g7R, ,re .p rbiynted
permoitfsh sNeie oYwno P rukb LliibcAr satry,o ra,n TdLi elFndooeuxnn, d Sapteinocnesr,
ColleNceYtwoi Croiknt ,Py h.oc troeR doibtDe:.Rr utb NieeYw,o Crikt y.
Imaes
g
oft hMee dieval
Peasant
PaFurle edman
StanUfonridv ePrrseSisttsay,n Cfoarldi,fo 1r9n9i9a,
'Er
StanUfonridv ePrrseistsy Bonnaisae ly,ws a
StanCfaolridfo,r nia
© 199b9yt hBeo aorfTd r usotfte hees
LelJaunndUi noirv ersity
Prinitnte hUden iStteadot Afem se rica
CIPd aatpap aettah ree n odft hbeo ok
Preface
Inp repaas rtiunodgfhy o pwe aswaenrrtees p reisnte hnMeti edddA lgeeI s ,
havseo liacniedtx epdlt ohiaetd evadin ckden owloefmd agnseyc hoMlya rs.
expecrewi ieItnbhe rriuarhnai lsw taotsrh syet imtuoal suqksu esatbioounts
hopwe asmaingtbhsest i multaneoaunsydle tyth oduoegfash pspta i rsteidc ­
ulacrllotysoG e o dI.ne xpantdhsiecn ogop fme yi nqutiotr hryee osfEt u ­
ropaen,id na ttemtpout sileni gt errealriaygn,iad or utssi,os utriIhcc ae vse,
trespparsosbreaadbt,lah ywe krw aornnd elfwyi ,e Ilh dasv.e sbaevfeerndo m
·maneyr rbouritsn,;s aomsfai rs takes aprmeeyrfa suirlsattt t,hh etatrhnh eey
faulotft howsheso og enersohuasrleyed x ptehwreititmirhes T .eh ifso rmu­
latoifgo rna t,ia tlutdhcoeoungvhe nitpsia orntailmc,eu alnairtnlomgy efu l
ina ttemapl tairsngugeb rtj heatcnht o Ihs aepd r eviuonudselryt aken.
Iw ouflidlr istktote h aGnakb rSipeileDlgaeev Nlii,dr enJboehFrnrg i,e d­
manY,u Breis smPeerttHenaryi ,ad nuTd,e6 fRiuliowz h,ro e tahdr otuhgeh
manusactvr airpsitot uaasgn eodsf fseurgegde tsoct hiaonnnogsote n playr ­
ticpualsasrba ugtteh oser dienwr h itchhae r gumoeftn htwi osr ikcs o n­
struMcytV eadn.d erbilLta rCcrroyial snlJtdeo aHegalur ersi anlgrsteooa nd
substpaonrttiiinmao alnn su sPcrroifpCetrs.ips sootir n mtete odw maorrde
up-tou-sodefFa rteeln icthyee rvairdaennPdcr eo,fe Hsasrorri onffgetroend
mee xtrevmaelluya blient haaerd eovafGis ec rem hains atnotdrh yhe i story
ofs pilrii.Htt eyulamSumtia tnhMd i chBaeesalsl o,sf Vo a ndeHribsitlotr'ys
Departpmreonvctio,dm epda rativaen idin nsfoirgmhattsi.o n
Ane spelcairadgleelbio ystw etdoY uBreis smwehrotwsnoeyro ,kn t he
peasaavsn itesbw yet dhc eh ivcallwarasiasscne arilnys pitroma etG.ii olne s
Constianbtlreom detu omc aendky ew yo roknts h e subjeecstp,e ­including
ciatlhlooysfB e e ssmaenrJdto nnTyih nip.sr owjaefsci tcr osntc ediuvreidn g
thaec adyeem1ai9rc8 6w-h8i7Ics, hp eanttth I en stfoirAt duvtaenS cteudd y,
anIdr etnaoiotnn lhya pmpeym oroifte hspa etr biuoatds trsoenngos fe
Prefaxc e Prefacxei
gratfiotPrur doef Ceosnssotraa dbvlaienc'edesn couratgheeamnneo dnv te r yeabrusIta, m e specgiraaltfoleryfu lgh eenre hreowluipst t hhm ey tohfos r i­
thien teryveeanrisn.g gionfp eopalnendsa tiToomn Ssc.o atntPd e taenrRd e naBtlei clkemldee
It haDnakv Ri.dL .H eaolftd h Uen iveorfKs einfottryh ipse rmission tou nderstando fts hoiemd eebtaehshi itnnhgGde e rmPaena sWaanrot fs '
tou saen tdoc ihtieUs n iveorfLs ointdydo ins serTthPaeet aisoinan n tM e­ 15J2o5.hB na ldewnicno umreaa gnerdde asedv eral ppraorjtes cto.f this
dieGvearlmL aint erRaetaularineLsd:im t eTrraardyi ticno.5n 0a-lIi4s0m0,, Io waeg redaetbf tot rh aed viecxep,e ratniedsn et,h uosfiN aasnmc y
whiwcahis n valtuoma ebf loiert d si scuosffs aivoonar naudbn lfea vorable Younmgyc, o peyd iatnotdroV , ci toVreilaws hodorr, e uwpt hien dfoertx h is
represeonfpt eaatsiEaolnnitszs Ta.rab veetgrhes nee raolulsomlwyete ods ee book.
hedro ctdoirsasle orntt ahNteei iodnph oaerimtnas d vaonfic tpesu blication, Reseoanrt chihem agoefps e aswaanmsta sdp eo ssbiygb rlaefrn otmts h e
asw ealsalc onfepraepnoecnpre e asvainotli entn hceeps oee mIsnm. yp re­ VandeUrnbiivletRr essietCayor ucnhac nitdlh A em eriPchlaionsh oipcSaol­
sentoaftti hcoeon m pqlueexs toifao tntsr ibuitnitoenr pasrnhecdeto art­ion cieitnty ha ec adeymeia1c9r 9 0a-n9fd1r otmhJ eo hSni mGoung genheim
MemorFioauln diant1i 9o9n4I -a 9ma5 l.gs roa tteotf huEelc odleeHs a utes
recntuemde rmoiusst tahkaaertso f sreot mhp eo puloafNr eiitdyah natdrh te
consepqruoelnitf oefhr iiasmt iitoant ors. EtudeenSs c ieSnocceisfa oslrue psp oaro tnien-gm voinsttiohFt r anicne
Fotrh ehierlw pi tmha tefrrioaHmlu ngIao rwyae l ardgeebt toJ anos 1995 thamtet oca olnlsomuwalentdu scirnPi apratinsTsd r oyaenstd,ot he
Baakn d GKalbaonriT chzewaioyrr.o k nt hHeu ngariano f1r 5ea1bn4ed l lion SpanMiisnhi osfFt orrye Aifgfna iarr se sfoefrae rlclhoi wn1s 9h9i4p.
itbsa ckgrhoabusen eodnfv iitmaplo rttoma enT.ch ee y shared their knoAwslp­eocftt hspi rso jweecrpter eseantatn eudm boefcr o nfereanncde s,
edgaenp do inmteie ntd h dei reocfut nidoenr stala intdeiwrniagtt hu rweh ich thceo mmeonfmt asn pye opwlheoa ttesnhdaepdmey rd e seaanrcdco hr ­
Iw apsr eviously enTthielra eFtlaeyt Ghueendrfae Gmoainl0l ,.i F.aMr.., recdtuebdi ionutse rpraentodau ttiroingshI tt heatrnhrkoo wsrhesoh . e ard
PaSupla eatnhRd,e gWao oadl hseol mpeew di tthhs ee rmoofOn ssw aolfd papgeirvsae ttn h Reu ssAicaand eomfSy c ieMnocsecsoi,wn 1, 9 9a2tt; h e
Lastkhohe,e aodft hHeu ngarian iFntr hapene criisocda unlptse ot a hdei ng mediceovnaglr aeKtsa sleasm ianz1 o9ao9n,31d 9 9a5na,dLt e eidn1s 9,9 a4t;
Hungarianw arpF.eo ars amnatt erial rBeoghmaeiraIdt, ih nagn km edievatlh Fer enHcihs toSrtiucdmaielee sto if1n 9g9 a4n;ad tt hIen stfoirtH uitse­
LiWsoal verton. torRiecsaela Lrocnhd,io n1n 9,9 I5a .lp sroe sepnatpeoednrt shm ee dieval
Int hfiee lodfas r t Eanngdll iisthe raanfotdur ar lmela, n noefmr e dieval peasaantYt arlPyer 'osg irnAa gmr aSrtiuadn(i 1e9sa9 t3t )hU,en iveorfs ity
loirnev olpveiansgIaa nmtg sr,e aitnldyet botM eidc hCaaemli alnlJdeo hn CalifaotSr annBitaaar b(a1r9aa9 n4ad)tH , a rv(a1r9dI9 a 5m)v .e grrya teful
FriedTmhaeonyf. f emreae idad ts evpeoriainlntt shl iosnp gr ojIewtci tl.l toJ iSmc oSthta,rF oanr mTehro,m Baiss soZni,o lJkaoanwn tsdhk eici,or l ­
becoqmuei cokblvyit ootu hrsee ahdoemwru cIho wteot hebioroa knsad r ­ leagfourte hsei snev itations.
ticolnre esp reseonfpt eaatsliaaonbnatosn r cd h araancodtn ec ro nnections FinaIlw liyst,hoe xprmeyds ese gpr atittoVu adned eUrnbiivletr sity,
amotnhgve a riwoauyossfd escroiubticpnaegso tpa lnetdsh eoirri gIai mn s. wheIrt ea ufgrhot1m 9 7u8n t1i9l9M 7y.w orwka asl wgaeynse rsouups­ly
alvseogr rya tteoJf ouhPlnl ummSetre,Jv uesnt TihceSeau, m merafnide ld, porbtyet dhV ea ndeardbmiilnti satnrIdba etnieoifnmi,mt eendfs reotlmhy e
Douglas fMotorhf eifinarst itag nhadtd svw iictrehe gtaoEr ndg lliisthe rary learannicdno gm poanfmy yc olleagues.
anhdi storiacntadoLl i atVneaaxr twdshi o,ws oer okn pelaasbiaonenr at r ly P.F.
modearrhnta b se einn spirEaltlKieaonnn oawalin.Rtd oz b ert mBaadled win
seviemrpaolr tant asnurdge gfeemsrettr ioeood tn hsset ru doifse isx teenth­
ansde vetnht-eceenanrattnu tdrh yse t yolfpe osr trrauyrliainlfg e .
Foars siswtiatHnhec bert eewxe tssp,e ctihaoclsoleny c ewrintNehod a h's
curasgea iHnasmIt,t haAnlke xaCnudfrfSaet !eB,ve en iannB,de njamin
BrauTdhele.a twtaeasrl k sione dn outgosh h awrietm heh irse seoanmr ec­h
dietvraalv aenlgdee rosg raPphhielBriuspae.pi edm eewd i trhe gtaoBr idb li­
caclo mmenatnatdrh iepeiosrl iatnisdco acilim apll icPahytliRlooinbsse .r ts
helpmeegd r eawtiltsyhe rmaonntdsh weo rokfS tepLhaenng tSouns.a n
Reynhoalosdf sf eurseeadfd uvli ccea rarenefdau dloi fmn ywg o rokv mearn y
Contents
LiosIftl lustxvrations
AN otoenTr anslaxvtiiions
Abbrevixaitxi ons
IntrodMuacrtgiioannna:Cdl e inttyro afPl eiatsya1 n ts
PaIr.tP E ASANLTA BORA ND A HIERARCHICSAOLC IETY
ChapI. tPeera sLaanbaton rtd h Lei moifMt ust ua1l.5i ty
ChaptTehrBe r eakodfo wMnu tLuaamleinttys:
2.
ovtehrMe i streoafPt emaesna4tn0 t s
Pa2r.tT H EO RIGINOSF INEQUALITY
Chap3t.E eqru aalniFdtr ye eadtCo rme at59i on
Chap4t.T ehrCe u rosfNe o ah8 6
Chap5t.N eart ionaalnt dMh Oyert ihgosifS n esr fd1o0m5
Pa3r.tU N FAVORABLIEM AGEOS F PEASANTS
Chap6t.Re erp rteasteoinfCo onnst eamnSpdut b jug1a3t3i on
Chap7t.Pe era sBaondtiM easla,enF de ma1l5e7
Contexnitvs
Par4t.P EASANATG ENCYP,E ASANHTU MANITY
Chap8t.Pe era sWaanrtra inoPdre sa sLainbte r1t7i7e s
Chap9t.Pe iroa unEsdx emplary2 0P4e asants
Illustrations
ParTtH5E. RE VOLTA GAINSSTE RVITUDE
ChaptTehrPe r obolfSe emr viAtrubdiet:r ary
IO.
MistreSaytmmbeonlti,c D2e3g9r adation
ChapII.tP eera sRaenbte lolfti hLoean Mtsie d dAlgee2 s5 7
Conclusioann:Dd i Hsasromno2an8ny9c e
Ar epresoeftn htTeah trOieroedn oe fSro sc i2e1ty.
1.
2.Adabme itnagu bgyah nta ngteowl o rTkh.i rteenth-century
Note3s0 7
painotnti hncege iolfti hnMego nasotfSe irgyAe rnaag,o 2n9.
Biblio4g0r3a phy 3.Worakf ttehFrea Aldla:dm i ggEivnsegp ,i nAnniontgh.e r
thirteenptahi-nfctreiotnnmhtgM eu o rnya sotfSe irgye 6n5a .
Inde4x5 1
4,M istreoafst emrWefonsot.d e cnugtr abyvt ihsneog - called
PetrMaarscth6e 8r .
5.A tree rtehpsero ecesiseatnlWat otioendsgec. nu gtr abvying
the PMeatsrta7er0rc .h
6.Captfuugrietdsi evwreif thsho r Enasr.l y-fourteenth-century
illusttoCr oadt6ei.x"o1 Dn,fe u gisteirvvi9is0s ."
7.Caisnh owwinht ohr annskd i nhkayFi rro.am nE nglPissahl ter,
ca1.2 70-80. 92
8.Thlea booftr hsme o ntAhusg,uw shteh,aa tr vFersottmh. e
QueMeanr Pys aletareflroy,u rtceeennttu1hr4 y5.
9.As cefrnoemN eidhsacratt'osl ogicatlh" eVm iioslaedtventure,
Pra(nVeki"l chenMsucrphaawlia nnbtkee)td.w1 e3ea6nn0 1d 3 8f0r,o m
th"eZ uGrnr undshotueWsiinent,"e rStwhiutrz,e 1r5l2a nd.
rnP.e astaonutr namenbtyH, a nBdsur ragwkimenaagir elry,
sixteent1h8 0c entury.
n.Chrwiisatts h p aEdneg.la ilsahbs acsutlepfirtf utreee,n th
centnuoriwynt , hV ei ctaonrAdil abM eurste u2m2.5
12T.hweo rtludr unpesddi odwean p :e asaattn hatel atnadr
ap ripelsotwW ionogd.ec nugtr afrvoimJn ogs Gerpuhe nbeck,
Spideegnrea lt urhliimcehleuinns,pdcr hoepnh esteihsucnhgeenn
(Lei1p5z2i22g)3,.3
Illustrxavtii ons
13T.heex ecoufGt yioornDg 6yz Wsoao.d iclultu sfrtormation
StephTaaunruisnS utsa,u ro(mVaice1hn5in.1aa.92 , )7 0
.
14T-heex ecoufGt yioornDg 6yz Wsoao.d iclultu sftrrotamht eion
papmhlDeiateu ffesugore scihsietmhU enng elmaidnted Cntr eutzern
(Nurem1b5e1r42g)7,.1 AN otoenTr anslations
Engltirsahn solfpa atsisocanigstfre eosdmo riginaeld-iltaainrmogeynu sa ge
ownO.t hterra nsalrafetr iotomhcn eis t peudb liEsnhgeledid sihtF iuolnls .
informoanto iroinga inEndna gll eidsihti ipsor nosvi intd hebedi bliography.
Abbreviations
Thfoel loawbibnrge vairuaest ieindto hnneso taenbsdi bliography.
BLVS Biblidoeltsih tetke rVaerrieisinScn thsue tnt gart
cc CorpCuhsr istianorum
CSEL CorpSucsr ipEtcodreusmi aLsattiicnoorruumm
GAG Coppingerz uGArer rbmeaintiesnt ik
LCL LoeCbl asLsiibcraalr y
MGH MonumeGnetram aHniisateo rica
PG Patorgociluar csoumsp lSeetrGuirsea.se e cdJa.., M igP.n e,
16v1o l(sP.a1 r8i5s7,- 66).
PL Patrocluorcgsoiumasp lSeetrGuirsea.se e cdJa.., M igP.n e,
22v1o l(sP.a1 r8i4s4,- 55).
Imaeso ft hMee diPeevaasla nt
g