Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle: Light Attack Bomber

170 Pages·2002·55.19 MB·English

by  Yefim Gordon

The Authors
Yefim Gordon is a Russian aviation writer and
photographer. He has studied Russian (and
Soviet)aviation history for the last thirtyyears.
His previous books include Soviet X-Planes,
MiG-iS, MiG-2S, YakoleoAircraft, and Airlife
have recently published MiG-29 and Su-27.
He lives in Moscow.
Dmitriy Komissarovis a professionalaviation
translatorand an editor working for Polygon
Press Ltd. He has studied Russian (and Soviet)
aviation history for the last ten years. His
previous books include Ilyushin 11-76 (Russian
and English language editions) and Mil Mi-24
Hind Attack Helicopter. He has also translated
into English most of the books written byYefim
Gordon. He lives in Moscow.
Related titles published b)' Airlife
MilMi-24 Hind AttackHelicopterbyYefim
Gordon & Dmitriy Komissarov
Sukhoi Su-27 FlankerAirSuperiority Fighter
by Yefim Gordon
Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum Multi-roleFighter
by Yefim Gordon
Monino- TheRussian Air Force Museum by
Colin W.Prentice
n~hinn-28
B e a g l e
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L I G H T A T T A C I { B O M B E R
Yefim G o r d o n a n d I h n i t r i y K o m i s s a r o v
A i r l i f e
Co pyright <!::I '00' Yefim Gordon and Dmi tri y Komi ssarov
First publi shed in the U K in 2002
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b.v A irlife Publi shing Ltd
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A cata logue record for thi s book
is available from the British Library
ISB N I 84037 351 2
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interest value.
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A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S
Th e a u tho rs wish t o ex p ress their gratitude to N igel Ea stway of th e Ru ssi an Aviatio n Resea rch
Trust (RA RT), who, as u su al, provid ed ass ista nce with ph ot os from his extens ive a rchive; to Se rgey
Komi ssarov who al so su p p lied severa l previ ously unpubli sh ed ph ot os; to A nd rey Yurgenso n fo r
the line drawings an d Sergey Yersh ov for the excellent co lo ur side views.
C O N T E N T S
Introduction 9
1 Breeding the B eagle 11
2 The Il-28 Family -??-
3 The B eagle in Service 73
92
4 B eagles World-wide
5 The Il-28 in Detail 11 8
126
Appendix I Acronyms and Glossary
129
Appendix II Detail Plans
142
Index
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Th e fa mo us Soviet a irc ra ft d esi gner Sergey Vlad im irov ich Ilyu shin . th e fo under o f OKB-240 a nd th e creato r of m any
o uts ta nd in g a ircra ft - includin g the 11-28 tacti cal bomber. ( SlT~''''
. . . . . . . . . . <11/.1 Dmitrt.v Komissan»r arch!.... )
I N T R O D U CTION
ike the o t her Allied nati on s. t he Soviet U n io n in t he enemy's tactical area we re to be mad e by tacti
was ve ry acti ve d esigning new types o f cal (i.e. light) bombers. Development wo rk o n jet
_ weapo ns a nd milit ary techn ol ogi es in the tactical bombers in the U SS R was probably ki cked
early years after the Second World War. Th e ad vent o lT in 194 5 by the d esign bureau led by A r khip
of the t ur boje t en gine a ffe c ted fir st and forem o st Mikha ilo vich Lyulk a wh ich was th en work ing on
sn
figh ter des ign. Jet fight ers e njoyed top pri ority. the 1.300 kgp (2. 865 Ib TR-I ax ia l-now tu rb ojet
wh ile jet b ombers were in effe ct relegated to second - th e first indigen ou s jet engine to rea ch th e hard
p lace. a lt ho ug h the turb oj et inevitabl y found its way ware stage. (Pre- war projects d evel oped by Lyulka
to b ombers as we ll. Having examined German war re ma ine d paper engines. Th e o n ly o ther jet s ava il
~
b o oty aircraft and the sta te of Na zi Ger ma ny's ab le to Soviet aircraft designers at th e tim e we re
ae ro na ut ica l research, U S. Britis h a nd Soviet air reve rse -e ngineered vers io ns o f th e German turb o-
~
cra ft d esi gn ers reached the sa me conclusion : ind ize- jets - t he BM W 003 and J un ke rs ./umo 004.)
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no us jet d esign s were needed . Research in thi s field Jet bombers we re under development a t O K B
eve nt ua lly led to m a st erpi eces o f aviati on e ngineer 156 1ed by Andrey N iko layev ich Tu p olev. O K B-240
ing , such as th e No r t h A merica n F -86 Sabre a nd led by Sergey Vl adimi rovich Il yushin a nd O K B-5 1
~
Mikoyan/G urev ich Mi G-IS (NAT O code name led by Pavel O sipovich Sukhoi . Eve n OKB-l led by
Fagot ) fig h ters. th e E ng lish Electric Ca n ber ra th e G erman wa r b o ot y designe r Brunolf W. Baad e
bombe r a nd. so me tim e lat er. the Bo eing B-52 j oined the race. '
~
Stratofo rtress. Tupolev Tu-1 6 Badger and Tu -95 Ea rl y st ud ies by Ilyu sh in in thi s directi on result ed
Bear heavy bombers. (T he latter is admitted ly a tur in t he 11-22 (the fir st aircraft to carry thi s design a
bopro p a irc ra ft: however. turboprops are gas tur t io n), ' the fir st Sovie t fo ur-jet b omber. It had a cir
b ine e ngines as well. so the Tu- 95 deserves me n tion. c u la r-section fuselage, sho u lde r-mo u n ted stra ight
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too. ) wings, a conventi on al tail unit. a tricycle landin g
The we ll -k nown Sov ie t Il yu shin 11-2 8 tactical
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bomber ca n a lso be re gard ed as a n ex t rao rd inarv
~ I O K B = opvtno-k onstrook torskoyc hY1l1"O - experimental design
aircraft. Few jet figh te rs of th e time could keep up
bureau . T he number is a code all ocated lor securit v rea son s.
with t he 11-28 in terms of producti on . •
T he designation was reused much later lor a purpose-built air-
1
Accord ing to co n tem po ra ry Soviet military st rat
borne command post version o f the II -I SD turboprop airliner
eav, co nven tio na l a nd nucl ear st rikes again st target s (NATO code na m e Cool: the 11-2 wa s code-named COOl-C) .
'
"-of '- .....
The 11- ..,.., was th e Ilyush in O K B's first jet bomber. Th ough not a success ful desi gn . lesson s learn ed wi t h it acco unted in a
la rue degree for the success of the 11-"'8.
.... ..... ( S " 'W. -I' <1".1 Dmitri v Komissan» archiv« j
.
10'
ILY USHIN I L-2 8 B EAGLE
The experimental 'aircraft 71' (Tu-12) bomber which was a stra ightforward development of the Seco nd World War
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vintace Tu-2 . ( reti",
Gordon archivc)
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(rea r wit h a twin -whee l nose unit and larue sin zle be merely 86 5 krn (53 7 miles) and the top speed at
e- c-
c-
mai nwhee ls. T he TsAG I ' l- A-1O aero foil wa s uti - 7.000 m (22.9 65 ft) was 7 18 krn/h (3 88 kt) instead of
lized on the inner win-gs a nd the TsAG I 1-V- I0 aero - th e req uired 800 km/ h. Hence t he Ilyush in OK B
fo il o n t he o ute r wings. wit h a 12 per cent ch ose not to s ub m it the a ircraft for Sta te acceptance
thickness-to-c hord ratio in bo th ca ses. The four trial s; a ll further development work wa s di scontin
T R-I turboje ts were carried a lmost en tire ly a head ued and the so le protot ype was relegated to the
of the wing leading edge on short hori zont al pyl ons; Bureau o f New Hardware (a di vision o f the
this was a first in world jet aircraft d esign . Mini stry o f A irc ra ft Indu stry). where it could be
All the bombs were to be carried in tern all v, a n d st ud ied by leading indu stry ex pe rts. Th e 11-22 was
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the largest weapon carried by th e 11-22 was a no more than a step p in g sto ne to m ore etTicient
3.000 kg- (6.6 13 lb ) bomb. wh ich was a lso th e air- design s.
craft 's max im u m ord na nce load. Th e d efen si ve Meanwhile. Tup olev came up with th e Tu -77
ar ma me n t co m p rise d a pai r o f Berezin B-20E ex pe rim en ta l b omber (aka Tu-12). a heavily m odi
20 mm (.78 ca lib re ) ca n no n in a n elect rica lly pow tied Second World War-vintag-e Tu-2 with two
ered rem ot e-cont roll ed d o rsal barbette and a sin-ule turbojet s and a tricycle la ndi ng gear. and later t he
23 mm (.90 ca lib re) N ud elm an/S o oran ov NS-23 Tu-73/Tu -78/Tu-8 I/T u- 89 famil y. The last aircraft in
cannon in an II-K U- 3 tail turret d esi-gn ed in-h ouse. ' th e series was even t u a lly to see limited producti on
Another NS -23 can non was m ount ed o n the sta r- a nd serv ice a s th e Tu-14 (NATO code name Bosuns.
board side of the forward fuselag-e. ti ring- forward . Th e German team led b-v Baade refined th e Junkers
T he five -man crew consisted of two pi lo ts seated EF 131 proj ect wh ich culmin ated in th e Type 140.
side by side in an extensively glazed n o se (re m in is a n expe rim e n ta l b omber with forward-swept w in gs.
cen t of the Boeing B-29 Superfo rt ress ). a naviga Sukhoi built a prot ot ype o f the Su-I O four-j et
tor/bo mb aimer, a gu n ner/ra d io o pe ra tor who light bomber. but it wa s scrapped with out eve r being
worked t he do rsal ba r bett e. a nd a tail -gunner. fl own when OKB-51 wa s di sso lved in 1949. There
Acco rd ing to th e p roj ect the 11 -22 wa s to have a wa s yet another conte nder. Vladimir Mikhail ovich
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range of 1. 250 km (776 miles) wit h a 2.000 kg M yasischc hev with his VM -24 (aka RB-1 7) four
(4,409 lb ) nom inal bo mb lo ad . The ma ximum take- turbojet b omber project. H owever. it never materi
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off weight wa s 24.000 kg (52.9 10 lb) a nd th e never- ali zed because M ya sischchev was o ut o f favour wit h
exceed speed was set at 800 krn/ h (43' 2 kt ). o r M ach Soviet leader Jo sef Stalin and consequently hi s p roj
0.75. ec ts received a thumb s-d own at th e time. Thi s was
Development and prototype co ns tr uctio n p ro bas ica lly the sit uatio n in wh ich th e 11-28 was born
ceeded extremely fas t; pi loted by two bro t hers. the Soviet Un io n's first o pe ra tio n a l jet bombe r.
Vladimir and Ko nst a n tin Kokkin aki. the 11-22 wh ich e n te red serv ice with the VVS
(VO l'e1l11O-
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made its maiden fl igh t o n 24 July 1947. H owever. vozdooshnyye S(!(!ZI' - [S oviet] Air Force) in 1949 .
tests q uick ly sh owed tha t its perform ance was
clearly ina deq ua te - m ainly because th e engines.
whic h suffered fro m teethin-g trouble s. had to be 3 TsAGI = Tscntrahl'nvy aero- i g!litll'oclil/llllli<,!I<,skiy institoot
Cen tra l Aero dvna m ics & Hvd rodvnarnics In st itute. named
derated to 940 kgp (2.072 Ib st) . Hence th e MTOW
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a fter N iko lav Ycuo rovich Z h ukovs kiv
. .
had to be limited to 20.000 kg- (44.09 1 lb) for the
-I K U stan ds fo r [sl l'<,/kOl'lIy ll] 1I0sl(///OI'/':1I - tail bar-
/':III'IIIII I'tlrll
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manufacturer's flight tests. Th e ra n ge turned o u t to
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bette.