Description:INTRODUCTION THE NEED TO distinguish between enemy and ally, leader and led, expert and novice has been a feature of war ever since men banded together to attack or defend their property. The Romans, with their large armies composed of men from many nations, formalized rank and skills, although often the specialists could be recognized by the fact that they marched and fought beside their special instruments of war. The early Middle Ages and the rather unstructured wars that followed saw a new development in insignia.