Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of American Grape Vines; a grape owners' manual by Bush & Son & Meissner

205 Pages·1895·27.793 MB·English

ILLUSTRATED
DESCRIPTIYE CATALOGUE
OF
Grape Growers' Manual
BY
&SON
BUSH & MEISSNER
VlTICULTURlSTS AND PROPRIETORS OF
FOURTH EDITION. COPYRIGHT SECURED.
ST. LOUIS, MO.
R. P. Stttpt^f.y it Co., Prtxters. Ltthographkks and MANiTFACTrRiNO Stattonkrs.
1895.
COKXKKl'S.
GRAPE MANUAL.
I.
PA(!E.
Origin,pi't'-historif, biblicalaiul legendary 1
Climate, Soil, Aspect, andotherinfluencesaffectingtheGrape 2,3
Historical Notes. AttemptstoCultivatetlieEuropeanGrape; theirfailure. The Phylloxera 4,G
Classlfioation oftheTrueGrape-vinesoftheUnited States,by Dr.G. Engelmann,ofSt. Louis,Mo 7—18
' andViticulturalObservationsuponourNativeSpecies,by T.V.Munson,ofDenlson,Texas.. 19—SO
With NotesandExtractsfromTliird Edition 19—.SO
£.ooatioii: I'reparingtheSoil; Planting; NumberofVinesperAcre 31,32
Planting:. SeedCulture. TendencytoVariation,etc 33
Clirat'tinK:. ^'ariousMethods,with manyIllustrations 3-1—42
Planting:. (Continued.) Training:. Treatmentduringfirstyear. TrellisorStakes. Cultivating 4.3—46
Prnning:. TreatmentduringSecondandThird Seasons. Training,etc 47—.'il
Diseases of tlie Orape,byDr.G.Engelmann, withIntroductoryKemarks 52
Fnng:ous Diseases of the Grape and their Treatment, by B. T. Oalloway 53—58
VitiCHltnral Remarks on Milde.wandRot RetrospectandProspect .59—62
;
Bag:g:ing:orSacking Grapes 63
Insects InjurioustotheGrape,afterProf.C.V.Riley's Reports 64—70
" Beneficial,feedingupon InjuriousIn.sects,bysame 70—72
Ciathering:, Packing, Preserving,etc 72
Wine Making: 73—so
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE.
II.
(pages 81 TO END OF VOt,lIME.I
EnteredaccordingtoActofCongress,intheyear1894,by Bitsh & Son & Meissner,Bushberg,Mo.,
intheofficeofthe LibrarianofCongressatWasliington,D.C.
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS IN GRAPE MANUAL.
Fr<J. PA(1K. FKJ. PAOK.
1—.33. TableofGrapeSeeds,byDr.Engelmann .... U 46— 63. Grafting 36-42
34—37. Diaphragmof Different Species H 64— 76. I'lanting,Trainingand Pinning 43—51
38-40. Grape Flower 7 77—78. Black Rotand Brown Rot 54
41. V. Rupestris 21 79. Anthracnose 55
42. N'. VulpinaorRiparia 23 80. Pun)p,etc.,forSpraying 58
43. V. Lincecumii 26 80-81. Black Rot,Treated 62
44. V. .Estivalis 28 82—102. Insects 64—74
45. V. Bej'landieri 3() 103—105. l'\'rm«'nlirig Nat and I'uiinel 78
PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION.
1894.
A book of which, twent^'-five years after its first publication, a new edition is de-
manded, a mere (rrape-Catalogue which has been read by the people of many nations and
translated into many of the principal languages of the civilized world, requires no excuse
for its republication. Its third edition (1883) was received with such favor by the public
and the horticultural press, that the demand for it exceeded our expectations. The entire
edition was soon sold out, manj^ orders for copies remaining unfilled. The question why
a new edition did not make its appearance long since maj^ therefore be raised.
At the time when we Americans gloried and rejoiced in having saved the French vine
by means of our Phylloxera-resisting varieties, at the time when we had reconstituted her
ravaged vineyards, our own were suffering from the annually increasing fungoid diseases
of the grape. Rot and mildew became so destructive and discouraging that grape-grow-
ing, to a large extent, east of the Rocky Mountains, was considered a failure until some
preventive or remedy for those diseases might be discovered. At the same time the finest
European grapes were grown so successfully and abundantly in California that the price
of wine and table-grapes was reduced below^ the cost of their production in this part of
the United States.
But owing to the fact that some exceptionally favored regions were exempt from
eryptogamic maladies, and to the love and enthusiasm entertained for the grape by some
of its old cultivators, its culture was still maintained.
Now, however, with the discovery of a remedy for grape diseases, renewed confidence
to successful grape-growing has been inspired and, encouraged bj' many of our veteran
viticulturists, we yielded to the flattering demand for a new edition.
Mr. B. T. Galloway, Chief of Division of Vegetable Pathology, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, has kindly prepared for this edition an article on the I)iseases of the Grape
and their Treatment. —
The classification of the—true grape-vines, by our late Dr. Geo. P^ugelmann, the last
work of this great botanist, has been continued, as it were, by the studies and observ-
ations of Prof. T. y. Munson, illustrated by photo-gravures from nature.
Prof. C. V. Riley, whom health considerations forced to resign the honorable position
of Chief of U. S. Entomological Department, before his departure for P^urope, kindly
revised the article (contained in previous editions) on Insects of the Grape.
The excellent treatise on grafting, after the French of the late lamented Aime
Champin, also the articles on planting, training, pruning and wine-making, have been
revised and enlarged by us with the kind assistance of eminent practical viticulturists.
In fact, the Grape Manual is largely a new work, containing interesting, instructive
and valuable information to the cultivator of the grape and furnishing a work rich in
material for a record of past failures, present hopes and progress in viticulture.
Another improvement, herein attempted, is the descriptive part of our Catalogue,
which makes it a complete dictionary of all American varieties, old and new a very
;
valuable feature long desired for various reasons, though objected to by some on account
of excessive voluminousness. But the typographical arrangement employed makes the
greater or less importance and general popularity of varieties recognizable at a glance.
The completeness of our list may also prove valuable to collectors and experimenters,
and should aid producers of new varieties in avoiding the duplication of names.
We have endeavored to give correct and accurate descriptions, made clearer by many
portraits, true to nature, and have tried to avoid overdrawn or exaggerated illustrations.
Yet, with all that, we are aware of deficiencies in this work, and while we feel as
though we had fallen short of the end we aimed at, we i^till hope that, '-after all, it will
be of some use to mankind."
BISII & SON & MEISSNER.
[ FROM FIRST EDITION, 1H6!).]
Oursuccessingrapegrowing,and inthepropagation It has become customary to prefix to a Descriptive
ofgrape-vines,hasbeenhighlysatisfactory,infact,far Catalogue of fruits and flowers .some brief directions
beyonil our expectations. In view of the very great fortheircultivation, andweliavebeenurgedtodothe
ihl-ia^os^ilnieifidnectnoiuturirsoanergoiefedse,uvsethntioslaisrngucecr,ceeawsseselloi-sulr<hnietogtwh'nolrytas.nfldatltoenrgi-neg,staanbd- scaoWmmeep.laerteeadwiarreect,ihonosw,ev"earf,etwlihaitnstso,m"edoshmoortreanhdavremrythiann-
Wedo not"pi-etend to furnish "betterandcheapervines good. Theygenerallyserveonlytoconfusethetyrooi'
towfheapndaotcrcaolnnaailg)mee,ias,ftfhtoleriadcteodwnetbiyhnaounepdyetocotohnmeferlrdietesnatcaerbeloaifssoohnumaerln)ltce.u"ssthoaAmrl-el qemduigiserr,ienpsgrkeinlsolenlatanrgdgerralpoaleujtoglrrayotwhoiafnncgaipasistnaale,cvenesorsryaaernayystymoomaprtretoekdrnu,ocwerle-a-,
ers,andafairprofit. cropofcorn. Thiswe do notwish to do. But,onthe
Inthisconnection, we cannot refiain from referring other hand, we are also aware that the excellent taut
withacex'tainpridetothevoluntaryassurancesofsat- somewhat costly books on grape culture, by Fuller,
isfaction we have received. Desiring to return our IJusmann, Strong, and others, are not puiciiased by
tliankstoourcustomersinanapprojjriateandtiiiigible cvt'iy grape grower. Moreover, considrraljU' progress
form, andtolespond toadesire oftt^n expressed l)your liasl)een made ingrapeculture since tlu'sclinokswere
correspondents, we concluded to present them with a written. Thuswecame to the coiu'lusioii tliat ashort
tine JIlKsirated and Descriptive Catalogue, wherein the manual, containing jjlain directions in regard to the
characteristic and relative meritsof our ditferentva- planting, culture and training of grape-vines,andof-
rietiesareclearlystated. feredforlessthanitscost,wouldbe welcome;andwhile
stooWmpeertolhediaunvcgeeittshoatomteowttihhlielrnbsgetboiejntuttedergreesttohifanngitsaanmedmreiutrssee.fuplrWietcoetprlriisoet-d, Ctwhaeotsalelaoyagtuliletetalmsetacyinltaaoifmwfohrtodoseoprlihegaainsnudarlseititya,mnadwyeprcohofomiptee.tothsaotmethoifs
glraebsosriovremgornaepye icnulptruerpiastrsi,nganitd. have not spared time, rsinoR BUSH & son.
[FROM INTRODUCTION TO SECOND EDITION, 1875.]
Six years, embracing the most disastrous and the We owe our reputation to our determinationtogive
mostfavorable seasonsto grape culture,haveelapsed complete satisfaction,and to deserve the entireconfi-
shianscebetehneefinrrsitcehdeidt,ioonbsoefrtvhaitsiCoantsahloagvuee.beOenurmeaxdpeeroinenocled deWnecehofavoeurncoussteoemdelrisn.gs of our own, and impartially
tahneddsiosmceovneerwyvoafritethieesG,rla3puteaRbooovte-laoluls,eo,ntehceirPchuymlsltoaxnercae,, rsuepceormiomrenmdersiut,chavnadriwehtiielseotnhley,dneemwaonrdolcd,omapsehlasveusreatlo
has led to a new, radical study of the American disseminate some inferior varieties (.Hartford for in-
grape-vines. stance) and untried novelties, over-praised, perhaps,
Our business as grape growers and propagators as- by their originators, our Descriptive Catalogue shall
sumed such large dimensions that we discarded the savethereaderfromsomeofthebitterdisappointments
cavuonltdteudarteatlleantnthdieopnsrpoatpocaeGgoarftaiopouenrgCorfuolustnmudaslr,leaflorlunioltusyr,eamtenca.d,nsea,xncdclaurdsee-s- pwrhWaiiecseh,hgaarvnaedpectgaorroemwfeuenlrtlsiyhonaevntdeheesaovsoohfroteredtncetoxompieanrvgioseindocfeadle.lveunndouuer
ively,forwhichwehaveunusualfacilities,andamost bestvarieties; weespeciallydesiretowarnagainstthe
sfuapveorriaobrlestsooiclk,aannddlotcoatmiaokn.e iTthimsoreenabaldevsanutsatgoeroauissetao evartrioorno.fcToonsithdiesrienngdaanystvuadryieotfyftihtefocrluansisviefriscaalticounltoi-f
tbhreanpcuhbleisc,ofahnodrteivceunltutroe,thteoldeeaadliwnigthnuurss,erwiheosseofgroatphee-r oMuarnygrfaapielsureisnwtilhletMhaumsiable,aivsoeiadrendeswthliychrehcaovmembelnadsetde.d
nurserybusiness is nowadmitted to beoneofthefii-st the hopes,so prevalent tenyears ago throughout the
andmost extensiveof its kindin theUnited Statesof country,withregardtograpeculture.
America.
[FROM PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION, 1883.]
TlieBtJSHBERG Catalogue has i)ecome a vade mecum ticalmeansofcuringorprotectingourvineyards from
ofAmericangrape-growers; ithasalsobeentranslated thesepests,notless destructive to ourvineyards than
cifItnoostrnoesreeFbnpretresinttnhcotehwrheeaadtsnodolnuonInttgaianllliy)waeneen,nuhardansedemhialoeynnidmosearudrne,psrtboofubrttaulbiwitleoyrcocnauoteguavhlleldorygnubreoee.-t- etthxhIeehnaIfu'toshhrtiymislevlrreo.exaverirOtasiuectrdloeeetodxhinoptseiGerorinoaefwnficEtleuilrnioagnplestto.hhibasennwfoaowusnspdoraeismfepanortrmetdoarnietn
rtavylieini'csaedtei-ismifu,teyn.rstsiirTntoicshemedee,atonheafedxnpdiiedtsrsestimuodeeeenrfoaciefedtctdtshasne,oa<flstvoemercasreoiysnn)cyedlaaaiUecrvdlagimiretieoiesnrotenuoi,femsdeb,tenehtateirbnshlieeoetnfeeulninsygeehtowwtof otit(oph;AeeamslrssaaCitanosimymtoemenmd,issaubasbyynijdeobIcn'ettr,h,obfeow.eteenChx.achbvVeaal.lvlelueReauinlsIbti/elEtweeYoon,arfnCeukhndrionafieibnfslAtheeiUdram.etescSot.hCiaEahnpmngat.ptmeloprimifwonylh,iotgcohh-ne
(iUAi'KS wliichhavesince beenproducedorintroduced. chapteronInsectsbyaItrief accountof thebeneficial
The A.MKRiCANGkai'ehasalsol)ecome ofgreaterand species,usefultothegrape-grower.
more compieliensive importance by virtue of its now Attherepeated re(iuest of a large numberof grape-
ttwheheloilurg(hf;astgvaoilr)oliwitsneliienkdiEnPudhsry,olpleeovxecelrriyai-efrvleaysriaissettaiynggrhaafqsutaiblniegteisnetso,tcekasntfdeo,dr gWnreironswk,e-rmtsha,okwuiegnhgh,awvweehihcaahdvdmeeadnyoatnoftecwlbiehainqnguteisdteoonuusretlheoespsisnutiboojbneecg(tienxo--f
olttaehHIfenhhin'e<cseIeMh)ltrtiTCag{ehehE.trlnd;aeioaa(csi)JstaeibtKlsvaedSeooi,alitsuisiftsatuwcolhitiroeecEeiffnonastoasuvaKt.rtuvrabeeinl<sllinotgneuiHgnleeenbnevtdlygoehomfhsecfuueaaossmosntonvfi,nnthwuinooir,eiteeitnhawCsnthTesdfsahtradeatemcuuohatsacorftel,hiesonoo'l.eoGgyortnetiutrutbhcevraireuNearparloobseltetlsywrueu-gyaadrnvirybahr'ielbloeaaovnoep-paivnteiewusaeesn-rtintsigihniwhsoortosgeeanotfrtywfe,sntIoesn.t)lherriihoagsisaiten-s,-t.t cpk]svDtu)roneiTTleBellostrhhlsuuwucmsanetrilmretttieoiadsffdprrtuiaiatgtisesnrv,liemoyfvtirmawaaofeaivoonyebtrphordxlmharobepeereaperrxtbeerpleatseuoedenssghftrieeadahtirtfdrnaieehudtocinhlnsecli)tipetgtyCthtoh,ahoaeiislotosiyttounnahoGu.rlneocrrtoerohamgdpwgmeuoperrpesonreealentvpbitceieeoemMops-eewuasrsgninsuinolrcttlamoucjaeuiwe^adrmgneoeilyefmerdtee.snipotonthrapntaainwceshnid(tod1itir8.teohc7t5nhnai)-aes-l,
e\ses of the Grapk -Mildew and Jtot. We are well hancetheirloveof the noblest fruitand its cultui'e,is
athwearseubjtleicattbtehissatcihsafpactteorriilsysttilrleavteerdyudnetfielctsicviee,ntniofirccraen- thewishof BUSH it SON & MKISSNER.
searchesandexperiments mayhave found .some i)iac- Bushberg,Mo.,October,1883.
XESTIVIONIAI^S.
We could lill a book with voluntary testimonials of prominent Ilorticnlturists, Grape-growers and
Nurserymen, who favored us with their commands, and to whom we may confidentlyrefer, butwe
flatter ourselves that ourreputation is so well established, that testimonials are unnecessary.
Opinions of some Prominent Hoitlcultuilsts and from tue Press
ON THE THIRD EDITION.
yFrom the Hon. Makshai.i- P. Wii.DKH, Maaa., President lF7-om GEOR(iE Ellwangkr, Proprietor Afount Hope
AmericanPomologicalSociety.] Nurseries.]
"Iwast?reatlypleasi'dDwoiRtClHiFy.nSuTErKC,i.iTtiauliousiuirey,1n4,ot18o84u.ly "ItisaworkofRgroecahtesvtaleure,,Na.ndY.f,arDieicieamdlv)aernc2e7,o1f88a3.ny
cfoonrtaitisnse,lebfurtaitioceseaendhowteliiciteursperfiuslinijiiifyooinuiaatrieoninwkheiecphinigt woi'kofthekind." Geo. Ellwangek.
upwiththeageingrapeculture. Surelyyou have be-
comeanacknowledgedauthoritMya.r"shall P. Wilder. [From Prof. T. .!. BuUrnriivelrls,ityo.f] the Illinois Industrial
\From PetkdrentBaAhmve-rYi,caofnFPoUmwoalnoggeicralcfSoBcairetryy.,] Vice-Presi- th"eItksiunrdpawsistehswihniCicnhhtaemIrpesaatimganna,dc<1ie11ux.a,cieNnltolevedne,cmewbheaerntyh3t0e,hri18n8pg3r.oo-f
"YourGrapeManualaRnodcChaetsatleorg,ueDiescaemwboerrko4,f1g8r83e.at ducedathomeorabroad." T. .1. BURRILI,.
value,issuedin excellentstyle." P. Barry. IFromG.Onderdonk,thePioneer ViticuUuristofSouthern
Texas.]
[From W.M. Saunders, Supt. E-cperimental Station, U. S. Victoria,Texas,November27,1883.
IjepartmentofAgriculture] "Theold edition wasveryvaluable,and thenewedi-
fo"rSmucofhcaomwpolrimkWeandtse.sheirnIvgtetsisonamt,oroDen.ctet'.h,taNhneovbteehmsetbesCtraet2r8ae,ol1to8y8g3p.ueed tviiotniciuslatuvraesatviamlpuraobvleemseenrtvi.ce.Y"oGuilhbaevretdOonndeeArmdeornikc,an
abenedntphuebbliesshteMd.a"nualon Americangiapesthathasyet [From Prof.T.V.Munson,Esq.]
William Saunders. Denison,Texas.December1. 1883.
"Ithinkyourmodestyinsimplycallingita'Ca<aio<;«e'
[F"rIotmisPraofg.rWa.nd.1.wBoLkraaikn>s—,SifonSacegric,ertaeyMht.ia"ecrahy.d,AomXfeorvaeiincuyaltn)hePironm3go0,loo1fg88i3tc.hael gdaoenedmssvtaohlfeukagnbrolewealttewrdoegiae'tkiwsiaelnlionmnjauAksmteeiicrteiw.ciadnIetlgyirssaTaop.eumsgVo.h.sttM.auctnoi.msyipo.ilnoe.wIt.te"s
kindTknowofin thiscountiy."
W. .1. Heal. IFrom,I) S. JIarvin, Watertown,N. Y.]
Watertown,December,1883.
IFrom Robert M.\nning, Es<^.. Secretary Masnachusetts "Iconsiderittliebestworkwehaveonnativegrapes.
"TheBushbergHCoarttailcuolgtuuerailsBSaoosctitreeotanyt.,i]sPeeocnemtbheerB,o1t8a8n3.y, ciIstosipnynvefawolrufaeS.ba5,lteuwritetoshtoahunetdgelr)xaeppiean-nggsrai]oo)wnleesrbt.orirnIegwpilotauculepditntootwdiastteehl.lamnIy-t
CAumletriivactainon.GrDaipseesa,sersa,tlIinesretcthaenneamiCeast,alaongdueV,araisettiheastoifs other." D. S. Marvin.
cFroemvmioonuslyediutnidoenrssthoaovde.beIenatmrangsllaadtetdoiInctnooFwretnhcathatnhde 'iFrom Prof. I'laxchon, Director -'La Vigne Ameri-
talian—an honor which they certainly deserved. I caine," etc.]
know of no better Manual of everytliing I'elating to Cette troisieme edition d'un ouvrage deja plein du
Americangrapes. Itshouldbeijieverypublicliljrary, valeur, est une oeuvre completement ranouvelleepar
andinthehandsofevery Americangrapegrower." lesadditionsetlesmodificationsnue vousyavezintro-
Robert Manning. duites. J'ai beaucoup engage Mons. L. Bazille a en
"ThanIkFrsvifiiortyheouOrrimgoiSnsaattloveraml,oufMaaRbsols(e.i,ECRalSt)"eaclHeoynbgirlui)edesro.f2]8,G1r8a83p.es Elfaauirprooerpltea^edterdsaudguprclatunisdonsg.i'sae.in'dv.incoe.msbUertnequld'ielvlrveeiqsgtuneeir)poonnePsudl.tearnemcenhtdotrrnee.ena
jaeocdtVIinheasv.eIytetissteheen.mosItnvoatliucaebloenetrelaitttilseeoinnatchciusrascuyb,- NOTE—Weregretverymuch thelossofanumberof
where you saythe grapesof minewere produced in a valual)le testimonials destroyed by the great fire on
s^fmaasls.l,gwahredreenIinnoRwoxrebsuirdye,.MaYsosu.rs,Ittrsuhloyu,ld read Salem, laasshtesC.hristmas eve, which laid our St. Louis office in
Edward S. Ko<;ers. I BUSH & SON & MEISSNER.
I
BRIEK EUITTORIAL NOTKS.
[Fromthe-JluralXen-Yor/.-er." Feb.23,18H4.] tion are practical and good,and Justwhat the novice
ctmtfpl^huhiou'etlurebOm>tlslRwphhyebiKahanoesEetssndahrRitiesng,grdedaleo.sdalnfBwoldduclgomIosutbrrmenshoaykwosrf,osaccsetfetuitxifieeelSlotn,dndolrrpgtiunraCilnistactaoitchctafkturtesseasaMileltlvecaaefioyiialtogmn,rslsenuessoos,ennmaaettrufnrootooomd,tirfflehbcixBitleapucsAievtisriemsei'hhreesebeootxlrsefica)nissrecitcgme^ntpm,hanliolrielnyyosiMwesltonRr)aGcts.itapruottblapanwtr)liprtoe.ya)eioanrpl-eovrikcconna,vtNvaiesltnyrak'eeecoo(swa-t-lff. ch.urahfvsrreirapieutsieevoniipwienltutoosf.iircu"rtaoiluehlnipm]s,lesp)Ieieoatntdomnayo"nifbslsadTtteoeegnolhdmaurdice,sieootsedagohntcsliiefleto-sinisaeeofsrtuiahthbtnbtwfiaejiiyanmien-uetcicfhulltetiivittemssresiros.bm,neh,ealesvewaruiiIlatshciidnensoctoes,dtfedtnltosiietAhusuisnae.bebplirntlsooehilcduvinaneaTpe'pdtsipshin,afsc,ioneloanjsorinsuegtntarvdvhfriiiitlioestinunucoeUeas"llsnnnelibcosdiwneebgshdldeeaiteieclcbihsstshlye-tso
largeramoujitof valuable information ill i-cferenee to And totheirvirtuesverykind."
aegba.Aorvdm\ntoeemvdhwrreatirntchiihcsu,-ceeeraaeitnnnsohti.uezoesvgwu,irananTawrfneihedosd)ielegd-tibhivhnaytinetrngetaerimsosencoeflsdlaetuttinthcnhsiuoegaoin,nn)lfooeiafnaognavfudnetrsfyaha',iethsmieitocrho)casn)icttriplao-oealbfcsdwaiosuofbtilgfolfhiulyidae'eccr-auaisglttetrsiIietoopedenhwsrspato,hvbiooi-,enffs bikiB11niuunnttolti.iwhsielaaan.esssodevtudagab,,eljoaruenuwncallhdtbeyil,oceaafIhsAvbcdmeIio'-erenelsyrtlieireiarcvicbveoblaemuentstphialgetsoerhntaedtepehtt.eesohdycecarsuncoiclokuprtutsiruiliroojdesuft.tsiwovaeleacllrklecianbofttfeaaeilrlmg'oeargsadautnepeed.,ed
lem. Thearticlesupon planting, pruningand('ultiva- Delaware,Ohio. Geo.AV. Campbell.
BRIEF EDITORIAL NOTES.-Continued.
[From the"Cn/tiralorand Country Gentleman"Jan. 18<S4.'\ [From the"National 'J'ribune." Washington, D. C, Decem-
os\MtI-tcciaGnrvcInouNreuuIwcapeiaCtpiiialiseesto,diAanCimalsaewtroe,aislraltiaooriruhfpecsietaeoBvefnfue.pusr—arAlyvnnmiWaiipcrbeseihoehrermlterhgpeidcaletaMvseofn,oeto.fer,tair1ntide5tld-e0chiaseeeppcciioarrosvgmipeIeaapildsntnlo,iiduafioshjrsu(atiosiiilmei'lfoaamlftpoBuecefusdnttsltGwrDliraeiehotosi&mewfccdearhSritnioshpniyn'e--s tyalhobeiWgoswuve,eeC,imaettavvaiekilzsre,.o:ggiuutnoeohtabsthtyeoenmwBseiueutspachrtoebio(nssfeo-nosprnneSiAc0od,Citmneonser1.,.8irgfiSiitbM3vMcoyt.ei.ah]innesfgsamngrooerursait,'ptheeBovsip.aibislenhusbiMateoobrnlgrm,eeoaJcnnetafuhttfaaeharlne--
\'ines. A convenient descriptive index isgiven to tlie whichhasyetappearedonthissubject.
240 descriptions. This catalogueappearsto have been
prepared withgreatcare,and will hevaluabletogrape
gi'owers. [From"Colman'sRural World," Deremlier, JSS3.}
Samuel Miller, Horti(-ultaralEditor.
[From the FannerD'esceHmobmere,J1oSn83n.i'a]h" Lonisvi/le. Ky., beTghiennBeursshbwehragtGwroarplecCoatnalgorgaupee.—-gWreowairnegofistetnheasbkeesdthtyo
cetgaattihh\BsdearlbhaenauGiiiiloresedsetnrveiwtynnhiseaeiehseotlupdretawicnss&eot,iicestllhsfcluawile,Ia.brusSlyaneaoelmoafstvoedumIunianaasnnltnldpsistwdai&trttiriiesasteahsh/iopisteteiweMbiuueadnfoeemoierdrug.firdonl—gedrost.lavBkdaeursDha,pyromneoclefiaeeffsIau,ofnittrvcianapvrgi,erinrbiedyeotirsvlftsntBptyeeeehothtuisvirhfeeiastmgaoeiaslvirhennnssetmiegishcedthoeaeleyeatttsy.aeCrteiihettaaogtexoetwarth,snpesrcoiapreij,solrMrab)'rmorkosdonpyisigpo.cudeciulmuebetnnpeedlrtoercct,itiWheoeenotleceseiitiaaatitoofarhtusnhnifhniecdcs,acyoadoysuutsinvp,cewlngevyidethhrcca,eunaiaaoohnrrencvbpnniceaewdheyed,e--s- ttyfotMlppfwwIolofiliaoeeoo,oaosmsacirrgiinhiscrovseknkneleoastusgnlsdis,nrlnoyeesiIitde,intavlsiea.nrhieonttigoahanirtdhnvfrteevIhaesaohstbfaee,gtfpeoerartrefabEiaabeetosmnenhapooavrogfeidjecuegesa,lsnnshtroniagtieapyogsdimasunlsdevhlpmwabldtawtocnwrlatllihsothtgiinueasnmchihesneainpoelhgI.bbglnetaejtlliesuehedhmeentiravagBeoefedgeittouwf.eouenrontoercr;nngyrlremertrarttrakwtaoreshhhto,nwfosdieioirfsidsrsfaotkfsoonnvyhugitmonadoitbrehftelnnjaestmhtugephhaBahtcaeekottubtehbtsoiu.eosl,thfnldHievhehddgreioeesrFsirtdib&pycaosriensrierpnerftfenitSifefIaovptaoeefnrprttienrrontumihtonnerrboahdan'uets&n-t-sesytdso
[From the ''American Gardin." X. I'., Dec, JSS3.1 [From the '•Rural JVeir Yorker," December, 1883,]
DhpmtheaaauaBsitgnnucned'siris.sshnisgpiaopstimrfictn-ieovoocemte.tSpp'Cha«all»aesimestpttita.tthfe-rlsleoetmIMagitnaettu,inlmeseufesaoaomnncffleittr,,gA,oahmvitnteterBdrreuiciasnocthcdonuihiantlneceantrgaiugtGnr,heosre,fuanManeopdofovem.reeeG—prVrrdriyaieIntcplehaeelsnisnsu.uns.drgatstreTfpaTirhaetfhlyiretle-s-dy, eeGvdvarT,elahrupaeayenbdolVBneiuewntseeorhsfebs,aoehtEuriotslrhugeilbrrdeoeIdnralbdltreetuerhsvSgset.il.rsaACaedtmadeebiderfmdiaiiCctntaai,twonaneEl.rgdoreigtauTopiernhe.isteohvfeiesrAhtmpaheuenbrdlimsicosashont-f
<lescri])tive list of varieties, up to the pi'esent time,is
the most complete and relial)le work of thekind ever
l)ul)lished. [Fromthe'Gardener'sMonthly," .lauuary,1884.]
Tho.mas Meehan, Editor.
[Fromthe"Weekly ."iuu," Neir York. Jan. '.). 18S4.\ Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of American Grape-vines,
A.S. Fuller, AgriculturalEditor. byBushif SonifMeissner.
A Valuable Catalogue.—We are frecjuentlyremindedof This is really a scientific treatise,embracingevery-
thegreat amountofvaluahleinformationthatisbeing thing that any one can want to know about grape-
dtuliiiasaptste'fm-vivcnienaletlsee.ddpiiunnbtdlheiiasslheefrdess"ptie\-.cy'ittHautlhsneghuBe&us,shlSl)oiunterh&gavcMeaetimaselsotngeurne,onooeff ghfirarsomwe—ivncegerrotbraeiewnnilnypenr-oomtdauikncientdghi,sbaycnodauinwiyteryhl.o)reltLiieicvkueletnauolrtlahcliantbgaulsloiignkueeesisst
lUisliberg,Mo. This Is not nu^rclya catalogue,butan ofnurserymen,itwillbeofgreatvaluetothosewliowant
extendedtreatiseonthevine,commencingwithathor- toplant, and,unlikemany, will haveanhonored place
ougli scientificreviewand description ofallournative asapermanent addition toawell-ordered library.
species,written expressly for thiswork l)yDr. George
Engelmann,of St. Louis,who has prol)al)lygiven more
time to tiie studyof our indigenous grapes than any [From the "Ohio Farmer," January, 1884.]
oditsheearselsivoifngthbeotvainnei,stw.hiIcthniesxftolgliovweesdabnyeassclaiyapottn-rtohne Bushberg Catalogue.—An excellent manual on the
insectsinjurioustoit,andthevariousmethodsofprop- grape,containingoverLWpages. Thisis thethirdedi-
agation,allveryfullyillustrated. Fullinstructionsin tion, revised and bi'oughtdown to date. The instruc-
pruning and training the vines are also given, a.nd, tionson planting, culture,selections, insects, diseases,
upontilt; whole,wedonothesitatetosaythattheworlc etc.. etc., are complete, and the catalogue invaluable
far surpasses anythingof the kind ever publishedin tothegrape grower,containingas It does descriptions
anycountryor languagefoi'theprice. ofallrecognizeduseful varieties.
[ExtractsfromtheIntroductiontotheFrenchEdition."85] %\[ibcm jyottDOttjur Dculf^cn^ilu^gabc, ^Berlin.
daFjjnerr.tsaeesns.ecd,nee.esctsiee"gcsLnesseteeolrmne.itecvnhdrta.oesini.ndgmeee.usdt^seEuIuanMrs.letslrBoavuuiitcscieuhucseaUsune,terleIses'tMoedEheietuessvarsrtevnesuie-gdsrUneeneemnisseostnsretpeasltimepsiiatlnss-a .9elB^inBuVitcacesit^rnae9hln=5b,oe&cgr{eruc,oiSnngtibotD§noncpfirSipt<nciafellcfcalafMceuinlec!cit)^ifiivjesaacbusuiwon(biinbte)ne)enUrrlffntejuceniitr,nftufu"eieonivnun^fe}nloc'dStrlfj)jaunebavlefltbutti^enel'Tlttrr*tuab®eee'tcntnoc|bvn'SnS*fttaita.cnmfanbtenSibioic.iSutiamii.aincSnib.f,timt.eyleni.UuitacreBu©,tc»8irJSctelBbtmtccctjtfjetrfpVn^elriieiatbrcbfmt^iia,ecn=
de Saint Louis, enrichiedessavants travau.x d'Engel- bat fct'cn bov mc^reren 3abrcn einen ;)iebfataIog Ijeraugcjegcben,
mannetdeRiley,gardaitpournousuneoriginalitt,une luclcbetnid)tadeinmel)rere.fjiinbertameritantfdje?ltteu unb SBarte
pviqaeullceo.ugrr.adpe.hep.srdeelmliBoeunrsnhoerbuderrredgo!anuelepeuotrinrtteramdveearicvliiieeesmtealnmatpsehalasoiegisxroaAlpimhd--e ,lAt^a-eartrbaelennvnfeiragceulUif)iceibinaebgrljfetUtw,uaofnfnttornSnffcbtanctMcriinnetnf©ccbnrieitfaibenbie-ifrnuufenrcrijtcecflneneelbeuia.biie.nvvt.cible.oefnilnrSTaj*ipeJebIvifntiicedrrjtecfbrieibSfefruluranlbubccinbtbcacnut,n4uujminiitblnc
sur laquelle rexperienccs (\e I'Europe, unie a (^elle de baleinjweiferunbbrittor(M-rmebiter^luflaiieetfcbciucnunbal8a3e-
TAmcriiie, edifiera peu a peu la eonnaissance scien- lueiSfCirbie ilovtvefflidjfeitbegiKudjeSmag aucb bcrUmftanb ange-
tifiqueet pratir|uedesvignesAmericaines." fiibrtti>crben,baftcSbereitSinfriin-,ofifci)erunbinitalienif^erSprac^e
cvft^iencnift.
Montpcllicr. Ic-.',fi'vrier]SS."i. •I.-F. I'lanchon. St1 fteVneuburg, Oftevn188.">. 3(. foil ^atio.
GRAPE MANUAL
ORKilN. CLIMATE AND SOIL. Considered the vine a gift of Dionysus, the
god of vegetation.
THE
GRAPP]. the longest known, the ear- According to Egyptian tradition Africa
liest cultivated of all fruits, when and owed the grape-vine to Osiris grape-stones
;
where did itoriginate? 'Neathwhat suns did (seeds) were found with mummies from
the first grape-tendril twine into rich luxuri- Eg3'ptian toml)s of more than three thousand
ibvenrcrei?es?WhWahtohacnadnstgeallt?hered its first luscious ayenadrsItaagloia;nalsakaelsdowaelmloinnggsthoefrtehmeaBirnosnozfe-Sawgies.s
Long before research folded back the cur- In Greece, wine was already in general use
tains of time, long beforethe breathof histor}' during the Homeric and Hesiodic times, and
-ciystalized incident and event, the "amethyst it was from the islands of the Ionian and
clusters" of the grape ripened under sunnj" Egean seas that the seeds of an inexhaustible
skies. Veiled in m^'th, clothed in the shades civilization were thrown on the world.
of the past, gleaming from legend and fable, Turning from myth to ancient history, we
it comes to us breathing suggestions of sylvan find that some three thousand and two hun-
deities, Greek festivals and Egyptian rites. dred years ago, when Moses, leader of Israel,
—
Uiblical figures rise before us as we ponder sent men to se—arch the land of Canaan their
on its origin, and Kings, whose ver}^ names promised land and bring of its fruit, two of
are now forgotten, crowd by on time's re- these messengers, coming to Hebron, where,
motest blue. in the double cave of Abraham, their fore-
The bible itself tells us how, afterthe great fathers were sleeping, cutdown a branch with
flood, Noah planted a vine which, according one cluster of grapes, and bore it between
to legend, was a gift from God, himself. them, upon a staff, to the children of Israel
Greek mythology ascribes to Bacchus the in the wilderness, showing them the fruit of
lionor of having brought the first vine from the land, which they described as "a land
India; the ancient Thracians (Bulgarians) flowing with milk and hone3^"*
*That cluster of grapes, seen through the glass of ingthe grapes. That clusterof grapeswas,doubtless,
tradition, has heen wonderfully magnified, both as to fine and large, especially compared with the small
size and weight. Hyperljolisius are not surprising— Egyptian grapes familiar to the Israelites; Ijut there
should not be surprising—when we consider that they isnoground forbelievingthemlargerthanthosegrow-
are notveryrare inour own day, in the historyofour ing thereat tlie present time. Had theybeenof such
own times even. Popular fancy is ever inclined to phenomenal size and weight as legendary writers
magnify; the more so in events of antiquity, events claim and as some modern travelers pretend to have
-of a period whentlie printing pressdid not exist,and .seen,so important a fact would have been mentioned
when tliere were no exact observers or critics; and bythe menwlio carried them and whose reporttothe
what unbridled fancyhasinvented iscarriedastradi- Israelites was intended to induce tlieir people to at
tion from generation to generation,from one century once go up and possess the good land. Reference to
to another until it is believed and repeated, even Ijy this land occurs (luite frequently in the liiljle. It is
men of science. Thus we find in "Wimer's Biblical there spokenof (Deutr. VIII, 7-9) as "a landofwheat
Encyclopaedia" (Germ., 3d edition, vol. II, p. 684) the and l^arley, and vinesand figtreesand pomegranates;
following: Stephen Schulz who, about the middle of a land of olive oil and honey." And,in his last bles-
last century, traveled for several years tlirough Eu- sing, Moses speaks "of the precious fruits," but no-
rope,Asia and Africa, and published a workof 5vols, wliereis their large size alluded to; nordowe iDelieve
concerning histravels,found onthesouthernLibauon tliat clusters of grapes weighing ten pounds each or
a vine with clusters one ell long, weighing 12 pounds, more liave ever been found anywhere. The immense
whose berrieswereof the sizeof small plums. Forth- villi's raised and grown in England, lately also in
with "Kitto's Englisli Cyclopedia of Bililical Knowl- California, under glass protection, are jus'.ly cele-
edge (vol. Ill, p. 1071;) repeats the statements, refer- brated, and liave produced annual crops of from 1,700
ring them to the same .source, Scliulz and other to2,000 bunches; but these arenotvery large,averag-
travelers. Yet, in tlie simple biblical narrative,there ing ?4 Ills. each. True, the art of gardeners has pro-
isnot one icord tojustifysuch legendary exageration. The duced some single clustersof European grapes(Blaclv
incident toolv placeat thetimeof the first ripegrapes Hamburgh,White Nice, RaisinofCalaljria,) grown for
(Numb. XIII, V. 20), and the messengers, having to exhitiition, weighing from 20 to 25 lbs., but never has
carrytlie fruitoveraverylong journey,afoot,besides iieen found an uncultivated grape, in any part of the
being burdened witli pomegranates and figs, wisely world, of which one single bunch weighed half as
a-esorted to this—then common—manner of transport- much.
f
2 Climate, Soil. etc. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Grape Localities.
The dim legendaiy outlines ofRome's aucieut for the months of July, August and- Septem-
history showus thatNumarompilius (670 B.C), ber, though other conditions were favorable,
pthhiuebrietseuwdcicnteehssesoicautsoftsaocmRraoirtmiyucliapnlosu,creiornregdmeoornfeidewsitnheaendounseprtoho-ef twheecaavnenroatgesruacicnefealdlifnorratihseinfgirsgtrampoenst.hsWishneont
funeral pvre of the dead. more than four inches, and the average for
Alexander the Great found the wild vine in the latter is not more than three inches
India's spicy forests; and the mountains of Fir- (75 mm.), other conditions favorable; the
dwihsitcahn,icnulPteirvsaitaedpmroobraebltyhansupapltiheodusatnhed yveianress hardy varieties can be cultivated with suc-
ago, produced the famous wine of Shlraz^, sti.l cess. But where there is less average rain-
celebrated throughout the East. fall than five inches forApril, May and June,
Thus, from time immemmorial, the attention and a less average than two inches in Jul}.
otfioanllofnatthieonvsinheaswhbeereensoocecvueprieitdswfirtuihttwhiellcurlitpievna.- August and September, all other conditions
being favorable, fruit of the best quality can
AsiBau,tawnhdethhaesrftohleloGwreadpet-hveifnoeotissteapsnaotfivmeaonf bexeceralilseendc,eacnadnwibneemoafdet.he gTrehaeteshtumbiodidtyj^anodf
from the shores of the Caspian Sea, and "in- the atmosphere in some countries, the dryness
tertwined its tendrils with civilization and of the air in others, will, of course, materiallj'
refinement in ever}' age," or whether the change the proportion of rainfall required
thousands of varieties that now exist spring for, or injurious to the grape. Here, a clear
from different primordial forms or species, sky and dry atmosphere, high temperature
certain it is that, although the Grape-vine and very little rainfall for the latter three
may be found in Europe from the Tropic of months, and a less change of temperature
Cancer to the Baltic Sea, and in America than fifty degrees, Fahr., in twenty-four
from the Gulf to the Lakes, the vine is never- hours, any time of the year, are favorable
theless peculiarly the growth of definite cli- conditions for success.
matic conditions so much so that even in its
most adapted cli;mate there are often seasons With regard to the necessity of attention
iffecntotdeovfealcotpumaelntfaiolfurei,tsatflrueiats.t ofFranomimpleorn-g tsoaytsheMmro.stWialdlviaanmtaSgaeuonudsercsli(mtahteicecmoinndeinttionssu,-
and careful observations of temperature and perintendent of the Experimental Gardens of
moisture, in years of success and failure, we the U. S. Department of Agriculture). "It is
have finally arrived at some definite conclu- enoughto i-emark, thatwhere these are favor-
able, good crops of fruit are the rule, and that
sions respecting the meteorological influences
too, even in the absence of experience in
affecting the grape.*
1st. No matter bow excellent the soil, if cultivation ; but in unfavorable locations the
application of the highest attainments in the
tFhaehrre.,isofatlee8mspearvaetruargeeftohratnhefifgtryo-ifviivnegdemgornetehss, art and science of grape culture, so far as
of April, May and June, and a less average relates to pruning manipulations or culture
thansixty-fivedegreesforthematuringmonths and management of soil, will not insure suc-
of July, August and September, there can be cess. Grape culture has now reached a point
no hope of success and where the tempera- from which but little further i^rogress can be
; made without a close recognition of the re-
ture averages sixty-five degrees for the former
months and seventy-five for the latter, other quirements of the i^lant, in connection with
local climatic conditions, the most important
conditions being equal, fruit of the greatest
excellence can be raised, and wine of the being that of freedom from heavydews—(free-
greatest body can be produced. dom from those cryptogamic diseases mil-
2d. When there is an average rainfall of dew and rot). The topographical configura-
six inches for the months of April, Ma}^ and tion of a locality is of far more importance
June, and an average of 5 inches (126 mm.) than its geographical formation. Where the
*James S. Lippincott: Climatology of American vol. Ill, p. 53. An engraving of the Saxon wine press
G1f8lr6ua2epnaecnsed.s—1a/8rff6t.3V—cGDMren.oggJ.rthaSepthaGyyrmaoapfne.:PlaTnhtes—MCe/.teSo.rAoglro.giJcRaelporItns-, iuissnetg,oiveteihtneheihrnabSntydksutrtoetfa'tstyliHeweirEtdnhag.lFirsaVhn.icnee,ByuaotrrdGsvainsfeeclyOlanryidnstfoalwldiirnseg-
ceel+aeIsvneastbeowdtihtshhicitinunia'stMi)iiodtncisuc,rrceosertsiiioenfpitrnhosfeuilEtaaqrbulaeltooccrua,lltiutunirleeseosfstetimhnepevvreierndye cfpiuorlrstttievwdaitaneled)soubftyr1o1pm5r4i,vBbaotyredtehgaeeunxmtalraerpmipeaengaerasotfolatHheeavnaersy1b6eI2I1e..nwOiiutmhr-
by sea breeze. And in the old world, in Europe, it Eleanor of Aquitaine.—Fro»» "Harold," the last of the
extends to about 50 degrees nortli. Sa.rou Kings,bySir Edward Buluer Lytton, Bart. Vol.I,
Along theThames,without thewalls,the oldRoman chapter IV.
cVliunseteyrasr,dsin sttliilelplpauitnsfoofrthEasgtreSemnithlfeiaelvde,sinantdhecfriuelddes IntheSouthern hemisphere,the Cape of Good Hope
oGfarSdte.nGsi.lesT'haendquoesntitohneswihteetwhheerroernnootwrsetaalndvsinHeaytatrodns iIunstthefaNllosrtwhithitinexttheendlsattiotuLdaekeocScuuppeireidorbyantdhepagrrtaspeo.f
were grown,orreal wine made fromthem inEngland, Soutliern Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. But where the
hasbeenaveryvexed question amongtheantiquaries. wintercoldisextreme, itisnecessarynotonlytocover
But itisscarcely possible to read Peggs' dispute with with earth, but also to provide for a liberal covering
iDnaginbeosthHaqrureisntgitoonns iinn tthheeAarfcfhiar?moaltiovgei.a—wSietehoAurtchdueicoild.-, oofr sevneorw-glr)yeepnlabcionugghwsirtiodlc)orlelaekcstoafnbdoahrodlsdattheinstneorvwa.ls,,
—
GRAPE MANUAL.
Localities. Climate. 3
atmospheric conditions are favorable, satis- the mostdesirablequalitiesthatwill be suited
factory results may be obtained, even from to all localities." G. W. Campbell.
poor soils, but in ungenial climates the very Wm. Saunders, Superintendent of U. S.
best soils will not guarantee success." Experimental Gardens at Washington, D. C,
Moreover, with our present and increasing says: "'Our native grapes are destroyed by
facilities of transportation, grape culture on winter frosts because they have been sub-
a large scale cannot be remunerative, except jected to mildew in summer, and it is only in
in favorable localities which will produce the special localities that all kinds grow well.
best quality almost every 3'ear with certaintj'. The most generally cultivated grapes are
Where the production is low in quality and confessedI3" not those of the best quality
quantit}', and often entirely fails, grape cul- either for table or for wine."
ture may exist on a small scale for home use "The best grape climates are those where
and market, but on a large scale it will not there are least dews, and wherever we find
reward the vintner's labor, and would finallj^ specially favored localities, we will find this
be abandoned. As California in the West, partial or total exemption from heavy dews.
so does Virginia in the East, and parts of This has long ago been demonstrated, and
Texas and Arkansas in the South, seem to new grapes emanating from favored regions
possess the best localities for grape culture will fail to give entire satisfaction when
on a very large scale. But lately a locality grown in localities less favorably situated,
has been found in the southwestern section and thus lead to disappointment. Thisis the
of Missouri which promises to surp—ass most reason for so many seemingly conflicting
others east of the Rocky Mountains uniting opinions regarding the merits of varieties,
most advantageous atmospheric c—onditions and it is unfortunate that these considera-
(ozone),altitudeand thepropersoil namely, tions are not better understood and recog-
theOzarkMountains, whichare nomountains, nized. When a j'oung grape-\ine loses its
but mostly high rolling table lands, extend- foliage by midsummer, and the green shoots'
ing throughthe southern tiers of her counties remain unmatured till frost, that variety
to Northwest Arkansas, reaching an altitude might aswell be discarded atonce noknown
of l,oOO feet; being above the heavy, muggy method of pruning, fertilizing or c;are in cul-
atmosphere prevailing over the great Missis- tivation will help it."
sippi basin, and thereby indicating a com- C. L. Watroiis. of Des Moines, Iowa, wrote
parative freedom from rot and mildew, the in an excellent paper on "Testing New
great drawbacks of successful grape culture. Fruits:" No one can safely commend a new
There are only a few countries where the fruit for general cultivation in an}' region
grape will, in favorable seasons, grow to per- until it has been well tested there under all
fection, and there is no country in the world usual conditions, nor until after thorough
where all kinds of grapes would succeed. trial, for a period equal to the usual life of
Species found in the lower latitudes will not an individual of that species.
flourish if removed further north; the natives But because a vine does not succeed in
of higher altitudes will not endure the south- one place, it is no reason that it may not be
ern heat ; the Scuppernong cannot ripen of the greatest value in another which is
north ofVirginia the Foxgrape of the North suited to its character.
;
will scarcely grow in the lower regions of Notwithstanding that over 1500 varieties
Carolina and Georgia a vinewhich produces are cultivated in P^urope, yet the number of
delicious grapes inMis;souri may becomevery kinds especially adapted to the different lo-
inferior in the most favored localities of New calities is ver}' limited for each of them, and
Hampshire. we seldom find more than three or four varie-
Thus the climate, the mean temperature as ties toform the main bulk of the vineyards of
well as the extremes, the length of the grow- the different sections each province, county
;
ing season, the relative amount of rain, the or township even, having its own special
ameliorating influence of lakes and large favorites. This question of adapta1)ilitv to.
rivers, the altitude as well as the soil, have soil and local climate is one of the greatest
an almost incredible influence on various importance, and should be closelystudied b}^
varieties of grapes; and a judicious choice the intelligent grapegrowerif hewould make
of locations adapted to the grape, and of its culture a success. No existing variety,
varieties adapted to our location, its climate and probably none thatwill everbe produced,
and soil, is therefore of the first importance. is well adapted to general cultivation in more
"No one grape is suited to all localities; than a limited portion of this vast countr3\
neither is there any one locality which is This iimitation is not determined by isother-
suited to all grapes; and we must not expect mal lines. Success orfailure ot a variety de-
that any one variety will be found possessing pends not only on degrees of heat and cold
;