Il Messia sofferente. Una sfida per Matteo, Marco e Luca. Saggio sulla tipologia dei Vangeli sinottici

166 Pages·2021·6.285 MB·Italian

by  Jean-Noël Aletti

Je aNn o-eAlle tti
ILM ESSIAS OFFERENTE
Unas fipdeaMr a tteMoa,r ceo L uca
Saggsiuol tliap oldoegViia an geli sinottici
Queirniana
Ringravziivoa me]netaen -PSioenrnreet
chmei h ai ncoraggaias tcriov erqeu esltiob erl ooh aa ccettato
nelclao ll«aLneal ivertle e r ouleau»
presLseos sius
aS ylveiL eo uis
ospidtas ie mpre
LeP are(nO rthez)
aA micieeH ubert
pelar nostarmai cizciinaq uantennale
Titoolroi ginale:
Jean-NAloeelt ti,
LeM esssioeu !fraUnndét fi. pouMra tthiMeaur,ee t L uc.
Esssauilar ty polodesgi évea ngisylneosp tiques
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sionienq, u alsfioarsmeiac onq ualsmieasziz coo,m presleaf otocoelp aida i gitalizzazione,
senzal 'autorizszcarziditeotlnale ' EdQuietrriinciean -aL.e f otocoppeirusoe personale
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Introduzione
Ilpr esseangtfgeai os eagq uuietsllouov i a ngceolmibe i ografie'
dic usipi r esuplpalo entetA u qruae.sp troi msaog gdiico u,oi s o
presunmoetreet elpseri i ncriipmaalinild, o l eNtotnodriem.e no,
pecro locrhpoeo trebnboeanrv oea rveu iltt oe mppeopr r enderne
conoscienpn azrae,pc ucnhdtiei ci a picthosele ig uroinfouo lremrò
inm odo brevel ete e eslc ieih dieaeers ope oi snqt uelli bMrao .
siccqouiml ae'r gompernetisoneo s aèml eta i polsoegndizuaab, b io
noèni nuitniilzeci oalr er icmoorddcoao rnecc iihscenoo sqau esto
termsiingen eid fiecsaii gngn ean epreairlb ei blisti.
IL.a t ipooglidaeN lu ovToe stamento2
C'bèi sodgniso e gnal:fina drael,l 'cinhiiletz eirom,tinp ieog loinao n
èu sadtaori a cceovnatlniig ecQiu?e svtooc abpoitlùao r ddeos igna
1} .N-.AL ETTI,J ésuunsve,ià er aocntEesr.ss aulire gdeeénsvr aeln edgseMi atthieu,
MareeLt u Lce,s scioullLs.e,l ivertle re o ulNea amuu-,Pr ar2i0s.1 T 6radiontit toa liano
ei ni ngleGsees:uù n,va i dat raa ncctoaIrglee .nel e ertrtideoerv iaa nidg Miea lttMeaor,c o
eL ucaS,a Pna o-lGoBP recsosl,Ll e.c t1i1Co,i ni seBll.-Ro o m2a 01T7hB;ei rot/h
thGeo spealBssi ograWpihtAihne yasslo.e/ Tsw oC hallPeenrgpiiacnGeogB,P recsosll,.
AnBiSbt udi1a0R ,om 2a 017.
2C fNr. .F RYE,T heG reCaotd.T e heB ibalnLedi atteurHraer,c oBurratNc eew,Y ork
1892[ trita I.dg,l.r acnoddeLai cBei.be b ilelaat taetru,Er inaauTdoir,i 1n89o6, n] onché
l'opceorllae tact uirvdaaiR .K uNTZMANNT,ypo logibei qbulCeie,r cfo,lL ie.c dtiivoi na,
Par2i00s2.
Introondeu zi
6
nondimuneanl oe ttduerlSalcr ei tteuffreet tmueadtiaa qnuteeras tci­
conets ip esdseofi nnietmlao dsoe guente:
Cont ipoloaglimae,n o csoumgeg erli'sucdseeo lA lT'd ap artdeeN l T,si
intendleap ercezdiio cnoer risponsdiegnnziefi cfarltaeic vaer atteristiche
el ec ircostdaidn uzeie n dividiusit,i tuoz aivovnein imsetnotri-i ccoir ­
rispondteanclzhiee c iascèuin not erprceotmaeut no' anticiop aunz ione
compimednetlloa' l trd.
Anchseei eprsonagagvvie,n igmleeli nei t sit ituzioni dell' AT sono
talvcohlitaam partoif edzeNilTa ,s embprraee fribielvei tqaurees to
appelliantfiavitonbt; ai s,ae l ltai polnoognèi u an,o racoou lnoa
parodleaAl Tl c'h ter oivpla r opcroimop imennteNolT ,b enpseìr ­
sonagagvvie,n imeenctcii.na,, l ttreir mrienaicl otnàc roegtneu,n a
delqluea hlaii ls usoi gnifince'alatlmob iesnptaez eit aelmep orale
chfue illorCoi4sò•p iepgear cchoém,se a 'nAgtostiEn.Ao u'e,r bach
preifsepcraer ldair« ep rofreezail(aeR »ep arplohee,t)d ialla trine,os"
poic<hdfiéag u(rvae teroteshtaatm aenrntetaaa slrttioàar )qiu caan to
ciò ecshspear eotfziza»7•
li primeol eme(nAtToè) c hiamtapitooe,i ls encdooa ntiptoi.
Quesrteal azgiiounsetl i'fiaecplapl agtliovbota pilooelg aiI.lp rimo
è chiamaantcofih eg uarnet,ei ls econfidgou r,ae l talo orroea l­
zioinndei cpae cri sòt escshloe a t ipolèou gn«i'ia n terpretazione
figurale»8•
3 M.K NOWLE]Se,r eimnMitz aht etw'hGso spelT.h Ree cjteedp-hPemrtoo/ ti inM at­
thaReeadnoa cnJt,Si OPTr ecsoslJ,l S.NS Tu p6 8S,h effi1e99l3,2d 2 .S3i t roveranno
descrainzailooningiR h .Ke U NTZMAN(eNd T.yp)o,lo gbiieqb ulceii,2t 6.-,72 .7 4
4 Sulr appoprrtoof ezia/stivi epdaoanl coGhge.i aW.G, R OGNA,Th eR eloantspih i
betwPerpeohne acyn Tdyp oglyoi,nS cotBtulilestohi/ E nv anigcTeahel!o l4o( gy18 96)
5-.1P e6lrda istifnzrtiaio pnoele ao lglieag sociro inas,uR l.Kt eurNàT ZMANTypNo,lo gie
biqbulceii,2t 7.,0 .
5S ANT'AOGLa,O CiStTItNàD iod2,i7 8 ,.
6C fEr. .A UERBACFHgi,u rianS, t usduDia nFteel,t rMiilnaenll1oi89 ,3,1 86.
7I b,i1 d8.Ai6 fi.ni d iu nmaa ggicohriea rheoaz gzgai,ui tnlet rom firnpaea rentesi.
8I bid2.0,21 0-D9'.o inr pao cio nsideeqrueirvòal leee snptrie s<s<iloetntiitp -uorlao
gicea< ><>l efitgtuurraal e».
Introondeu zi 7
In quesmtood iloN Tp onienr elaztiiopnoel coogGnie csaCù r isto
parececrhsigo gnpeia re!alstaàc:( caco a usa«A qdeeadllh')9» ,E lia,
il SerdvioI s5 3e l ev ittdimeesi a cranifitciic mhaia ,n chle'r acdai
Noèe il b attesli'lmaboed,re oll 'dEenl ae crlEo'scoede,o la morte/
risurrdeiGz eiosEnùle,i Gai oev aBnantit eicscCt.oa m heo m ostra­
top eLru ac1e0 comep romip odnigm oo strpaerrMe a recM oa tteo,
ln'tierpiroentea ztipporleovgnaielrcieaa c coenvtainc gieM.lo ilte
pericdoeSpiii n otfturiocnsioc elte ppootiecvehaséns oeu rseai tne
modot ipolopgeiqrcu oe;sp tooss iamdoi re lcath iep olhoag iian
pardteet ermlian rafmtoaoz idoentlee sssuitnoo ttico.
Das emporq eu alsait ,r adicziroinseth iaia nntpare ertaqtuoe ste
relazdiieocnndico h ile c ompimepnretsou ppuonnase u periorità
dealnlt'piost ulit ip(oG esèù pdiiGù i onpai,ùd iE lieac) cC..o me
spapiailmso e,r moangEelb ir seviip lpauu ntai poliong mitoarm ee n­
tic:o ntinudiitsàc,o nteis nuupietràa mento11•
Sic onconreddlai rcehl eat ipoldoelNg Tiè ae ssenzialmente teleo­
logipcoai,ci hnéd iincc ahm eo dloefi gudreeAll T'h anncoo mteé los
il Crisetl eor eanletoàt estamQeunatnaatrloitl eiao.p l ogeibar aica
(bibelp iocsat -ibc,ias b)idl icceh sei ianm anieprrae pondearran­te
cheolo-ogriiceanvteartsao a rhuncae- ,pi sùp ecmiefincteaes odale
em osiacSai.a mmetatnec hceh lea t ipolnoegoitae stamseinat aria
slavifi,ic naq uanilts ou oob ietctoinvsoni esmlta en ifelso'traireen ta­
mentsoa lvidfieclsolta o ria.
9 fu (Ge2n2 , 'aqad
Come! saccloe gastuoll e gno ivle rbeob raico signilfiecgaa re),
(A5t, 03 1;0 ,318,3;2 G 9al;,3 1 3P;t22 ,4).
anchGee sfùu l egatloe gnadole lclrao ce l Si
è l'qAedah Cfr.
pensaatnoc hceh e foslsafe o nptrei ncidpealtllieap olmoagtitae. a nLa.A.
HUJZENGAT,he N eIws aTarca.d aintIdin ottnee xrltiiutntay h Geo spoe/Mla thtewBril,l ,
113, 2009.
colNlo.v TS up Leyden Interpreptearlzoimoendneio s cutibile!
10J .-N.AL Em,]séucsi,tc .a,pV .,1 701-2[7t riatd1..13, 1 -56].
11 VA NHOLeYE m,e ssdaegép eil t'ar ueHx é rbeux,
Puntsio ttoldianA e.a ti Cerfc,o ll.
CahiÉevra ngi1le9P ,ar 1i7s9 ,74 1(r iqucahdehr oac omtei t<o<lLot erso ciosn ditions
del 'accomplisdseesÉmc ernitt ur[etsr»ai)dt Il.. m , essadgegllLiaeo t taegErlbair ei,
197.9 ]
GribaudTio,r ino
8 Introondeu zi
Alcuned istinimzpioortnaniti
n.
Inn umeropsais isv ia,n gseilnio atltliucdiao llnSeoc ritture12;
ma non
tutlteae ll usirioennit rnaneoc essariaammebnidtteeoll t naie ploll'ogia.
Intftaliov, e drenmdco a .p3 i,nM c1 2,3-il S ign(oirgner e/eycor,i èo s)
evdientemGeenstOùer. a q,u esti vMearrsrceiotp trie ndiId 4so0 n,o9 -
10i,nc ulios tetsesrom diensei YgHWHn;a ef annion tenqdueirned i
chGee sèùS igncoormele oè Y HWH. Allos temsosdoo in, M c7 3,2-
37G,e sfùap arliam ruetc io,m YeHWH inI s3 5,-6ilt ermignree co
mogltihliossit1 r3o svoalin o q uesvteor sedtiIt soae iifl aM c7 3,2I.n
quesdtuiep asMsair,ac lol urdeealm enaltleSe rc ittmuarp eo,s siamo
dirceh qeu liar elazèit oinpeoc lao?g diLeafin izidoenllteai pologia
formuldaatgael sie gseetcio,ln adq ou aillt ei pèio n efriaollra'en tiot,i p
sembvriae tYarHWHl,o il:k yriosd elTl,p'u Aòe ssilet riepdi o G eseù
inferail ouriIen?b revien,d iviedcuhasirc er ittnuornsi isgtcniaic fii
immediatcahmseeai nb tbeai c ah fea rceo rne laztpiioolnoig iche.
Un'latdrias tindzari iosnpee ètq tuaerllfeaar r ipresa tei pologica
snykisriQsu.e sltt'iucmoan sniesclto en ofnrtaperres onaazgigooin ,i
avveneinmtiin,d icial nodrpouo n tini c omuenl eel ordoi ffezree,n
las uperidoer'lniulots àu 'alllterc.ocL at ecneircgaai à upsraetsas o
glAin ticEhsisf.aa cepvaar dteepi r omgnhsdyma,ct iaoeès ercchiez i
ig iovaalnliid eovvie vfaraneom; a e ruas taaa nchdeas critctoo­ri
noscicuotmPiel, u tarccuosi,ic odnio scloeVn itope a ralleÈlu ena.
deltleec nipcrhefee drietlel 'evaLnugcecalh,pie as rtaag Goinoav anni
BatteiG setsaiù nL e1 -,3i pla steol rade o nnai nL e1 ,510-,id1 ue
farteilnLl ei1 51,-123,em ostarnac hger,a zailesln yak r,ic shigesl i
_
apostPioeltierP oa olo sonGoe scùMo1am4p e•e rl as tersasgai one
menzionneaplta ar afgopr raecedneonnpt oess,i acmoon clucdheer e
12 Ecoheos/S criptiuntrh eGe o spels,
Siv edpae ers empRi.oBH .A YS, BaylUonri versity
20.1 6
PresWsa,c o/TX
13 n
termindee siugnn'ae locueuz niu odniect aor enti.
14 (sjnriksis) Atti,
Sul'lusgoe neraldiezplza artaog one nelilb rdoe gli siv ed}aE AN­
NOELAL ETTI,Q uaLnudrc ao cntLeer. é ccmiomt et héologie,
Cercfo,li L.i rleaB ible,
19986,91 -21.
Paris
Introondeu zi
9
inA tiltn ia rraatbobrfieaa t dtiGo e silùt ipdoed iu aep ostpooliic,h é
egèl im aensitfamsepunetrei aorde esssien. o ntM uatl tesen y krsieis
sontoi polhoeog,gi ncrie laztiiopnoel iongc iocmap enssib oa ssau
unas yniks,rpi osichéi t sroanctoot miu anlfii g uradnetAleTl e'a l
figurdaetNloT a eprmetdtiae crceo starli.
Nels aggpiroe cedsepnetssesèi,eo s amiilnr aetqou inseicterosi soa
pelreb iogrcaifioleaè',n aginsoiilrsr iconoscdiemvlea nltodori e
-
un uomod ap ardteesi u ocio ntpeomraneed ie lgleen erazioni suc­
cessiAvffinec1h5u.énu omfoos soeg gedtit oub niao gr(aigfinra e co,
bois)d1ov6e,ev sas errinceo nosdceiguntoo, npoonci 'cehréba oinio
chdei u omiinlil usnt prrie1s7es•na tgegs iipo r opodnime o strare
che,pe rla 'n aginsdoiirGs e scùo mMee ssgilaei,v angehlainsntoi
dovurtioc orarletlriaep olLoagt iioapl.o gdieSaii notèst iucbio rdi­
nataala ln'a ginsoIipr sr.o ssciampii mtoosltir erlaosn pneor,i amo,
chsee ntzioapl ognioanc si arebmbaesirt oad teriia cceovnatnilg ieci.
Ili mitie die stidneaslta agrig io
lll.
Lat ipolèom goilatp or eseanntcenh eeQl u arVtaon geMlaon .o n
sarà oqgugdiei ut ntoap resentpaoziicoqhnuéee ,ss taog gcioom,e
ilp recedseiin ntcee,n sturSiein roàt tciicosièu,r i a ccodniMt atit eo,
MarceL ou acD.e ttcoil òe,o ssvearzieol neri i flescshiseoa nria nno
propopsotses oensos earpep licatdei fsfiecanolrzl aatc àc onto gio­
vaneno.
Ip ridmeis tindaiqt uaerssita og gsioong ole is egdeetNliT i,n p ar­
ticogllias rpee cidaelviia sntgsiei lnico .itN toinpe rq uesltasoc rittura
saraàs treuil sn ao,s taruos piècc hiieot eolmoaga in,c choel ocrhoe
hannunoa_c erta cbuilbtlviui trcraao ,vi mnaot epreirrai flettere.
15In .J,séucsi,pt a.s,sim.
16In alttreir mivintiall,.s ostangtrievbcooi ohgariè ap iptùa r(doVs ecolo d.C.).
17 ilD ev irisi ulsltribdiu s
Cfrp.e,er s empio, Svetonio.
l.
Lat ipoldoeSgiii nao otgtigcii
IL.e r agidoenltili ap oloSginioatti cdie i
In Ges,uù nvai dat ar aocnactrheos, o ttollmi'pnioerattdaoen czias i­
vad ealnla'g nspo erislrira e dazdievoian neg. Ge llieiv angpeloitsetir o­
nor ealizzilla orireno t epnotiocr hiéu scais ruopneogr liah raen dicap
chsee mbvraanvoi etlaorrdeois rcivuenrvaei (tuabn oi sd)iG es.ù
Infaatltleios rivasa tnseoo ltbanoitidio uomiillnuise tb riis,o gnerà
mostcrhaGere es lùoe rcah,ee g elriilaM essaiteatsil oF ,i gdliDi ioo .
Nondimesneco o,ln sa u rai surreerdzaii voenpneeu irtd oi scleap oli
figurreag galleo raitotsdeaas lltaer adiezbiroaniilicr hiefid'ui,t oc ui
ersat aotgog etltsaou m aoe r itnce r oicgen,no miioesraa,cn oon trari
alalsep teitvitena;fl aeSt rctiit ntuorne annvuanncun oiM aesssioaf ­
fereMnats eoi.b ietGteesrrùià s:on rotno fdroiscieenL e2 4,26-27
che, sleeSc cornidtiloCt ruirset,o /dMoevsessvoriaffia r EeP ?i etro,
segueinncd iiloòs umoa esntordnoi ,c hiinma arnai anecroarp ai ù
frtoec h«eD i[o... a ]v epvrae annupnecbrio actctoau tidp tiri o feti
[.. .] c h[e.. . il] s uCor idsotvoe svoaff ri(rA3et1,» 8 P)u?r troppo
nosnti r overpaanssnscoir itcthuaern alniu ncliesan ooffe rednezle
Messia. lS'neuooc l ao'lntderoso e gIe5st2 ,a31,5.. 3..:.,21s aresbtbaet o
1O ltarp ea r�ehcip asbsiib lniocti(i S 2a,elc c.)p,e ercs ferm.p2 iB oa r3u0,;c14 0,-1;4
70,97;2 ,7321,;-O 2r;a csoilbniii, l43l95i;4,1-4149E;s d1r23a1, 3-4S;a ldmSiia o lmone
4
1,7124-3.