Il destino

306 Pages·1996·6.347 MB·Italian

by  Alessandro di Afrodisia, Carlo Natali

ALESSANDROD IA FRODISIA
IL DESTINO
Prefaiznitornoed,cu ozmimoennet,o ,
biblieoi gnrddaiific ai
CarNlaot ali
TradudziCi aorlnNoea teadEl lii Tseat amo
Rusconi
Priemdai zmiaoggin1oe9 9 6
Tu niidir ittiri servati
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ISB8N8- 18-22033-0
PREFAZIONE
Chsiii ncadriip crae senatlpa urbeb lliapc roi mtar adu­
ziointea ldiiua nnosa c rifiltotsoo fainctoip cuoòt rovianr si
gradviiff icsoplinttàdo,ao pposetsei gednazu en:ap arte
l'impedigf noor naillr eet tuonri en quadrasmteanntdo ard
dellsoc rietd teosl u oa utobraes,a stuolli en terpretazioni
piaùc credei,td aatllae'l, ti rlda e,s iddeiri inot ervienn ire
modop ersonneadillb ea ttfiotron,e unndapo r opprrioa­
spettfirvuait,nt eov itdaellb ailveo srvoo litnot oarnlto e sto
dell'auDtoovreen.ed sop olrapr oel emainctai deterministi­
cad iA lessadniMd rrood iasdiu anl ettcohrieem maginia­
moe ssenroenl os peciamlail sost tau,d eonl tose t udioso
difil osofiinat,e reaslsqlauate os tdieodlne et ermiendi smo
al confrtornlatea o n tiche diels etc euosfirsliioeos noif iche
modernneo,ai b biadmeoc idsiao t tesstuad riunc ai p osi­
ziodnice o mpromesso.
Nonc ii mpegneqrueimnaodd ui n at rattaczoimopnlee ­
tad it utipt rio bldeiqm uie stteos mtaos ,o laodi ndicia re
temtie oreticpaimiùen ntteer esess ainctciol;mac e o m­
prensidoenllpeao lemdiicA al essadniMd rrood isia pre­
suppolnace o noscdeenllztaae oriad esdlte ositcdiaan too,
chgel Sit oniecmlio ndaon tifcuor oinp or incsiopsatlie ni­
todreidl e terminpirsemsoe,n tuenrp eamnoo rgaemnae ra­
leem oltsoi ntedtiqi uceosd tiaf fiecc iolmep ledsostat rina
stoiscean,z a proporci l'admidb airznuieno as o obiettivo
lettcurriato irciag iPnearql uea.n rtiog ualrapd oas izione
diA lessainndvreocc,ide i,s tacchienpr aermdtoae ll ceo r­
renptrie valneenlltleiat �ercaotnutream porsapneesaso,
molto critiidlc efh aet pvoees,rro stot olliacn oeearreen za
diq uest'oes pietruasa urllslafo o nddeol dloat tard iin
AristoCtipe alreie.n facthteli ' autsiom raen tefnegdae le
6 PREFAZIONE
allies tapnizpùer ofodnedllefia l osodfiiAa r istoptuerl e,
innovainnvd aorp iu nptair ticCoilòna orndi e.r idvaua n
preconcdeetstiodd eirc ioon corèds itaai:tn of agtituis ta­
mentaef fercmhaeut noa i nterpretazicorneea titvrao ppo
puòs emprrieu sact irroev uanraqe u alcfhoer mdaic oe­
reniznaq ualuntqeuspetr oe asdoo ggetCtipo a.rp ei utto­
stcoh ed alslfoo rdziro i troilvfil aoru en itacrhieloe glae
varaiffee rmazdiiAlo ensis andderroi vriinsou ilnttaetrie s­
sanetn io nb anadlapilu ntdoiv isdteallfil ao sofimao rael e
deltleao dreiala lz'io enc eh,qe u inqduie sltiand eila e ttura
posessas eurtei lmteennttea ta.
Dau np untdoiv isfiltoas ofein coonp, u ramesnttoer i­
coi,n faqtuteiss,tc or iptrteos eenlteam einnttie ressisaa nti
dic ontencuhdteio f ormPae.qr u anrtiog uailrc doan tenu­
toil,d ef atmoos tqruaa nltaqo u estdieodlne et erminismo
el afil osofidae lla'z ione umalneag aastlcie oa nncoe dtit o
causeda i,p endsatnroe ttadmaee snstAloee. s sansdurlol,a
scidae slu om aestArroi stoctheenl oene, b buen at eoria
dedle stmianp oo,l emiiznvz aòrs iueoe p ecroen tlreco o n­
cezidoentie rminicsipt riecsheuenn,tai a n terpretazione
dell'azuimoanndeai g ranidnet erfeosnsdeca,ot ma's èud i
unc oncetctaou dsdiaiv edrasq ou elmlood erno.
Lap rospedtitAl ievsas anpdortor efbobrefs oer nire,
oggliab, a sceo ncetpteuuraln ea« tervziaat »e orica nella
discusssuilofilnlaeo sofia dterllalea ' n aalzbiiasosina tee
suclo ncedtist poi egaezq iuoenlel e bacsoantcee tstuol
«humiadnico a»u sa. Grostsaole esm pordeosès,u i soan­e
tao ggpie irn dicuanrr aep potrrtdaou ee venttailc,eh e
unop receld'aa lrtergoo,l arsmoetnittgloeo ,v erndoiu na
legggeen eraalc eo,n dizcihoiend eu ee venstiiad neof ini­
bill'iu innod ipendendtaelmle'nTataleltc ero on.c edtit o
cautsaal vvoiletinade e ntidfaip caartdtoiea, l cuanuit ori
dil ingiunag lceosmeee,q uivaallce onntcee mtotdoe rndoi
causiana, s solQuuteos!pt.oa s izpiootnree ebsbsees roeg ­
getatdao biezeiu onnapi a,r dteel fillao socfoinat empora-
l È emblemlaapt oisciaz diiJo .Bn aern eAsr,is taptalset'aesnn aa/ry tics,
Oxfo1r79d5, p .9 6c,h aev esvcar i«t"tcoa:uas sieit"s u seidnc olloquiai
PREFAZIONE 7
nenao na ccelt'teaq uivdai«l ceanuzhsaua m iaen« 4c)a u­
sai»n g enerDa'lalet2pr•aa r Atlee ssaèna dnrcohl eo ntano
dalalnea ldiesclio ncedtict aou sa ials cpoinrcaetdteit o
spiegainz iuonnaie n,t erpredtaalazlrii'woa in tet gensteinia­
nap,e cru cio nsidereavreena tllola u cdie c erctaeu ès,e
un
allfai nfer,u dtitu onn ostmrood odi vedere3•
Dalp untdoiv issttao riincool,lt ard ei,s custsriao ne
StoeidcA ir istonteleld ifeca ièt p oo tenziamlomletinn­ot e
teressianen stsiean: f astist cio ntlread nuoefil osofidee all­'
ziopnieiù m portdaelnm toin daon tiecci oò4,a,p rima vi­
stap,o trecbobset iutnuo'it rteio mcac asipoern e una de-
Engliisasf ha,i grloyo tdr ansolfaa tiit(oicntaf h .ce o njun"cbteico"an)u .s e
Philosopuhsiachgaoelw, e vseere,gm esn ertaobl alsiyet soenal H fu mean
analyosfci asu saatniadon an i;ti nisoa at H umean catuhsriees.a siFiotos nr
probably taoad dvoiaps tad biflfteer raennstl" aetxipolna;ns aeteibmoesnt "­
tetrh a"nr easMoanc "f»lr.a.n uova eddiiq zuieosvntoeol uOmxef,o rd
199,4p .8 6o,v Bea rnesh ai np artriev ilssatu oana al isi.
2S ulie gatmrlia' interprheutmaizdaicinco aon nec deitc taoue sdila p o­
sitivoitstmnootc eesdciCo o mteeS tuaMritlc lf,Gr ..R .v oWn right,
Spieagzieoc noepm rens(i17o91nt)er aidt.Ba oll.o 1g7n97ac ,a pID.: u ter adi­
zioPneir. cuonnac ezrieoanldeie slctlaaau sacloimpterà o dutetdui nvai tà
criatlilc'ae mpcifrMri..Bs umnogLa,e c,a usaIlpl oisttàp.or idpneicciloa usa­
len elslaci enmzao de(rna15 99t)r,a d. it1a79l0c.,a pTioItrin-ooIVul ;ni ca r i­
tiaclacl oan cezeimopnieri sdteilcclaaau sadliapt uàn,dt ivii s tdai vearns­i,
chine W .AW.a llaCcaeu,s aalnsidcity e netpxi/lainca tAinonAn r,b 1o7r92 -
1794v,ol lI,.c ap4pe .5 P;. R icoSeeumra,cn adt eill'a(z1i7o97tn)re,a i dt.a l.
Milan1o89 6c,a pi1t1o/elV 4i; I .dD,a tle satllo' az(i18o96n,t)e r aidt.a l.
Milano1 899p,.1 36U.n t entdaiti invtoe rprdectciao znicoaenritest too telico
di cauaslall uacd ee lltae odriiMa . B ungeen ,od ni q uedliHl uam eè,i n M .
EspinLoesqsau ,a ctaruesD eeBs u.n àgA eri st<o<tRee,pv huiel osodpeh ique
lFar anectde el 'étr1an7g1( e1r»9 92)p,p 2.9 -7136.
3 Sull'apwpirtotcgceinos ctheteio nrnie::mroaed, mi os cuptiaeùvr aen ti,
cf]r..-P Le.tL i'ta,c datniso pnlah l iopshoainea lytPhair1qi99us1e p,,p1 . 7 9-
22C6f.ar n.c Wh.eW iciandLa, fi sidcaAi r ist(o16t92)et,lre ai dt.Bal o.l ogna
1993,p .2 3c6h,ie n tiltaso ulraai ceurncsoat u«dsiufoio ndamlinegnutiis ti­
cid ella rdiepcirie nrcciianAp riis totmcapi oesi»ri ,i chpiiaumtat aodus nt o
approckcainot iEangolr.ii ticehinep e r inacriipsit soitaetnlipooco aiir go­
mentaet« icvoin,cd eirt iflteis sicoinodeèe» lp,lr eo spedticlt aisvsei ficazione
delrleaa dletgàsl,ti r umdeirn itcie irnbc rae,dv eepi u ndtivi i s(tp2a.9 1e) ,
noenn tmiettàa fiTIsc ihècec h eer.t avmeernsotee,e q uiavdae lsec lucdheer e
spio sisnac onitnnr aatruuern ea n tcehè ed, i p esré l,aC ausa feon rumla­le
l'adlattrcoohn ,eo esni sltfae o rmsae nlz'ae cnutiien ermiasn coepn;u sòe r­
viarn ee gailrr eea ldiesllmtaoe oarriias tdoeltlecela iucsae .
4I nfina tPtlia tnoonnve iè a ncournaca h iadriast intzraiazo inoeen e
8 PREFAZIONE
scrizipoineùes atetp au ntudaelledl ueep osizMiaoil ni .
tratdtiaA tloe ssandro aèd u nlt iemmipata arttoi colare,
seppure imnpeoclro tnatnedtseetlfi oll ao sodfieala lzi'o ne,
quelldoeld esteid nelol rae sponsaelb ais lufiaot ràml,ae t­
teralriimali 'tiam pordtealinfnlozera m azicohnpeio ssiamo
tradrare es so.
Perq uanto rliagf uoarrmildad a,e f atcoon tiene una
brevees posidzeilotlneaeo r"iaar istodteedlle isctai»n o
(capiItIo-liVIe )du nad iscuscsriiotdnieecl tale eds eit er­
ministiccehnet,rs aultlpaao sizdieoglinS et oicchiet, u tta­
vinao nv engomnaoin omin(actaip iVtIoIXXl-XiV III);
mediaqnutees ctoan futaAzlieosnsea dnidcdreios perare
chaen chcee ratsip edteltlida o ttrairnias todteedllie csat i­
nov erracnhnioa (rdifteai 1t 6o5 1,- 157;1 1,8 -2L2ap) a.r te
polemdiectlar atèt,ai tnuno c ermtood ou,ne sempdiao
manuadleeld liaf fidcico olmtuàn icatzrdiaoo tnterfi inleo ­
soficdhiev eerd seel,l 'impopsesunri fibliolsiodtfiàso ,p, o ­
gliacrosmip letadmeepinr toepp rrie suptpeoosrteiri ce in ­
derceo nint om odoo bietdtelilpveoo s izdieopinr io parvi­
versqaurain,sd iao v venitnuu rnaap olemciocnatt reoo rie
opposIntoel.tAl rees sansdcrroi vienuv nea'p ocianc ulia
posizsitooneierc baae nn oteal ,eo pedreeg Sltio ainctii chi
ancofraac ilmernetpee rqiubiinlind,oi ns ia ttaard deas cri-
produzpiroanexep is,o ieSsuPi lsa.t dornV.e. G oldschLmepi adrta,d igme
dans tlah éoprilaet onidcieel n'noaecn< t,<i RedvueeÉs t udGerse cq5ue8s »
(1495)p,p 1.8 1-415G;.C ambianPola,t oenl eet echneTi,oc ri1n79o1 T;.
Irwin,P latom'osrt ahle oOryxf,or 1d79 7R; B ubnTehero,ri uen Pdr abxeisi
Palto«nG,y mnas9i( u18m»9)7 o,r ina: A ntiTkheem eunn idh mroed erne
VerwandlFurnangkf,u r1tl99M2,p. p 2.2 -G3.6C a;m bianRoe,m arsquure s
Plateotlan « tencéh»<,< Repvuhei losodpelh Fair qauneec tde el 'étr4a nger»
(1991p)p4,.0 71-.6S4 uA risteog tlSdite o viecDdi.i C harlAersi,s tpohtil­e's
loshyo 01pa cotnLi,o nd1o89n;4 B .I nwoEotdih,ca sn hdu maacnt iineo anyr l
stoiOcixsfmo,1r89d5. S ultleao erpiiac vuerdeoiarD a.S edlEepiycu,ru rse'­
lutat01ido ent ienrmiins:mAA .,VV .S yzetes.i.Gsi..g aSNntatupedo1,il8 9 i8 ,
pp1.- 115J;.A nnaEspi,cu ruosn a genincy:J, .B runsc&h Mwi.gN ussbaum
(ac urdai P)a,is osnasnp de rcpetioSntsu.di inHe esll enpishtloiisco p01h y
minCda,m bri1d99g,3pe p 5.3 7-1S.u ltleao drelila' ainz iGoanlee noJ,. dr.
HankinAscotnia,on npdsa ssaiffocenitsoe:nm ,o tainomdno ,r saellf- manage­
menitnG alepnhi'loss opwhriictaiinln:J g.Bs r,un sch&w Mi.gN ussbaum,
Opci.t p.p,1. 48 -2.2 2
PREFAZIONE 9
vernee dle ttalgetl eioord iepeir oparvvie rscaormive,o r­
rebbegrlosi t ordieclni o sttreom poS.p espsooi
Alessanndorneo s pliaclictudane iglia ssuntteio rtiicpii ci
delslcau oplear ipatcehteri ecgag,ol naso u dias cussione,
assucnhtpeie urn a ristoptoeslsioecnsoos eervied enmtai ,
cuaiv olotgegn io ns ip onmee ntase u fficiMeonlztvaeo. l ­
ten ons if as crupdoirl eoi nterinp rteetramprireno ip or i
anchdeid eformpaorlee micalmepe onstiez dieosinu io i
avversnaornai v;e npdeoir n teunntl oa vodrito i psot orico,
eglnio ne spolnepe o sizioni dceognal sis oSlftueot­iac i
delatlàsl poi ridteolll eo raof fermazmiaoc nidi i,cp ei utto­
stcoo saas ,u poa relrete e,ds eig Sltio viecnig oans oi gnifi­
caruen av olcthane e s iatnroa tdtapelu, n tdoiv isdtiua n
aristottuetlltiecec o on,s eguleongzieec f hree;q uentemen­
tei,n faatctciui,ss au oaivv ersdaivr oil searl veasrieg enze
contraddoi dtint oonrv ioele esrp lofrinaori enf ondloe
consegudeenllzloeert oe si.
E.T etaamvoe tvraa doilt tteosd teodl ef atnoecl o rso
della vodriuo n at edis id ottoirnfia ltoos ofia laatn rtai­ca:
duziocnheqe u pir esentcioasmtoi tiuflir suctet o, collabo­
ratidviuo n,an ostrreav isdieoslnu elo a voDruor.a n1t'ee ­
laboradziiq ouneest teos stioa mo isntv aatrriii,ep rese,
ospdieltliBa i bliotdeeclal 'ÉNcoorlmeaS luep eri(eruuree
d'UlmP,a ries )d elFloan datHiaornd( tG inevrias)t,i tuzio­
nic hveo rremqmuori i ngraSziiaamgrore a.at nic haedE .
BerAt.iM,I. o ppoIl.So c,i uEt.oS ,c ribRa.nS oh,a rples
chhe annvoo luctoor teselmeegngtpeear redt iqi u esltao­
voreod o ffrpirreczii osi Rcionngsriagzaliniac.mhB oe.
GambeaF. Orlandpie1 r' ainuetlcolo ar rezdieolbnloeez ­
zee n elplrae paradzeiloln'ei ndice.
Quesltaov oèri onp arftreu tdtiuo n as erdiire i cerche
sullfial osdoefalizlai' o nneelt lraa diazriiosnteo ftienliacna­,
ziactoefn o nddeiMl U RST ed eClN R.
Padofveab,b r1a9i9o5
CARLON ATALI