ii RISK ASSESSMENT BY FAULT TREE ANALYSIS OF ROOF AND RIB FALL ACCIDENTS IN AN ...

150 Pages·2015·2.08 MB·English

RISK ASSESSMENT BY FAULT TREE ANALYSIS OF ROOF AND RIB FALL
ACCIDENTS IN AN UNDERGROUND HARD COAL MINE

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

BY

CANSU DİREK
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IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
MINING ENGINEERING

SEPTEMBER 2015

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Approval of the thesis:

RISK ASSESSMENT BY FAULT TREE ANALYSIS OF ROOF AND RIB
FALL ACCIDENTS IN AN UNDERGROUND HARD COAL MINE

submitted by CANSU DİREK in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Master of Science in Mining Engineering Department, Middle East Technical
University by,

Prof. Dr. M. Gülbin Dural Ünver .
Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science

Prof. Dr. Ali İhsan Arol .
Head of Department, Mining Engineering

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nuray Demirel .
Supervisor, Mining Engineering Dept., METU

Examining Committee Members:

Prof. Dr. Celal KARPUZ _____________________
Mining Engineering Dept., METU

Doç. Dr. Nuray DEMİREL _____________________
Mining Engineering Dept., METU

Prof. Dr. Çetin HOŞTEN _____________________
Mining Engineering Dept., METU

Prof. Dr. Levend TUTLUOĞLU _____________________
Mining Engineering Dept., METU

Prof. Dr. YILMAZ ÖZÇELİK _____________________
Mining Engineering Dept., HU

Date: 11.09.2015

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I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare
that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all
material and results that are not original to this work.

Name, Last Name: CANSU DİREK

Signature:

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ABSTRACT

RISK ASSESSMENT BY FAULT TREE ANALYSIS OF ROOF AND RIB FALL
ACCIDENTS IN AN UNDERGROUND HARD COAL MINE

Direk, Cansu
M.S., Department of Mining Engineering
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nuray Demirel

September 2015, 134 pages

Mining sector has a high rate of injury and fatality among other sectors. Roof and rib
fall in underground mines is one of the most commonly encountered accident causes
that results in injuries, permanent disabilities, even fatalities. Implementing effective
prevention measures based on the quantitative risk assessment is an emerging issue for
underground coal mines in Turkey. The main objective of this study is to determine
the root causes of roof and rib fall accidents in underground coal mines by
implementing quantitative risk assessment. This objective was achieved by evaluating
the accidents occurred due to roof and rib falls from years 2003 to 2013 in the selected
pilot research area, Turkish Hard Coal Enterprise (TTK) – Amasra Hard Coal
Institution. In order to determine root causes of roof and rib falls, fault tree analysis
(FTA) methodology was implemented.

The methodology starts with the preprocessing of acquired data and determination of
the main causes and consequences of roof and rib falls in Amasra underground coal
mine. Then intermediate and basic events of fault tree were identified and fault tree for
roof and rib fall accidents was generated. The risks associated with each basic event
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and cuts sets of fault tree were computed using ReliaSoft BlockSim-7 software.
Finally, major causes of roof and rib fall accidents were determined according to the
computed risks.

Research findings revealed that causes with the highest static reliability importance
are improper personal protective equipment (PPE), procedural errors, and improper
tools. This study, as being the first implementation of FTA in underground roof and
rib fall accidents, is expected to contribute to mining industry and current literature in
various ways. The developed accident database could be extended further to create a
national mine accident database. In future studies, the developed risk analysis
methodology could be used in other mines of TTK and also in other underground coal
mines to decrease the risk of roof and rib falls and consequently decreasing the injury
and fatality rates. The results of this study should be considered in preparing a ground
control risk assessment plan for the particular coal mine and other underground hard
coal mines as well.

Keywords: Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), roof and rib falls, underground hard coal mine,
occupational health and safety (OHS), risk assessment

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ÖZ

BİR YERALTI TAŞ KÖMÜRÜ MADENİNDE TAŞ VE KAVLAK
DÜŞMELERİNDEN KAYNAKLANAN KAZALARIN HATA AĞACI ANALİZİ
YÖNTEMİYLE RİSK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Direk, Cansu
Yüksek Lisans, Maden Mühendisliği Bölümü
Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Nuray Demirel

Eylül 2015, 134 sayfa

Maden sektöründeki yaralanma ve ölüm oranları diğer sektörlere kıyasla daha fazladır.
Yeraltı madenlerinde meydana gelen taş ve kavlak düşmeleri ise en fazla karşılaşılan
kaza nedenlerinden biridir ve bu kazalar yaralanma, sakatlık ve hatta ölümle
sonuçlanabilmektedir. Kantitatif risk değerlendirmelerine dayalı etkili koruma
tedbirlerinin uygulanması Türkiye’deki yeraltı kömür madenleri için gelişmekte olan
bir konudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yeraltı kömür madenlerinde taş ve kavlak
düşmelerinden kaynaklanan yaralanmaların ana nedenlerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu
amaç, 2003-2013 yılları arasında taş ve kavlak düşmesi kazalarının, seçilen pilot
araştırma sahası olan Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu (TTK) – Amasra Taşkömürü
İşletme Müessesinde incelenmesi sonucunda belirlenmiştir. Taş ve kavlak
düşmelerinin kök nedenlerinin bulunması amacıyla hata ağacı analizi (FTA) metodu
uygulanmıştır.

İlk olarak elde edilen veriler işlenerek, Amasra yeraltı kömür madeninde gerçekleşen
taş ve kavlak düşmelerinin ana nedenleri ve bunların sonuçları belirlenmiştir. Daha
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sonra ara ve esas olaylar tespit edilerek, taş ve kavlak düşmelerinden kaynaklanan
yaralanmaların hata ağacı analizi oluşturulmuştur. Her ana olaydan kaynaklanan
riskler ve hata ağacını oluşturan minimal cut setler ReliaSoft BlockSim 7 programı
kullanılarak bulunmuştur. Son olarak taş ve kavlak düşmelerinden kaynaklanan
yaralanmaların nedenleri hesaplanan risklere göre tespit edilmiştir.

Araştırma sonucunda taş ve kavlak düşmelerinin nedenleri arasında statik güvenilirlik
önemi en yüksek olanlar uygun olmayan kişisel koruyucu donanım (KKD), prosedür
hataları ve uygun olmayan aletler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma yeraltında taş ve
kavlak düşmelerinin hata ağacı analizi kullanılarak bulunmasının ilk örneğini
oluşturmakta ve bu bağlamda maden endüstrisine ve literatüre katkıda bulunması
beklenmektedir. Düzenlenen kaza veri tabanı geliştirilerek ulusal bir maden kaza veri
tabanı oluşturulmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Gelecek çalışmalarda, uygulanan bu hata
ağacı analizi TTK’nın diğer madenlerinde de kullanılabilir ve aynı zamanda diğer
yeraltı kömür madenlerinde taş ve kavlak düşmesinden kaynaklanan risklerinin
azaltılması ve bunun sonucunda yaralanma ve ölümlü kazaların azaltılması için de
kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları özellikle bu pilot maden sahası ve aynı zamanda
diğer yeraltı taşkömürü madenleri için de zemin kontrolü risk değerlendirme planı
hazırlanırken göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hata Ağacı Analizi (FTA), taş ve kavlak düşmesi, yeraltı
taşkömürü madeni, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG), risk değerlendirmesi
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To my parents

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to express appreciation to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Nuray Demirel for her deep interest, continuous guidance, and encouragement
throughout this study.

I also would like to thank Onur Gölbaşı for all his help and contributions. I would like
to thank the Operating Manager of the TTK – Amasra Hard Coal Institution Bülent
Yücedağ and the Occupational Health and Safety Manager Mehmet Said Gürses for
their help throughout this study.

I also would like to thank to my friends Başak Bingöl, Esin Pekpak, Mert Durşen,
Ayşegül Gürleyen, and Okan Mete Çoluk for their discussions and support throughout
this study.

Above all, I owe my loving thanks to my parents Serap Direk and Hasan Direk for
their endless love, encouragements, and support for my whole life. I also, must express
my special loving thanks to my sister Göksu Direk for always being there for me.

Last but not least important, I must express my deepest appreciation to my dearest Ulaş
Ateş for his help throughout the study and also for his endless support, love and
patience. Without his encouragement and understanding it would have never been
possible for me to finish this thesis.

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