ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the

39 Pages·2009·0.29 MB·English

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
First praise is to Allah, the Almighty, on whom ultimately we depend for
sustenance and guidance. Second, my sincere appreciation goes to my
supervisor Dr. Wan Tat Chee, whose guidance, careful reading and
constructive comments was valuable. His timely and efficient contribution
helped me shape this into its final form and I express my sincerest appreciation
for his assistance in any way that I may have asked. I am also deeply indebted
to my former supervisor Professor Dr. Abdullah Embong for his invaluable
advice and supervision at the initial stages of this study. Professor Embong
also encouraged me in my interest in this topic.

I also wish to thank the School of Computer Science, its leadership and the
staff for providing me with an academic base, which has enabled me to take up
this study. I am particularly grateful to Associate Professor Ahmed Tahjudin,
Associate Prof Sureswaran Ramadas and Associate Prof Rahmat Budiarto for
their worthy contribution. I am also indebted to my colleagues at School of
Computer Science particularly NRG group. Special thanks, tribute and
appreciation to all those their names do not appear here who have contributed
to the successful completion of this study. Finally, I’m forever indebted to my
family who, understanding the importance of this work suffered my hectic
working hours, To my wife Saciido Mahamoud Warsame, and my children,
Sadiq , Subeyr, Suhayb Su’aad, Sundus and Samiira.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION xii
ABSTRAK xiii
ABSTRACT xv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background information 1
1.2 VoIP over Satellite Communication 3
1.3 Problem Statement 4
1.4 Study Objectives 5
1.5 Scope of research 6
1.6 Implementation Method 6
1.7 Thesis Organization 7
1.8 Summary 8

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 10

2.0 Introduction 10
2.1 Telecommunication Development 10
2.2 An Overview of Voice over Internet Protocol 11
2.3 Convergence Networks 14
2.4 VoIP Protocols 16
2.5 Voice Digitizing and Compressing 17
2.6 Network Design 19
2.7 Delay of VoIP 19
2.7.1 VoIP Delay Processing 22
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2.8 Packet Loss 24
2.9 Jitter 24
2.10 Coder Delay 26
2.10.1 Latency, Lost of Packets and Delay Variation 28
2.11 Voice over Internet Protocol and Quality of Service 29
2.11.1 Solutions for improving the QoS for VIOP 31
2.11.2 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) 32
2.11.3 How does Resource Reservation Protocol Works? 33
2.11.4 Integrated Services (Int-Serv) 35
2.11.5 Differentiated Services 36
2.12 Weakness of VoIP 38
2.13 Satellite Communication 39
2.14 VoIP over Satellite 41
2.15 Quality of Service of VoIP over Satellite 42
2.16 Summary 43

CHAPTER THREE: MFSP DESIGN 44

3.0 Introduction 44
3.1 Study Method and Design 44
3.2 MFSP and Codecs 45
3.4 MFSP and data Sources 46
3.2 MFSP protocol Limitation 46
3.3 Summery 47
CHAPTER FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION 48

4.0 Introduction 48
4.1 Topology 48
4.2 Variation bit rate, Constant bit rate and codecs 51
4.3 Simulation Software 53
4.4 VoIP Gateway Modeling in NS2 53
4.5 Simulation of MFSP Protocol 55
4.6 Processing Node Details 55
4.7 Trace File Processing 59
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4.8 Simulated Data 59
4.9 The Trace Data 61
4.10 Trace File Data between VoIP-Gateway and Satellite 63
4.11 Summary 65

CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 66

5.0 Introduction 66
5.1 Tested Codecs 66
5.2 Verification of MFSP 67
5.2.1 Parameters Used for CBR and VBR 69
5.2.2 Number of Users Vs Number of Transmitted Packets in 69
a Satellite Link with a Given Bandwidth Can Support

5.3 Average one-way Delay with single, 4 6 and 8 frames of CBR 70
5.4 Delay Experiments for CBR Traffic 74
5.5 Bandwidth Experiments for CBR Traffic 75
5.5.1 Bandwidth Experiments Findings for single frame and 4 75
frames for CBR

5.5.2 Bandwidth Experiment Findings for 6 and 8 frames of 76
CBR
5.5.3 Standard Deviation of Bandwidth for all frames of CBR 77
5.6 Analysis of Bandwidth usage for CBR 79
5.6.1 Max, Min and Average Bandwidth Usage for CBR 79
5.6.2 Max, Min and average Bandwidth for 6 frame and 8 81
frames CBR

5.7 Delay Jitter for CBR 84
5.7.1 Delay Jitter for single frame for CBR 84
5.7.2 Delay Jitter Experiment for 4 frames of CBR 87
5.7.3 Delay Jitter experiment for 6 frames of CBR 90
5.7.4 Max and Min delay jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames of 93
CBR
5.7.5 Average delay jitter experiment for CBR with single, 4 95
and 6 frames

5.7.6 Standard Deviation of delay Jitter for single, 4 and 6 98
frames of CBR

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5.8 Delay experiments for VBR 100
5.8.1 Average one-way Delay with single, 4 6 and 8 frames of 100
VBR

5.9 Bandwidth Experiments for VBR 103
5.9.1 Bandwidth Experiment Findings for single frame and 4 103
frames of VBR

5.9.2 Bandwidth Experiment Findings for 6 and 8 frames of 105
VBR

5.9.3 Standard Deviation of Bandwidth for all frames of VBR 106
5.10 Analysis of Bandwidth Usage for VBR 107
5.10.1 Max, Min and Average Bandwidth Experiment for 107
Different Frames of VBR

5.10.2 Max, Min and average Bandwidth Experiment for 6 109
frame and 8 frames of VBR

5.11 Delay Jitter for VBR 111
5.11.1 VBR Delay Jitter Experiment 112
5.11.2 Delay Jitter experiment for 4 frames of VBR 114
5.11.3 Delay Jitter experiment for 6 frames of VBR 117
5.11.4 Max and Min Delay Jitter Experiment for single, 4 and 6 119
frames of VBR

5.11.5 Average delay jitter Experiment for single, 4 and 6 122
frames of VBR

5.11.6 Standard Deviation of delay Jitter for single, 4 and 6 123
frames of VBR

5.12 MFSP Effect on Jitter and Bit Error Rate 125
5.12.1 Optimal Operating Conditions of MFSP 126
5.13 Traffic Reduction 126
5.14 Frame Loss for single packet vs. MFSP different frame sizes 128
testing
5.15 Efficiency of MFSP Protocol 130
5.16 Summary 131

CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 133

6.0 Introduction 133
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6.1 Contribution of the Research 133
6.2 Advantages of MFSP 134
6.3 Recommendation for Future Research 135

BILBIOGRAPHY 136

APPENDICES 140
Appendix A Satellite Propagation Delay Equations 140
Appendix B Silence and Header Compression 141
Appendix C Simple script for a geostationary satellite with two 142
terminals

PUBLICATION LIST 149

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LIST OF TABLES
Page

Table 2.1 Delay associated with Symbol and Explanation 22
Table 2.2 Delay Specifications 26
Table 4.1 KL Nodes sequences Order 57
Table 4.2 For PEN nodes sequences order 57
Table 5.1 Parameters for tested codecs 67
Table 5.2 27 Scenarios for testing 68

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LIST OF FIGURES
Page

Figure 1.1 Many smaller VoIP packets through the network 5
Figure 2.1 Converged network sharing with both data and real-time 14
voice traffic
Figure 2.2 Shows the analog signal converted into binary form 19

Figure: 2.3 Block Diagram of VoIP system: Source (Dive, et al. 2000) 21
Figure 2.4 Summarizing: latency, lost packet and jitter 28
Figure 2.5 Physical Protocol Stack for voice over IP 31
Figure 2.6 RSVP path of reservation signal from receiver messages 34
Figure 2.7 RSVP reservation messages from sender 35
Figure 3.1 Small voices frames load into large packets 45
Figure 4.1 VSAT Station for KL 50
Figure 4.2 Illustrates the other site of the VSAT station for PEN 51
Figure 4.3 UDP agent class: process () 54
Figure 4.4 Encapsulating mechanisms 54
Figure 4.5 Receiver router mechanisms 55
Figure 4.6 Logical structures of proposed protocol process 58
Figure 4.7 How to Process the Simulated Data 61
Figure 4.8 Trace Data between Telephone Devices & VoIP-Gateway 62
Figure 4.9 Trace Data between VoIP-Gateway & Satellite 63
Figure 4.10 Java tool 64
Figure 5.1 Average one-way delay for single, 4, 6 and 8 frames with 73
G.723.1 codec PEN to KL
Figure 5.2 Average one-way delay for single, 4, 6 and 8 frames with 73
GSM codec PEN to KL
Figure 5.3 Average one-way delay for single, 4, 6 and 8 frames with 74
G.729 codec PEN to KL
Figure 5.4 Illustrates the bandwidth utilization for single packet vs. 4 76
frames
Figure 5.5 Illustrates the bandwidth utilization for 6 and 8 frames 77
Figure 5.6 Standard Deviation of bandwidth utilization for all frames 78
Figure 5.7 Max, min and average bandwidth usage for single frame 80
Figure 5.8 Max, min and average of bandwidth usage for 4 frames 81
Figure 5.9 Max, min and average of bandwidth usage for 6 frames 83
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Figure 5.10 Max, min and average of bandwidth usage for 8 frames 83
Figure 5.11 Individual delay jitter for G.723.1 with single frame 86
Figure 5.12 Individual delay jitter for GSM with single frame 86
Figure 5.13 Individual delay jitter for G.729 with single frame 87
Figure 5.14 Individual delays jitter for G.723.1 with 4 frames 88
Figure 5.15 Individual delays jitter for GSM with 4 frames 89
Figure 5.16 Individual delays jitter for G.729 with 4 frames 89
Figure 5.17 Individual delays jitter for G.723.1 with 6 frames 91
Figure 5.18 Individual delays jitter for GSM with 6 frames 92
Figure 5.19 Individual delays jitter for G.729 with 6 frames 92
Figure 5.20 Max-min delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (G.723.1) 94
Figure 5.21 Max-min delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (GSM) 94
Figure 5.22 Max-min delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (G.729) 95
Figure 5.23 Average delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (G.723.1) 96
Figure 5.24 Average delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (GSM) 97
Figure 5.25 Average delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (G.729) 97
Figure 5.26 Standard deviation delay jitter for single frame, 4 and 6 98
frames (G.723.1)
Figure 5.27 Standard deviation delay jitter for single frame, 4 and 6 99
frames (GSM)
Figure 5.28 Standard deviation delay jitter for single frame, 4 and 6 99
frames (G.729)
Figure 5.29 Average one-way delay for single, 4, 6 and 8 frames with 102
G.723.1 codec PEN to KL
Figure 5.30 Average one-way delay for single, 4, 6 and 8 frames with 102
GSM codec PEN to KL
Figure 5.31 Figure 5.31: Average one-way delay for single, 4, 6 and 8 103
frames with G.729 codec PEN to KL
Figure 5.32 Illustrates the bandwidth utilization for single packet vs. 4 105
frames
Figure 5.33 Demonstrates the bandwidth utilization for 6 frames vs. 8 106
frames
Figure 5.34 Standard Deviation of bandwidth utilization for all frames 107
Figure 5.35 Max, min and average bandwidth usage for single frame 108
Figure 5.36 Max, min and average bandwidth usage for 4 frames 109
Figure 5.37 Max, min and average of bandwidth usage for 6 frames 110
Figure 5.38 Max, min and average of bandwidth usage for 8 frames 111
Figure 5.39 Individual delay jitter for G.723.1 with single frame 113
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Figure 5.40 Individual delay jitter for GSM with single frame 113
Figure 5.41 Individual delay jitter for G.729 with single frame 114
Figure 5.42 Individual delays jitter for G.723.1 with 4 frames 115
Figure 5.43 Individual delays jitter for GSM with 4 frames 116
Figure 5.44 Individual delays jitter for G.729 with 4 frames 116
Figure 5.45 Individual delays jitter for G.723.1 with 6 frames 118
Figure 5.46 Individual delays jitter for GSM with 6 frames 118
Figure 5.47 Individual delays jitter for G.729 with 6 frames 119
Figure 5.48 Max-min delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (G.723.1) 121
Figure 5.49 Max-min delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (GSM) 121
Figure 5.50 Max-min delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (G.729 121
Figure 5.51 Average delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (G.723.1) 122
Figure 5.52 Average delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (GSM) 123
Figure 5.53 Average delays jitter for single, 4 and 6 frames (G729) 123
Figure 5.54 Standard deviation delay jitter for single frame, 4 and 6 124
frames (G.723.1)
Figure 5.55 Standard deviation delay jitter for single frame, 4 and 6 125
frames (G.SM
Figure 5.56 Standard deviation delay jitter for single frame, 4 and 6 125
frames (G.729)
Figure 5.57 Number of packets generated by single packets Vs. MFSP 128
with 4 & 8 frames
Figure 5.58 Loss for single frame, four frames and eight frames 130

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