IEEE MTT-V054-I11 (2006-11)

204 Pages·2006·20.139 MB·English

by  FANTOMASPING

NOVEMBER2006 VOLUME54 NUMBER11 IETMAB (ISSN0018-9480)
PAPERS
SmartAntennas,PhasedArrays,andRadars
DesignofUltra-WidebandMonopulseReceiver ............................ A. E.-C.Tan,M.Y.-W.Chia,andK.Rambabu 3821
ActiveCircuits,SemiconductorDevices,andICs
DesignandOptimizationoftheExtendedTrueSingle-PhaseClock-BasedPrescaler ........................................
....................................................................... X.P.Yu,M.A.Do,W.M.Lim,K.S.Yeo,andJ.-G.Ma 3828
Optimization and Realization of Planar Isolated GaAs Zero-Biased Planar Doped Barrier Diodes for
Microwave/Millimeter-WavePowerDetectors/Sensors..................................................V.T.VoandZ.Hu 3836
AWidebandInPDHBTTrueLogarithmicAmplifier............................................................................
...................................................... Y.-J.Chuang,K.Cimino,M.Stuenkel,M.Feng,M.Le,andR.Milano 3843
High-EfficiencyEnvelope-TrackingW-CDMABase-StationAmplifierUsingGaNHFETs.................................
.... D.F.Kimball,J.Jeong,C.Hsia,P.Draxler,S.Lanfranco,W.Nagy,K.Linthicum,L.E.Larson,andP.M.Asbeck 3848
SignalGeneration,FrequencyConversion,andControl
A 17-GHz Push–Push VCO Based on Output Extraction From a Capacitive Common Node in GaInP/GaAs HBT
Technology..................................................................................................H. ShinandJ.Kim 3857
NewTechniquesfortheAnalysisandDesignofCoupled-OscillatorSystems ................................................
...................................................................................... A.Georgiadis,A.Collado,andA.Suárez 3864
FieldAnalysisandGuidedWaves
ASpectralIntegralMethodandHybridSIM/FEMforLayeredMedia .................... E.S¸ims¸ek,J.Liu,andQ.H.Liu 3878
EfficientAnalysis,Design,andFilterApplicationsofEBGWaveguideWithPeriodicResonantLoads....................
................................................................................... G.Goussetis,A.P.Feresidis,andP.Kosmas 3885
Homogenizationof3-DPeriodicBianisotropicMetamaterials .................................................................
................................................................... O.Ouchetto,C.-W.Qiu,S.Zouhdi,L.-W.Li,andA.Razek 3893
(ContentsContinuedonBackCover)
(ContentsContinuedfromFrontCover)
ExperimentalVerificationofPhaseRetrievalofQuasi-OpticalMillimeter-WaveBeams ....................................
................................................H.Idei,T.Shimozuma,M.A.Shapiro,T.Notake,S.Kubo,andR.J.Temkin 3899
CADAlgorithmsandNumericalTechniques
QuadraticProgrammingApproachtoCoupledResonatorFilterCAD .................. P.KozakowskiandM.Mrozowski 3906
Filters andMultiplexers
TheDesignofMicrowaveBandpassFiltersUsingResonatorsWithNonuniform .........................................
..................................................................................A.C.Guyette,I.C.Hunter,andR.D.Pollard 3914
CompactPartial -PlaneFilters .......................................................... D.-W.Kim,D.-J.Kim,andJ.-H.Lee 3923
Low-Loss5.15–5.70-GHzRFMEMSSwitchableFilterforWirelessLANApplications....................................
......................................................................................... S.-J.Park,K.-Y.Lee,andG.M.Rebeiz 3931
Coupling-MatrixDesignofDualandTriplePassbandFilters...................................................................
.................................................................... M.Mokhtaari,J.Bornemann,K.Rambabu,andS.Amari 3940
A Method of Synthesizing Microwave Bandpass Filters Constructed With Symmetrical or Asymmetrical Compact
MicrostripResonators......................................................... Y.-C.Chiang,W.-L.Hsieh,andM.-A.Chung 3947
ANarrowbandSuperconductingFilterUsingSpiralsWithaReversalinWindingDirection ................................
.................................................................................................. F.Huang,M.Zhou,andL.Yue 3954
Packaging,Interconnects,MCMs,Hybrids,andPassiveCircuitElements
ANoise-FreeandJitterlessCavitySystemtoDistributeClocksOver10GHz................................................
........................................................................H.Kato,T.Kohori,E.Kondoh,T.Akitsu,andH.Kato 3960
Dual-andTriple-ModeBranch-LineRingResonatorsandHarmonicSuppressedHalf-RingResonators ..................
................................................................................................. C.S.Cho,J.W.Lee,andJ.Kim 3968
A New Lossy Substrate Model for Accurate RF CMOS Noise Extraction and Simulation With Frequency and Bias
Dependence ............................................................................................ J.-C.GuoandY.-M.Lin 3975
Design of Compensated Coupled-Stripline 3-dB Directional Couplers, Phase Shifters, and Magic-T’s—Part I:
Single-SectionCoupled-LineCircuits ..........................................S.Gruszczynski,K.Wincza,andK.Sachse 3986
InstrumentaionandMeasurementTechniques
Measurements of Permittivity, Dielectric Loss Tangent, and Resistivity of Float-Zone Silicon at Microwave
Frequencies .......................................J.Krupka,J.Breeze,A.Centeno,N.Alford,T.Claussen,andL.Jensen 3995
MicrowavePhotonics
ProgrammablePhotonicMicrowaveFiltersWithArbitraryUltra-WidebandPhaseResponse ...............................
........................................................................................................ S.XiaoandA.M.Weiner 4002
MEMSandAcousticWaveComponents
DesignandDevelopmentofaPackageUsingLCPforRF/MicrowaveMEMSSwitches ....................................
.......M.J.Chen,A.-V.H.Pham,N.A.Evers,C.Kapusta,J.Iannotti,W.Kornrumpf,J.J.Maciel,andN.Karabudak 4009
LETTERS
Commentson“ -BandMultiportSubstrate-IntegratedWaveguideCircuits” .....................................T.J. Ellis 4016
Authors’Reply .........................................................................E. Moldovan,R.G.Bosisio,andK.Wu 4017
Corrections to “Closed-Form Expressions for the Current Density on the Ground Plane of a Microstrip Line, With
ApplicationtoGroundPlaneLoss”...................................................... C.L. HollowayandE.F.Kuester 4018
InformationforAuthors ............................................................................................................ 4020
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Editors-In-Chief
DYLAN WILLIAMS AssociateEditors
NIST
Boulder,CO80305USA ANDREASCANGELLARIS KENJI ITOH STEVEN MARSH SANJAY RAMAN
Phone:[phone] Univ.ofIllinois,UrbanaChampaign Mitsubishi Electronics Midas Consulting VirginiaPolytech.Inst.andStateUniv.
Fax:[phone] USA Japan U.K. USA
email:[email protected] email:[email protected] email:[email protected] email:[email protected] email:[email protected]
AMIRMORTAZAWI YOSHIO NIKAWA DAVID LINTON TADEUSZ WYSOCKI JENSHAN LIN
Univ. of Michigan Kokushikan Univ. Queen’s Univ.Belfast Univ. of Wollongong Univ. of Florida
AnnArbor,MI48109-2122USA Japan Northern Ireland Australia USA
Phone:[phone] email:[email protected] email:[email protected] email:[email protected] email:[email protected]
Fax:[phone] JOSÉ PEDRO RUEY-BEEI WU MANH ANH DO RICHARD SNYDER
email:[email protected] Univ. of Aveiro NationalTaiwanUniv. NanyangTechnologicalUniv. RSMicrowaveCompany
Portugal Taiwan, R.O.C. Singapore USA
email:jcp.mtted.av.it.pt email:[email protected] email:[email protected] email:[email protected]
ZOYA POPOVIC ALESSANDROCIDRONALI VITTORIO RIZZOLI ALEXANDERYAKOVLEV
Univ.ofColorado,Boulder Univ. of Florence Univ. of Bologna Univ. of Mississippi
USA Italy Italy USA
email:[email protected] email:alessandro.cidronal@unifi.it email:[email protected] email:[email protected]
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DigitalObjectIdentifier10.1109/TMTT.2006.886725
IEEETRANSACTIONSONMICROWAVETHEORYANDTECHNIQUES,VOL.54,NO.11,NOVEMBER2006 3821
Design of Ultra-Wideband Monopulse Receiver
AdrianEng-ChoonTan, MichaelYan-Wah Chia,Member,IEEE,and K. Rambabu
Abstract—In this paper, we propose a novel amplitude-com-
parison monopulse receiver architecture for ultra-wideband
radars. This monopulse receiver consists of four ridged-horn
antennas placed in a square-feed configuration, a comparator
circuit that generates the monopulse sum and difference signals,
cross-correlation receivers that detect the monopulse signals,
and an amplitude-comparison monopulse processor that deter-
mines thetarget’sangularposition. Thederivedmonopulsesum
and difference signals are verified through measurements. The
derived sum and difference patterns are compared with mea-
suredpatterns,andtheyshowgoodagreements—measured3-dB
beamwidth = 64 (derived = 6 ), measured unambiguous
tracking range = 5 (derived = 5 ), and measured sum
patternsidelobelevel = 6dB(derived = 8dB).
Index Terms—Monopulse radar, radar receivers, radar
tracking,time-domainanalysis,ultra-wideband(UWB)radar. Fig.1. Monopulsereceivercoordinatesystemsandantennaparameters.
the receiving antennas. This avoids amplitude and phase mis-
matchesatthesumanddifferencechannelsthatmaycauseper-
I. INTRODUCTION formance degradation of the monopulse receiver. Secondly, to
findthesignalgradientinslopeandlinear-regressionprocessors
MONOPULSE IS a radartechnique tolocate the angular
[7],[8],ahigh-speedcircuitisrequiredtoregisterthereceived
directionofatargetbyreceiving theincidentsignal si-
signal amplitudes at different instances within the pulsewidth.
multaneously with two or more antennas [1]. It is used in ex-
In the proposed method, the monopulse receiver registers the
istingpulsedandcontinuous-waveradarstotracktargets,pro-
cross-correlation output at the pulse repetition frequency, thus
viding guidance information and steering commands for mis-
reducing the design requirements of the receiver. Thirdly, the
silesinmissile-rangeinstrumentations[2],[3].Monopulsetech-
pulse distortion due to antenna aperture of the receiving an-
niquewasalsoproposedforultra-wideband(UWB)radarsin[4]
tennasisconsidered.
byHarmuth.
The output of this UWB monopulse receiver can be used
Themonopulsesumanddifferencepatternsofequallyspaced
in a conventional monopulse processor [2] to track targets in
dipoleshavebeenderivedforreceivingshortrectangularpulses
UWB(heartbeatandbreathingsensing)radar[10].Inthispaper,
[4]–[7],andgeneralizedGaussianpulses[8].Twomethods[7]
wepresentananalysisforUWBmonopulsesquare-feedarray
forfinding thetargetdirectionwerealsoproposed—slopeand
(SectionII)andadesignofcorrelator-basedUWBmonopulse
linear-regression processors. The processors’ performances
receiver(SectionIII).MeasurementsarepresentedinSectionIV
were also studied when the sum and difference signals are
toverifythepredictedreceiverparameters.
corruptedbyadditivethermalnoise.
In this paper, a monopulse square-feed array [2] of four II. MONOPULSESQUARE-FEEDIMPULSERESPONSE
ridged-horn antennas is considered instead. Since the antenna
size is comparable with the electrical length of the incident A. Square-FeedConfiguration
signal, pulse distortion due to antenna aperture needs to be A monopulse array of four ridged horns is arranged in a
considered. To do so, we define a continuous spatial aperture square-feedconfigurationinthe -plane(Fig.1). are
functionforthemonopulsearray,andinverseFouriertransform Cartesiancoordinatesoftheantennaaperture,and are
itinspatialdomaintoderivethetime-domainsignal[9]. polar coordinates of the incident pulse, with and denoting
The proposed design for a UWB monopulse receiveris dif- theanglesubtendingfromthe and -axes,respectively.The
ferent from [4]–[8]. Firstly, the comparator circuit in [4]–[8] antenna apertures are labeled as – . Each antenna has the
is placed after the sliding correlator and variable delay circuit same dimensions and aperture field distributions.
while in this paper, and the comparator circuit is placed after The distances between adjacent antennas are and . The
measured dimensions of the antenna configuration, shown in
Fig.1,are m, m, m,and
ManuscriptreceivedFebruary2,2006;revisedAugust14,2006.
TheauthorsarewiththeInstituteforInfocommResearch,AgencyforSci- m.
ence,TechnologyandResearch(A-STAR),Singapore117674,andalsowith Toobtainthemonopulsesumanddifferencesignals,theaper-
theDepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,NationalUniversity
turesareconnectedtoacomparatorcircuit[2]consistingoffour
ofSingapore,Singapore117674(e-mail:[email protected]).
DigitalObjectIdentifier10.1109/TMTT.2006.884683 180 hybrid couplers (Fig. 2). The outputs of the comparator:
0018-9480/$20.00©2006IEEE
3822 IEEETRANSACTIONSONMICROWAVETHEORYANDTECHNIQUES,VOL.54,NO.11,NOVEMBER2006
axis, i.e., , (2) can be rewritten as
,where and are
(3a)
Fig.2. Monopulsecomparatorcircuitwithfour180 hybridcouplers.
(3b)
sum, elevation difference, and azimuth difference, are the pri-
with
mary signals that are used to find the angular position of the
and , and and are the
target.
antenna dimensions (Fig. 1). Using a similar approach
as in [9], we apply a change in the integrand variable
B. Square-FeedImpulseResponseDerivation
for . Equations (3a) and (3b) are
Reference[9]definestheangle-dependentimpulseresponse changed to (4a) and (4b), shown at the bottom of this
ofanelectricallylargeantennaas .Forasignal incident page, where is the Fourier transform of the func-
at an angle, the antenna output is a convolution of tion
with .Inthisproposal, istheimpulseresponseofthe ,and isaunitstep
combinedantennaarray(Fig.1)andthemonopulsecomparator function.BytakinganinverseFouriertransformof ,
(Fig. 2). Since the impulse response is angle dependent, as in we can derive the incident angle dependent impulse response
[9],itisbetterrepresentedas ,formingtheconvolution
relationshipbetween and as
(1a)
This process can be treated in the frequency domain, in
which the spectrum of the output signal is the product (5)
of the spectrum of the incident signal and the fre- with and expressedas
quencyresponseoftheantenna ,where
and are the Fourier transforms of and
(6a)
(1b)
(6b)
is the frequency-dependent radiation patterns of Assumingthatthereceivingantenna’saperturefielddistribu-
theantenna.Furthermore,itcanbeshown[2]that,infar-field, tion isrectangularinshape,themonopulsesumsignal
is related to the aperture field distribution , azimuth difference signal , and elevation difference
as signal canbeexpressedas
(2) (7a)
where isthespeedoflightinfreespace.Let bethe
aperturefielddistributionoftheantennaarrayshowninFig.1.
Assuming aperture field orthogonality between the and (7b)
(4a)
(4b)
TANetal.:DESIGNOFUWBMONOPULSERECEIVER 3823
Fig.4. BlockdiagramofUWBmonopulsereceiver.(Colorversionavailable
onlineathttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org.)
signalexpressedas
(9c)
Fig.3. Plotofexperimental(line)andmodeled(dottedline)incidentpulse
signalantennaparameters.
and aredelaysexpressedas
(9d)
(9e)
(7c) Equations(9a)and(9b)areevenandoddfunctionsof ,respec-
tively.
where
B. UWBMonopulseReceiverArchitecture
and isarectangle
function. The receiver schematic is as shown in Fig. 4. The antennas
andcomparatorcircuitreceivetheincidentsignal.Thesum,az-
imuthdifference,andelevationdifferencesignals(Fig.4:
III. MONOPULSERECEIVER
and )arethenmixedwiththeirreferencesignals
A. SumandDifferenceSignalModels and ,whicharedefinedbelow.Anintegratorthencollects
theenergyofthemixedsignals,whicharethensampledatthe
Apulse,possiblyfromatransponderoraradartargetreflec-
pulse repetition rate, and processed by an amplitude-compar-
tion, is incident on the monopulse array (Fig. 1) at an angle
isonmonopulseprocessor[11].
and .Thereceivedsignalpassesthroughacomparatorcircuit
Thereferencesignalscanbegeneratedbypulse-formingnet-
(Fig.2)togeneratemonopulsesum,azimuthdifference,andele-
works(PFNs)[12]–[14]thataretriggeredatappropriatetimes.
vationdifferencesignals.Lettheincidentpulse beasecond
The time delays can be obtained from a closed-loop target
derivativeGaussianfunctionwith ps,
ranging system [2]. It is assumed that the delay acquisition of
sucharangingsystemisabletotriggerthePFNsatthecorrect
(8) times( and )suchthatthereisamaximumabsolute
valueinthereceivedsignals and .
In Fig. 3, (dotted line) is compared with the measured Theidealcorrelatingsignals and canbe
received signal (line) of a ridged-horn antenna used in Fig. 1. foundbysubstitutingappropriateanglevaluesto(9a)and(9b).
Substituting(8)intothederivationsinSectionII,themonopulse Sincethesumsignalhasmaximumamplitudeatboresight,the
sum and difference signals at the azimuth plane can be idealsumchannelreferencesignal canbefoundbysub-
expressedas and ,andas and attheele- stituting in(9a)asfollows:
vation planeasfollows:
(10a)
Both the elevation and azimuth difference channels have
maximumamplitudesatafixedoff-boresightanglethatcanbe
(9a) foundbycomputingtheglobalmaximumandglobalminimum
points of (9b). The fixed off-boresight angles and
arethensubstitutedbackto(9b)toformtheidealdif-
(9b) ferencechannelreferencesignals and asfollows:
wheresubscript or indicatestheazimuthandelevation (10b)
planes, respectively. is the first derivative Gaussian (10c)
3824 IEEETRANSACTIONSONMICROWAVETHEORYANDTECHNIQUES,VOL.54,NO.11,NOVEMBER2006
as
(12a)
(12b)
Fig.5. Plotoftheoretical,measured,andapproximatedifferencesignalataz-
imuthplanefor(cid:18) =(cid:18) (cid:25)3:9 .
(12c)
The ideal sum channel reference signal (10a) can be gener-
atedsinceitisasecondderivativeGaussianfunction.Theideal
differencechannelreferencesignals(10b)and(10c),however,
arecomplexanddifficulttogenerate.Tosimplifythepulsegen-
erationprocess,weapproximate(10b)and(10c)tofirstderiva-
tiveGaussianpulses and asfollows:
(12d)
(11a)
where and arethesecondandthirdderiva-
(11b) tivesoftheGaussianfunction
withpulsewidths and thatareproportionaltothetime (12e)
difference between the global maximum and global minimum (12f)
pointsof(9b).Thepulsewidthscanbefoundby
IV. MEASUREMENTS
(11c)
Measurements are done to validate the sum and difference
(11d) waveformsgivenin(9a)and(9b),thesumchannelpattern(12a),
andthedifferencechannelpattern(12c).
Forexample,whentheincidentsignalis(8)andtheaperture
A. MeasurementSetup
fielddistributionsasdescribedin(4a)and(4b), canbe
foundas3.9 .Fig.5comparesthemeasureddifferencesignal Fig. 6 shows the measurement setup. A pulse source with
attheazimuthplanewithatheoreticaldifferencesignalof(10b) V, MHz, and Jitter ps (rms) is
andapproximatedreferencesignalof(11a).Thetimedifference used as the transmitter. The receiver consists of two identical
between global maximum and global minimum points of (9b) ridged-hornantennasplacedside-by-sideasaone-dimensional
fortheazimuthplaneisnumericallydeterminedas73ps.Sub- monopulse receiver. This restricts monopulse measurement to
stitutingitinto(11c), pscanbefound.Substituting the azimuthplaneonly. Thereturn lossofthe ridged-horn an-
into(11a),wecanplot ,asshowninFig.5. tennaislessthan 10dBover1–18GHz.Theridged-hornsare
Using(11a)and(11b)asareferencesignalforcross-correla- connectedtoa180 hybridcouplerwith3-dBbandwidthfrom
tionisvalidonlyfortheincidentpulseshape,asdescribedin(8). 1to12.4GHz.Inthemeasurements,thehybrid-couplerintro-
UWBmonopulseradarsemployingotherpulseshapescande- duces some signal distortion and amplitude/phase mismatches
rivetheirownreferencesignalsbasedonthemethodproposed tothemonopulsesignals.Theseimperfections,however,arenot
here.However,minorvariationofthereceivedsignalfrom(8) modeled in the derivations. The sum and difference signals of
canstillbedetectedbythemonopulsereceiver,albeitwithde- the coupler are recorded by a 40-GS/s sampling oscilloscope,
graded performance. By cross-correlating (9a) and (9b) with averagedat1024times.
(11a)and(11b),wecanderivetheazimuthsumpattern , Theaxisoftherotationislocatedinthemiddleoftheaper-
theelevationsumpattern ,theazimuthdifferencepat- tures.Thesumanddifferencesignalsaremeasuredfrom 20
tern ,andtheelevationdifferencepattern to20 instepsof1 .Tofindthesumanddifferencepatternsat
TANetal.:DESIGNOFUWBMONOPULSERECEIVER 3825
Fig.6. Measurementtestrange.(Colorversionavailableonlineathttp://ieeex-
plore.ieee.org.)
Fig.8. Comparisonbetweensimulated(dashedline)andmeasured(solidline)
sumsignalsfor(cid:18)=(cid:0)20 ;(cid:0)10 ;0 ;10 ;and20 .
Fig.7. Comparisonbetweenmeasuredradiationpatternofasingleridgedhorn
withtheradiationpatternsofvarioustheoreticalaperturefunctions.
Fig.9. Comparisonbetweensimulated(dashedline)andmeasured(solidline)
d.ifferencesignalsfor(cid:18)=(cid:0)20 ;(cid:0)10 ;0 ;10 ;and20
theoutputofthecross-correlationreceiver,themeasuredsignals
aremathematicalcorrelatedwithreferencesignals(10a),(11a),
and(11b)derivedinSectionIII-B.
B. ResultsandVerification
The presence of ridges in a horn concentrates the field in-
tensityatthemiddleofthehornaperture.Hence,arectangular
aperture function may not be a sufficiently accurate approxi-
mationoftheaperturefielddistribution.Toobtainabetterap-
proximation of the aperture field distribution, we model it as
a12th-powerhalf-cosinefunction.ItisobservedinFig.7that
when , the aperture function provides the best fit with
themeasuredradiationpattern.
Numerical results of sum and difference signals for a
monopulse receiver consisting of ridge horns with a
aperture function are compared with the measured signals in
Figs.8and9. Fig.10. Theoreticalandmeasuredmonopulsesumpatterninazimuthplane.
Thesumanddifferencesignals(Figs.8and9)arecross-cor-
relatedwiththereferencesignals(10a),(11a),and(11b)togen- corresponds to a particular target angle. The angle-dependent
eratetheoutputsignals,whichareconstantvoltagevaluesthat voltage values for to are shown in Fig. 10
3826 IEEETRANSACTIONSONMICROWAVETHEORYANDTECHNIQUES,VOL.54,NO.11,NOVEMBER2006
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(forsumchannel)andFig.11(fordifferencechannel).Figs.10
and11showthatthetheoreticalandsimulatedvoltagesclosely
follow the measured voltages. Using an ideal amplitude-com-
parisonmonopulseprocessor,themeasuredtargetangleiscom-
Adrian Eng-Choon Tan was born in Penang,
paredwiththesimulatedtargetangleinTableI. Malaysia,in1977.HereceivedtheB.Eng.degreein
Theunambiguoustrackingrangeofthis monopulseradaris electricalengineeringfromtheNationalUniversity
of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, in 2002, and is
5 .Theradar’sangularresolution,definedasitsabilitytore-
currentlyworkingtowardthePh.D.degreeatNUS.
solve many targets [4], is dependent on the array beamwidth, In2002,hewasaResearchEngineerwiththeIn-
whichis6 inthisconfiguration.Themodelaccuratelypredicts stituteforInfocommResearch(I R),Singapore.His
mainresearchareasaremicrowavecircuitsandUWB
theperformanceoftheUWBmonopulseradarintermsofsignal
transceiversystems.
shapes, receiver patterns, and angle predictions near the bore- Mr.TanwasarecipientofanA-STARGraduate
sight. Scholarship(AGS).
V. CONCLUSION
Michael Yan-Wah Chia (M’94) was born in Sin-
Wehaveproposedanovelamplitude-comparisonmonopulse gapore. He received the B.Sc. (first-class honors)
and Ph.D. degrees from Loughborough University,
receiverarchitectureforUWBradars.Wehavealsoderivedthe
Loughborough, U.K., in 1990 and 1994, respec-
received sum and difference signals for this architecture. The tively.
proposed monopulse radar model has been evaluated by mea- In1994,hejoinedtheCenterforWirelessCommu-
nications(CWC),Singapore,asaMemberofTech-
surements, and good agreement was found between the mea-
nicalStaff(MTS),andthenbecameaSeniorMTS,
surementsandtheory. PrincipalMTS,andthenSeniorPrincipalMTS.Heis
currentlyaPrincipalScientistandDivisionDirector
withtheCommunicationsDivision,InstituteforIn-
ACKNOWLEDGMENT focommResearch,AgencyforScience,TechnologyandResearch(A-STAR),
Singapore.HeholdsadjunctpositionswiththeNationalUniversityofSinga-
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the pore,Singapore,andtheNanyangTechnologicalUniversityofSingapore,Sin-
AgencyforScience,TechnologyandResearch(A-STAR),Sin- gapore.In1999,hebeganfundamentalworkonUWBresearchatI2R.Since
then,histeamhasreportedUWBtransmissionatadatarateof500Mb/sin
gapore, and the National University of Singapore (NUS), Sin-
April2003and1Gb/sinJune2004conformingtotheFederalCommunications
gapore. Commission(FCC)’smask.In2002,healsoledthedevelopmentofadirect
TANetal.:DESIGNOFUWBMONOPULSERECEIVER 3827
conversiontransceiverdesignforwirelesslocalareanetwork(LAN)incollab- K. Rambabu received the Ph.D. degree from the
orationwithIBM.SinceApril2004,histeamhasbeeninvitedintotheIBM University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, in
BusinessPartnerProgramforUWB–MBOAsilicondesign.Hehasauthored 2004.
orcoauthoredover120publicationsininternationaljournalsandconferences. HeiscurrentlyaResearchStaffMemberwiththe
Heholdstenpatents,someofwhichhavebeencommercialized.Hismainre- InstituteforInfocommResearch,Singapore.Hehas
searchinterestsareUWB,beamsteering,wirelessbroadband,RFidentification authored or coauthored over 40 papers in refereed
(RFID),antennas,transceivers,radiooverfiber,RFintegratedcircuits(RFICs), journals and conferences. He holds a patent for
amplifierlinearization,andcommunicationandradarsystemarchitecture.Heis beamshapingofacellularbase-stationantenna.His
listedinthe2007EditionofMarquis’Who’sWhointheWorld. research interests include design and development
Dr.ChiaisamemberoftheRadioTechnicalStandards(IDA),Telecommuni- ofminiaturizedpassivemicrowavecomponentsand
cationsStandardsAdvisoryCommittee(IDA)andTechnicalAdvisoryMember antennasforvariousapplications.
ofRhode&SchwartzCommunications&Measurements(Asia).Hehasbeen
anactivememberoforganizingcommitteesinvariousinternationalconferences
andwasprogramcochairofIWAT2005.HewasakeynotespeakerattheInter-
nationalConferenceofUWBin2005.HeisgeneralchairofICUWB2007.He
wastherecipientoftheOverseasResearchStudentAward(TheCommitteeof
Vice-ChancellorandPrincipalsoftheUniversityofU.K.)andStudentshipfrom
BritishAerospace,U.K.