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CIGRE Green Books Compact Studies CIGRE Study Committee B5: Protection and Automation Peter Bishop Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair Editors IEC 61850 Principles and Applications to Electric Power Systems CIGRE Green Books Compact Studies Series Editor CIGRE, International Council on Large Electric Systems, Paris, France CIGRE presents their expertise in compact professional books on electrical power networks. These books are of a self-contained concise character, covering the entire knowledge of the subject within power engineering. The books are cre- ated by CIGRE experts within their study committees and are recognized by the engineering community as the top reference books in their fields. Peter Bishop · Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair Editors IEC 61850 Principles and Applications to Electric Power Systems Editors Peter Bishop Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair HVDC and Operational Engineering Grid Department of Electrical Delivery Computer and Software Engineering Transpower New Zealand Ltd. University of Auckland Wellington, New Zealand Auckland, New Zealand ISSN 2367-2625 ISSN 2367-2633 (electronic) CIGRE Green Books ISSN 2509-2812 ISSN 2509-2820 (electronic) Compact Studies ISBN 978-3-031-06911-6 ISBN 978-3-031-06912-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06912-3 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword CIGRE Study Committee B5—Protection and Automation focuses on protection, control, monitoring and metering and aims to cover the whole power system, end- to-end related to this topic, from transmission systems, to distribution systems, including generation and HVDC systems. Study Committee B5 promotes the synthesis and dissemination of state-of-the- art practices, recommendations and information about power system protection and automation on a worldwide basis. Its main activities cover the principles, design, application and management of power system protection, substation control, automation, monitoring, recording and metering, as well as the associated internal and external communications and interfacing for remote control and monitoring. SC B5 aims to be an independent analyzer of different solutions and provider of high-quality unbiased publications and contributions to the electrical supply industry. Members of SC B5 from all regions of the world provide a global perspective on the issues and challenges facing the protection of electrical power systems, aimed at top and medium management and technical staff of utilities, suppliers and consultants, universities and research centres, including young and experienced engineers alongside standardisation organisations. CIGRE Study Committee B5 strategic technical directions address the main objectives set by CIGRE Technical Committee. The strategic directions set by SC B5 aim to facilitate the human development and application of new technology to improve the efficiency of the engineering, design, operation and maintenance of protection and automation of electric power systems and keeping the spirit of collaboration that distinguishes CIGRE among other organisations around the world. SC B5 has worked with the IEC 61850 Standard for more than 20 years. IEC 61850-based power system protection and automation systems have significant technical and commercial advantages over the conventional ones, and it is time to deploy the technology and take full advantage of its benefits for the power industry. In this CIGRE Compact Studies book, the experience related to IEC 61850 system from SC B5 members are addressed. v vi Foreword I would like to give a special recognition to Mr. Peter Bishop and Dr. Nirmal Nair for their contributions as Editors of this Green Book. Please enjoy the further study of this book! Oslo, Norway Rannveig Loken April 2022 CIGRE Study Committee B5 Chair Preface This CIGRE Green Book aims to provide a compact overview on IEC 61850 principles and applications to electric power systems. It is compiled using technical brochure and technical paper material that is based on existing practice of IEC 61850 systems (application, use and approach) that gives stakeholders from different disciplines (and levels of knowledge) an understanding of systems in use, their features, how they are applied and approach for implementation. It covers the complete lifecycle from specification, deployment, operation to maintenance and replacement. IEC 61850 is the international Standard applicable to Protection, Automation and Control Systems (PACS). The scope of IEC 61850 implementation continues to grow in a wide range of areas including (cid:129) protection, (cid:129) automation, (cid:129) System Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), (cid:129) metering and (cid:129) condition monitoring. IEC 61850 provides the engineering definitions and processes for configuration and parameterisation of the functions required for digital communication between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in the substation and the related system requirements. It is therefore not a protocol itself but rather the configuration of IEDs with interoperability to communicate using a protocol. It is a key part of a digital substation. The readers of this Green Book will vary in the extent of familiarity with IEC 61850 as a concept and indeed their experience in using it. As the application of the IEC 61850 has many different aspects, there would be very few, if any, who would dare to say they “know it all” even after the many years that it has been in active deployment around the world. IEC 61850 systems provide users with the opportunity to review primary and secondary functionality they wish to implement and their existing philosophies, not just in the area of communications but in all areas of existing and emerging power systems. vii viii Preface These changes will impact on many fields such as primary system design, protection design, SCADA design, system architecture, governance, operational work and site commissioning. The target audience includes both primary and secondary system engineers, power system planners, technicians, teachers and researchers tasked with explor- ing, developing, delivering these systems. The audience will also include engineers from non-B5 Study Committees. Since IEC 61850 covers multiple disciplines, it will assist protection, SCADA, communication and Information Technology staff by detailing how IEC 61850 will affect their systems. This Green Book is a compact study for a broad audience, and while PAC details are included, it is not intended to be a comprehensive IEC 61850 technical reference book solely for Protection and Automation engineers. The overall Green Book provides a “concise” practical guide for any organisation and associated users embarking on the adoption or expansion of IEC 61850 in its engineering processes and system deployments. It gives examples of approaches and applications of systems that have been implemented. While it could be read cover-to-cover in its entirety, some may focus particularly on the chapters that are especially relevant to them. The following serves as a rough guide to the principle chapters for each activity “theme”. This also serves as a “checklist” of the readiness of any organisation to commence an adoption project and where consideration of each chapter fits into the plan. Activity theme Chapters Description Need and IEC 61850 as an Enabler to Meet This sets out the broader reasons and Benefits Power System Challenges advantages for applying IEC 61850-based system. Illustrating its application to meeting emerging and traditional power system challenges. Concepts Introduction to IEC 61850 Systems This provides an overview of the standard, its history and some concepts. Preface ix Activitytheme Chapters Description User IEC 61850 User Specifications, The variety of implementations and Specification Standards and End Users functional requirements requires a strong approach to user specification to ensure the system meets all needs. Communication IEC 61850 Communication This describes and provides examples Architecture and Architectures and Services of LAN arrangements with options Required and considerations to meet your Services performance and operational needs. Time Synchronisation for IEC This describes time synchronisation 61850 Systems and its criticality depending on your implementation. It includes considerations methods and examples. Cybersecurity Integration with IEC As a LAN-based communication 61850 Systems technology, cyber security measures must be a specific inclusion in the deployment considerations. Planning and Planning and Design for IEC 61850 With concepts, need and requirements Design Implementation described in the previous activity themes, this gives some guidance to the process of system lifecycle planning and design based on previous user experience. System Implementation for IEC 61850 Review of worldwide examples of Implementation Functional Schemes different types of functional schemes and Testing (goose and sampled values) and their implementation considerations. Testing of IEC 61850 System Theory is nice, but this is where it all Solutions comes together requiring a different approach to traditional testing to prove the readiness for operational use. Vendor Interoperability of IEC Key considerations for ensuring 61850 Systems multi-vendor device interoperability to achieve full benefit of IEC 61850 solutions. As a vendor-agnostic engineering process, there is a requirement to understand the requirements for selecting devices that meet the functional and interoperable requirements of the system. Substation & CT/VT Sampled Value Acquisition CT/VT Sampled Values, if you choose Inter-Substation Applied to IEC 61850 to implement, is the mechanism of Applications digitalisation of all the primary sensor signals that allows elimination of many wires from the CTs, VTs and other sensors. Emerging developments are discussed.