Identity: Youth and Crisis

338 Pages·1968·6.01 MB·English

by  Erik H. Erikson

IdentYiotyu:t h Carnidsc iosl leEcrtiHsk. Eriks on'msa joers saony st opics
originaitinnt gh ec onceopftt hea dolesciednetn tcirtiys Iidse.n tity,
Eriksworni tiessa ,su nfathomaasbi ltie sa ll-pervIatds eiavlwesi. t ah
procetshsai tsl ocatbothe di nt hceo roef t hien divianddu ianlt hceo roef
the commcuunlatluA rste h.ce u ltcuhraen ges, neowfi dkeinntdist y ques­
tionasr ise-Erickosmomne ntfso,re xample,o ni ssuoefss ociparlo test
and changingge ndreorl tehsa wte rpea rticulart hte1o 9 60s.
Representtwoi dnegc adoefgs r ouneakindbrg workt,h ee ssaayrsne o t
som ucha s ystemfaotrimcu laotifot nh eorasy ane volvrienpgo trhtai ts
bothc liniandc atlh eoretiThec aslu.b jercantgsefrom "creactionfuvsei on'
intwo famoulsi vetsh der amatiGsetor geB ernard Shawan d the philoso­
pheWri lliJaamm es-theto c onnectibetweoen n indivisdtruuaglg laneds
socioarld e"rR.a ce atnhdeW iderI dentiatnyd"t hec ontroversial
"Womanhoanodd thIen neSrp acaer"ine c ludiendth ec ollection.
Erik H.E riksoont'hseb roo ks avaiilnaN bolret opna perbeadcikt ions
incluGdaen dhsiT rothC,h lidhoaondd S ocieYtyo,u nMga nL utheanrd,
Identaintyd tLhiefC ey claes,we lla sT heE riEkr iksRoena deerd,i ted by
RoberCto leAs .w inneorft heP ulitPrizzee r andt heN ationBoaokl
Award, Erwasi krseonno wnweodr ldwaisdt ee acher, clitnhiecoi­an, and
rist int hef ieolfdp sychoanaanldy hsuimsa dne velopment.
Cover designD ibycAk de lson
Cover photograbpyhJ onEr ikson
W·W·NORTON
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www.wwnorton .com
NEW YORK·L ONDON
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Identity
Youtha nd Crisis
BYB RIK H.B RUCSON
Chtldbooandd Socte(ty1 95109,6 3)
YounMga nL uther( 1958)
InsigahntdR esponsib(t1l9t6t4y)
IdentttYyo:u tanhd Crts(t1s9 68)
GandhtT'rsu t(h1 969)
Dimensioonfas N ewI denttt(1y 9 74 )
LifeH tstoaryn dt heH tstorlMcoa/m ent( 1975)
Toyasn dR easons( 1977)
Identiatnyd t he LifeC ycle( 195199,8 0)
The LifeC ycleC ompleted (1982)
VttIan/vo lvemetnntO ldAge (withJ oaMn. E riksaonnd
HeleQn.K ivnic(k1)9 86)
A Wayo fL ookinagtT hingSse:l ecPtapeedr s
from1 93t0o1 980( edibtyeS dt ephSecnh lePihn.,D( .1)9 87)
BDITEDB YB RIK H. BRUCSON
Adulthoo(d1 978)
E R I H.K E .I K R S 0 N
•
• •
W. W. NORTON & COMPANY New York London
• •
Reissausea dNo rtonp aperb)a9c9k4
e 1968
Copyright by
W. W. &
Norton CompanIyn,c .
7
AusteRing gsM onograpNho .
in America
Printed thUen iteSdt atoesf
All
righrtseser ved.
67-17681
UbraroyfC ongressC ataloCargd No.
0-393-31144-9
ISBN
&
W.W .N orton CompanyI,n c.
500 10110
FiftAhv enueN,e w York, N.Y.
www.w wnorton.com
&
W. WN.o rton CompanyL td.
75/76
CastHloeu se, WellSst reeLto,n don WI3TQ T
9 0
TO THE MEMORY OF
RoberPt.K nigANDh tD aviRda paport

Contents
Preface 9
I.P rologue I5
IIF.o undatiinoO nbss ervation
44
I.A CLINICINAONT'ESB OOK 44
2.O N TOTALITARIANISM 74
IllT.h eL ifCey clEep:i genoefsI idse ntity 91
I.I NFANCAYN DT HEM UTUALIOTFYR ECOGNITI9O6N
2.E ARLCYH ILDHOOADN DT HEW ILLT OB E
ONESELF 107
3·C HILDHOOADN DT HEA NTICIPAOTFIR OONL ES 115
4·S CHOOLA GEA NDT ASK IDENTIFICATIONl lZ
5.A DOLESCENCE U 8
6.B EYONIDD ENTITY 135
IV.I dentity CoinnLf iufHseii sotn oarnydC asHei sto1r42y
I.B IOGRHAIPCI :C REATICVOENF USION I42
I.G .B.(SA.g 7eo )oYno unSgh aw( Agzeo )
IIW.il liam ]ames, OwnH isA lienist
2.G ENETIICD:E NTIFICAANTDII ODNE NTITY IS5
3·P ATHOGARPHICT:H EC LINICPAILC TUORFES EVERE
IDENTICTOYN FUSION I65
4·S OCIETFARLO:M I NDIVIDCUOANLF USION
TOSOC IALO RDER I79
8 Contents
5.B IOAGPRHInC: THEC ONFUSIROENT URNs-­
PSYCHOPATHOOLFOGE YV ERNYI GHT
I.F reudD'rse �omf I rma
11.W illiJama mesT'ermsi nalD ream
V.T heoretIinctaelr lude 208
I.E GOA NDE NVIRONMENT 208
2.CO NFUSITORNA,N SFEREANNCDER ,E SISTANCE2 I 2
3·I ,M Y SELFA,N DM Y EGO 216
4·A COMMUNALIOTFYE GOS 2I2
5.TH EORAYN DI DEOLOGY 2 2 5
VI.T owarCdo ntemporIasrsyuY eosu:t h 23 2
VIIW.o manhooadn dt heI nneSrp ace 261
VIIIR.a caen dt hWei deIrd entity 259
WritinognWs h ichT his BookI sB ased 312
Notes 323
Index 313