Identity In Adolescence : The Balance Between Self and Other (Adolescence and Society) PDF
Preview Identity In Adolescence : The Balance Between Self and Other (Adolescence and Society)
Identity in Adolescence The second edition of the very popular Identity in Adolescence overviews the contributions of five developmental theorists in considering how effective intervention with adolescents can be a planned event rather than a chance occurrence. Jane Kroger examines the key concepts and practical implications stemming from the theoretical models of Erik Erikson, Peter Blos, Lawrence Kohlberg, Jane Loevinger and Robert Kegan. All these theorists point to distinct stages through which ego organization shifts to a more differentiated self–other balance and from which identity development proceeds. It is our ability to recognize and respond to these stages of adolescent identity development that defines the limits of effective intervention, in either the facilitation of normative maturation or the alleviation of developmental arrest. From the author’s own experience working with young people in both clinical and natural settings Identity in Adolescence offers a unique blend of theoretical insight and practical advice which will prove invaluable to academics, professionals and parents. Jane Kroger is Professor of Developmental Psychology, University of Tromsø, Norway. Her previous publications include Discussions on Ego Identity (1993). Adolescence and Society Series editor: John C. Coleman The Trust for the Study of Adolescence The general aim of the series is to make accessible to a wide readership the growing evidence relating to adolescent development. Much of this material is published in relatively inaccessible professional journals, and the goals of the books in this series will be to summarise, review and place in context current work in the field so as to interest and engage both an undergraduate and a professional audience. The intention of the authors is to raise the profile of adolescent studies among professionals and in institutions of higher education. By publishing relatively short, readable books on interesting topics to do with youth and society, the series will make people more aware of the relevance of the subject of adolescence to a wide range of social concerns. The books will not put forward any one theoretical viewpoint. The authors will outline the most prominent theories in the field and will include a balanced and critical assessment of each of these. Whilst some of the books may have a clinical or applied slant, the majority will concentrate on normal development. The readership will rest primarily in two major areas: the undergraduate market, particularly in the fields of psychology, sociology and education; and the professional training market, with particular emphasis on social work, clinical and educational psychology, counselling, youth work, nursing and teacher training. Also available in this series Adolescent Health Sexuality in Adolescence Patrick C.L. Heaven Susan Moore and Doreen Rosenthal The Nature of Adolescence Adolescent Gambling (second edition) Mark Griffiths John C. Coleman and Leo Hendry Youth, AIDS and Sexually The Adolescent in the Family Transmitted Diseases Patricia Noller and Victor Callan Susan Moore, Doreen Rosenthal and Anne Mitchell Young People’s Understanding of Society Fathers and Adolescents Adrian Furnham and Barrie Stacey Shmuel Shulman and Inge Seiffge-Krenke Growing up with Unemployment Anthony H. Winefield, Marika Adolescent Coping Tiggermann, Helen R. Winefield and Erica Frydenberg Robert D. Goldney Young People’s Involvement in Sport Young People’s Leisure and Lifestyles Edited by John Kremer, Karen Trew Leo B. Hendry, Janet Shucksmith, and Shaun Ogle John G. Love and Anthony Glendinning Identity in Adolescence The balance between self and other Second edition Jane Kroger London and New York First published 1996 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2001. © 1996 Jane Kroger All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-415-10678-8 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-10679-6 (pbk) ISBN 0-203-13046-4 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-17844-0 (Glassbook Format) You observe the carven hand With the index finger pointing heavenward. That is the direction, no doubt, But how shall one follow it? It is well to abstain from murder and lust, To forgive, do good to others, worship God Without graven images. But these are external means after all By which you chiefly do good to yourself. The inner kernel is freedom, It is light, purity – I can no more, Find the goal or lose it, according to your vision. ‘Marie Bateson’, in Edgar Lee Masters’ Spoon River Anthology This book is again dedicated to those who search and to those who assist along the way. Contents Preface to the second edition ix Acknowledgements xiii 1 Adolescence and the problem of identity: historical, socio- cultural, and developmental views 1 2 Adolescence as identity synthesis: Erikson’s psychosocial approach 13 3 Adolescence as a second individuation process: Blos’s psychoanalytic perspective and an object relations view 47 4 Identity through a cognitive-developmental lens: Kohlberg’s contributions 82 5 Ego development in adolescence: Loevinger’s paradigm 112 6 Identity as meaning-making: Kegan’s constructive- developmental approach 144 7 Towards integration and conclusions: they tell their stories 174 References 199 Name index 224 Subject index 229 Preface to the second edition When I wrote the first edition of Identity in Adolescence some six years ago, the interests of social scientists in researching issues of adolescent development were just beginning to expand. Textbooks for tertiary courses on adolescence certainly existed, covering a broad range of issues in normative adolescent development and sometimes including sections on adolescents in crisis. In the interval since that time, there has been an enormous increase in research attention directed to issues of both normative and non-normative development during life’s second decade. Overview textbooks on adolescent development continue to flourish, but there has been an additional demand for more specialized texts dealing with specific issues of concern during the adolescent passage. The present volume and others included in the Adolescence and Society series edited by John Coleman reflect this important trend. Additionally, there has been an increasing attempt by many social scientists to integrate their varied theoretical models and research findings with some discussion of practical implications for social response to adolescents in the transition process. The present volume, again, reflects this ambition. Additionally, efforts towards understanding issues for adolescents growing up in a diversity of cultural, ethnic, and social class contexts have also been emerging. A new professional European Society for Research on Adolescence has recently been established and the Society for Research on Adolescence in the United States has recently expanded its international focus. The present volume reflects this growing awareness of the importance of societal contexts and has substantially revised its introductory section to elaborate, more fully, some of the historical and socio-cultural conditions making adolescent identity problematic for young people in societies with particular features in common. At the same time, Identity in Adolescence has retained its developmental focus by examining some of the predictable ways in which young people, across varied social settings, may mature to reinterpret and make new sense
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