Ideas That Changed the World

258 Pages·2010·57.45 MB·English

by  DK Publishing

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Authors
Julie Ferris, Dr. Mike Goldsmith, Ian Graham, Sally MacGill,
Andrea Mills, Isabel Thomas, and Matt Turner
Consultant
Roger Bridgman
LONDON, NEW YORK,
MELBOURNE, MUNICH, AND DELHI
Project editor Camilla de la Bédoyère
Editors Sally MacGill, Theresa Bebbington
Project art editor Ralph Pitchford
Art editors Sandra Doble, Steve Woosnam Savage
Senior editor Shaila Brown
Senior designer Spencer Holbrook
Designers Johnny Pau, Jane Thomas, Stefan Podhorodecki
Managing editor Linda Esposito
Managing art editors Diane Thistlethwaite, Jim Green
Category publisher Laura Buller
DK picture library Emma Shepherd
Picture researcher Karen VanRoss
Additional picture researchers Ria Jones, Jenny Faithful, Sarah Hopper
Production editor Marc Staples
Senior production controller Angela Graef
Jacket designer Laura Brim, Sophia M.T.T.
Jacket editor Matilda Gollon
Development team Jayne Miller, Laura Brim
Design development manager Sophia M. Tampakopoulos Turner
First published in the United States in 2010 by
DK Publishing, 375 Hudson Street
New York, New York 10014
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177397—06/10
Copyright © 2010 Dorling Kindersley Limited
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for
sales promotions, premiums, fundraising, or educational use. For details, contact:
DK Publishing Special Markets, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
[email protected]
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-7566-6531-9
Hi-res workflow proofed by MDP, U.K.
Printed by Leo Paper Products, China
Discover more at
www.dk.com
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GENIUS
10
Introduction
Lightbulb 12
Antibiotics 14
Penicillin 16
Vaccination 18
Microscope 20
X-ray 22
DNA 24
Watson and Crick 26
Radioactivity 28
Tin can 30
Portland cement 32
Hoover Dam 34
PET bottles 36
Stainless steel 38
Telegraph 40
Who invented the telephone? 42
World Wide Web 44
Laser 46
LCD 48
Nylon 50
Wallace Carothers 52
Dynamite 54
Contents
GREAT HHAANNDDYY
GIZMOS GGAADDGGEETTSS
56 106
Engine 58 Microwave 108
Elevators 60 The first microwave 110
Elisha Otis 62 Digital camera 112
Refrigerator 64 Glasses 114
Wind turbine 66 Radio 116
Electric motor 68 Marconi 118
The father of electricity 70 Money 120
Spinning jenny 72 Credit card 122
Robots 74 Cash register 124
Robots in our world 76 James Ritty 126
Pendulum clock 78 Bar code 128
The master of time 80 Stapler 130
Crane 82 Stamp 132
Printing press 84 Post-its 134
Flushing toilet 86 Velcro 136
Television 88 Zipper 138
From script to screen 90 Cell phone 140
Solar cell 92 Going mobile 142
Clean energy 94
Battery 96
Microprocessor 98
From valves to microprocessors 100
Apple computer 102
Wozniak and Jobs 104
ON THE
EXPLORE
MOVE
144 178
Wheel 146 Saturn V 180
Ford Model T 148 Hubble 182
Ford’s model factory 150 Hubble in action 184
Sailing ship 152 Compass 186
Submarine 154 Mars rovers 188
Jet plane 156 GPS 190
Helicopter 160 Cassini 192
Steam locomotive 162 Spacesuit 194
Full steam ahead 164 Space helmet 198
Bicycle 166 Submersible 200
Cat’s eye 168 Scuba 202
Percy Shaw 170 Jacques Cousteau 204
Electric car 172 Fiber-optic endoscope 206
Metro 174 MRI 208
London Underground 176
CULTURE
210
Ballpoint pen 212
Umbrella 214
LEGO® brick 216
Play well 218
Walkman 220
Skateboard 222
Newspaper 224
Jeans 226
Levi Strauss 228
Kinetoscope 230
What is 3-D? 232
Video games 234
Sunglasses 236
Electric guitar 238
Sports shoes 242
Soccer 244
Time line 246
Glossary 248
Index 252
Contents
As Thomas Edison stated,
inventions are mostly hard
work. But without a big idea to
begin with, they would never
happen at all. And without these
big ideas and the inventions they
lead to, our lives would be very
different. They have changed
the way we live and think and
changed the course of history.
Ideas in action
Just look around you—how
many of the things you
can see didn’t have to be
invented by someone? In fact,
without inventions, many of
us wouldn’t even be alive—
medicines and machines start
keeping us safe and healthy
even before we are born
and continue protecting us
throughout our lives. Some
inventions keep us in touch
with our friends, allow us to
explore our world, or help
solve the mysteries of the
universe, while others simply
help us enjoy ourselves.
IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
8