Icosiella intani sp. n. (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae), a Parasite of Rana cancrivora from South Kalimantan, Indonesia

4 Pages·1996·0.57 MB·English

by  Purnomo

J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash.
63(1), 1996, pp. 47-50
Icosiella intani sp. n. (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae), a Parasite of
Rana cancrivora from South Kalimantan, Indonesia
1
PURNOMO AND MlCHAEL J. BANGS2
U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Box 3, APO AP 96520-8132, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT: Icosiella intani sp. n. (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) is described from the muscles of the frog, Rana
cancrivora, Gravenhorst, 1829, in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Icosiella intani is distinguished by a microfilarial
body length (121 nm) longer than that of the 7 known species in the genus and 4-7 tail nuclei in a single row.
This species has a relatively short body length, a nonfiliform left spicule with its shaft about the same size as
the "blade," and a right spicule with a lanceolate terminus abruptly pointed. This is the first report of Icosiella
from Indonesia and represents the eighth described species within this genus, with all hosts in the order Anura.
KEY WORDS: Filarioidea, Onchocercidae, Icosiella intani sp. n., Rana cancrivora, Kalimantan, Indonesia,
morphology.
In February 1979, during a biomedical survey blunt. Posterior end conical and blunt for female,
by the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 and protuberant in male (Figs. 1, 2). Anterior
(Detachment) and the Indonesian Department extremity with 4 pair submedian, 2 pair median
of Health in Tanah Intan, South Kalimantan, labial cephalic papillae (spines) and 2 lateral am-
Indonesia (3°20'S, 115°02'E) investigating zoo- phids (Fig. 3). Buccal cavity absent. Esophagus
notic filariasis, filariid worms were found in the divided into anterior muscular and posterior
connective tissue of the hind leg muscle of a frog, glandular portions, the latter being much longer
Rana cancrivora Gravenhorst, 1829. Subsequent and wider. Nerve ring at posterior half of mus-
examination of these specimens revealed they cular region of esophagus. Cuticle with finely
were a new species within the genus Icosiella transverse striations. Caudal alae and area rugosa
described herein. absent. Anus subterminal.
MALE (based on 2 mature specimens): Body
Materials and Methods
9.9 (8.8-11.0) mm by 73 urn (65-80) at level of
Adult worms were removed from the connective tis- head; width increasing posteriad, 138 (125-150)
sue of leg muscle, relaxed in 0.6% saline solution, fixed at level of nerve ring, 165 (155-175) at level of
in hot 70% ethanol, and preserved in 70% ethanol/5%
esophageal-intestinal junction, and 190 (180-
glycerin. All specimens were examined using a tem-
200) at level of midbody, gradually decreasing
porary lactophenol wet mount technique (Partono et
al., 1977). Microfilariae were obtained from blood and posteriad and bulging at tail end, 115(110-120)
thick blood smears processed and stained with Giemsa at level of cloaca. Esophagus (Fig. 4) 4,015 (4,010-
diluted 1:15 in pH 7.2 buffer for 15 min. Drawings 4,020), distinctly divided into anterior muscular
(Figs. 1-9) were made with the aid of a camera lucida.
portion 525 (420-630) by 50 and posterior glan-
All measurements are expressed as means followed by
the range in parentheses and are given as length by dular portion 3,350 (3,100-3,600) by 90 (80-
width in micrometers (/^m) unless otherwise indicated. 100). Muscular to glandular esophageal length
ratio 1:4.9-8.5. Nerve ring 345 (310-380) from
Results cephalic end. Caudal tail flexed ventrally 65 (55-
Icosiella intani sp. n. 75). The 2 spicules unequal in length and mark-
(Figs. 1-9) edly dissimilar in appearance (Fig. 5). Larger (left)
spicule 400 (380—420), composed of two sec-
DESCRIPTION: Adult worms small and fili-
tions: a slender tubular shaft 245 (240-250) with
form, yellow to white when fixed. Anterior end
a proximal cup-shaped portion and a distal blade
portion 155 (140-170) ending in a lanceolate-
like tip. Smaller (right) spicule 103 (102-104);
1 Reprint requests: Publications Office, U.S. Naval
Medical Research Unit No. 2, Box 3, APO AP 96520- with a short proximal portion divided into 2
8132, USA. apparent segments with unevenly thickened edg-
2 Address for correspondence: Uniformed Services es and a longer portion wide distally, narrowing
University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pre-
slightly, then widening and tapering abruptly to
ventive Medicine and Biometrics, 4301 Jones Bridge
Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, e-mail: a thickened edged lanceolate point. The dorsal
[email protected]. edge of the longer portion is markedly thicker.
47
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
48 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, 63(1), JAN 1996
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
ICOSIELLA INTANI SP. N. FROM RAN A CANCRIVORA 49
Spicule ratio 4.0 (3.7-4.1): 1. Gubernaculum and National Parasite Collection, Beltsville, Mary-
caudal papillae absent. land 20705.
FEMALE (based on 4 gravid specimens): Body ETYMOLOGY: The specimens were obtained
29.0 (24.6-38.2) mm by 98 /urn (90-100) at level from a region of South Kalimantan purported to
of head; width increasing posteriad, 183 (170- be rich in alluvial diamonds. Intan, translated
200) at level of nerve ring, 280 (240-310) at level from Indonesian, means diamond.
of vulval opening, 310 (280-330) at level of
Discussion
esophageal-intestinal junction, 330 (300-350) at
midbody, gradually decreasing to 110 (80-150) The monogeneric subfamily Icosiellinae An-
at anal opening. Esophagus 4,500 (4,210-4,930), derson, 1958, has been found in amphibia from
anterior muscular region 460 (380-590) by 54 Japan (Yamaguti, 1941; Hayashi, 1960), Malay-
(50-60) and posterior glandular region 4,040 sia (Yuen, 1962; Bain and Purnomo, 1984), Vi-
(3,750-4,340) by 200 (190-210). Muscular to etnam (Walton, 1935), and the Philippines
glandular esophageal length ratio 1:6.4-11.4. (Schmidt and Kuntz, 1969). Johnston (1967) re-
Nerve ring 300 (260-360) from cephalic end. corded Icosiella for the first time in Papua New
Muscular vulva, opening as a transverse slit, just Guinea. Of the 7 previously reported species of
posterior to muscular-glandular esophageal Icosiella Seurat, 1917 (Bain and Purnomo, 1984),
junction, 1,070 (1,000-1,360) from cephalic end I. intani represents the first report of this genus
(Fig. 6). Vagina directed anteriorly, and flexing in an amphibian captured in Indonesia.
and looping posteriad, before receiving bifurcat- Icosiella intani adults can be differentiated eas-
ed uterus a varying distance below vulva. Uteri ily from all previously described species by stan-
paired, loosely entwined, joining oviduct and ex- dard morphometric criteria. Specifically, adults
tending anteriorly to within 900 (710-1,100) from are much smaller in length than adults of Ico-
cephalic end; posterior coil extending to within siella sasai Hayashi, 1960. The spicule ratio is
510 (200-700) from tip of tail. Tail 50 (30-90) 4:1, whereas in Icosiella neglecta (Diesing, 1851)
with blunt rounded end (Figs. 7, 8). Viviparous. Seurat, 1917, Icosiella kobayasii Yamaguti, 1941,
MICROFILARIA (based upon 25 specimens): Icosiella innominata Yuen, 1962, and Icosiella
Body slender, ensheathed, and 121 (105-127) papuensis Johnston, 1967, it is 3:1 or less. Ico-
in length. Sheath much longer than body and siella hoogstraali Schmidt and Kuntz, 1969, has
unstained with Giemsa. Width at head level 3.7 an enormous spicule ratio, 123:1. Icosiella lau-
(3-5), nerve ring 5.1 (4-6), excretory pore 5.0, renti Bain and Purnomo, 1984, has a total esoph-
anal pore 3.7 (3-4), and last tail nucleus 2.2 (2- ageal length only half that of I. intani. Most char-
3). Tail 4.5 (4-6) from last nucleus to posterior acteristic, Icosiella intani microfilariae differ from
tip, tail nuclei 4-7 in single row (Fig. 9). all other species by having a longer body length.
HOST: Mangrove frog, Rana cancrivora Icosiella has been described from 4 genera of
Gravenhorst, 1829. frogs; Rana, Discoglossus, Babina, and Cornufer.
SITE IN HOST: Connective tissue of hind leg Based on geographic proximity and host species
muscle. (Rana cancrivora), I. innominata and /. intani
LOCALITY: Indonesia, South Kalimantan might presumably share the most characters in
(Borneo), Tanah Intan rubber estate (3°20'S, common. However, as noted, the microfilaria of
115°02'E). I. intani are significantly larger, more slender,
DATE OF COLLECTION: February 1979. and sheathed. The male spicule ratio differs
SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: USNPC No. 81170. enough to separate the 2. In particular, the larger
Holotype male, allotype female in 70% ethanol/ (left) spicule is longer, falling out of the size range
5% glycerin, and 1 blood slide microfilariae (syn- (300-370) given for 7. innominata (Yuen, 1962).
types), Giemsa stained, are deposited in the U.S. Additionally, the smaller (right) spicule is divid-
Figures 1-9. Adults and microfilaria of Icosiella intani sp. n. 1. Adult male, macroscopic. 2. Adult female,
macroscopic. 3. En face view of female showing arrangement of 4 pair submedian, 2 pair median labial cephalic
papillae and 2 lateral amphids. 4. Male, ventral view showing esophagus and spicules. 5. Caudal end, lateral
view, of male showing left and right spicules and cloaca. 6. Anterior region, lateral view, of female. 7. Caudal
end, ventral view, of female. 8. Caudal end, lateral view, of female. 9. Sheathed microfilaria from thick blood
smear. Scale bar for Figures 1, 2, 4 in millimeters (mm). Scale bar for Figures 5-9 in micrometers (nm)-
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
50 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, 63(1), JAN 1996
ed into 2 distinct segments proximally and tapers and 3M161102BS13.AD410. The opinions and
abruptly to a point, markedly different in ap- assertions contained herein are those of the au-
pearance from I. innominata. However, because thors and do not purport to reflect those of the
these apparent differences are based on only a U.S. Naval Service or the Indonesian Ministry
few (7) mature male specimens by Yuen and our of Health. The authors thank Mr. Sukaeri Sarbini
description (2 specimens), caution should be ex- for assistance in the specimen collections.
ercised in attributing strong significance to these
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Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington