����� HELLENIC COLLEGE HOLY CROSS GREEK ORTHODOX SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY ����� LIBRARY ICONS ANDT HEM YSTICLA ORIGINOSFC HRISTITAYN I RichTaermdp flouen dtehdTe e mpGlael lienLr oyn dtohni rty yeaargsao s a c entforrt eh set udrye,s toreaxthiiobni,t ion ancdo lleocfit ciooHnnes h .a psub lisahs eedro ifbe os oks, catalaongadur etsio cntl hesesuj beacntad l lseoc twuirdeesl y. Iconasn dt heM ystiOcragili nosf Christiraeniptrye sents the culminoafatl ieiolfno ng iinnCt herriesmstytis atni cism. Byt hsea maeu thor ICONSA: S ACREADR T ICONS AND THE MYSTICAL ORIGINS OF CHRISTIANITY RICHARD TEMPLE ELEMENT BOOKS For all seekers © Richard Temple 1990 First published in Great Britain in 1990 by Element Books Limited Longmcad, Shaftesbury, Dorset All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Cover illustration courtesy of the Temple Gallery Cover design by Humphrey Stone Designed by Roger Lightfoot Typeset by Selectmove Ltd, London. Printed and bound in Great Britain by Dotesios Printers Ltd, Trowbridge British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Temple, Richard Icons and the origins of Christianity. 1. Icons, history I. Title 704.9482 ISBN 1-85230-195-3 pbk Contents Foreword by Jacob Needleman Vll IX Preface PART I The Mystical Background to Christianity 1. 3 Spiritual Allegories 2. 9 Esotericism and the Perennial Philosophy 3. 16 Hellenistic Philosophy 4. 36 The Gnostic Vision 5. 53 Hesychasm and the Philokalia 6. 70 Plotinus and Neo-Platonic Philosophy 7. 78 Dionysius the Areopagite PART II Interpretation of Icons 8. 85 Fayum Portraits 9. 92 The Sinai Christ 10. The Sinai Mother of God: an Image of Celestial 98 Light and Spiritual War 11. Cosmas Indicopleustes and the Diagram of the 104 Universe 12. Orpheus-Christ and the Mystical Body of the 108 Church 13. 119 St George and the Dragon ICONS 14.T heT opograpBhaicckaglrd o:tu hnDei viRnaey antdh Dee sceonfLt i ght 129 15.T woW orldIsn:na enrdO uter 138 16.L ight 148 17.T heM othoefrG od 159 18.T heI conosUtnaistaiyns dM: u ltiplicity 168 19.C oncluRseitountr:otn h Pee reinaPnlh ilosophy1 80 Notes 185 Index 193 Forweodr by Jacob Needleman SACREaDr mta yb ed efinaesad r tth aetv okaensds uppoarnt s inner movteomweanrctdo sn twaicttah g rearteearl Biuttyi .t canndoott hiasu tomatiitrc eaqlluyit;rh eawsteb risnogm ething ofo ursetloiv teW.se n eetdok nohwo wt ol oofka,i lwihnigci ht s actiuopnou ns w ilbled istoorrbt leodc bkyeod u orw ns ujbcetive associaTthieao cnhsi.e veomfte hnpitrs e sbeonotlk i ients h hee lp ito ffeWress tepreno ptlole o oaktt hfeo romf s acraerkdtn own asi conIstp. r oviadl eusc oiudt loifnm ea nyo ft hmey stiocra l esotiedreitachs al tic el otsote h hee aorftt hCeh risttriaadni tion. Thesied ecahsa lluesnt gote h iinnka n eww ayn,o otn layb out Christibaunatib toyul,ti i ftes eAlnf.dt ot hiinnka n eww ayi s thfier sstt ep totwhaaurtnd isqe uvee onftt hheu man pcsaylclhee d seeing. iNdeeniaotsirh m earg aelso cnaecn a uusste o s ebeu,tt h ey caonr ieonuitrn tenatnigdou ni udset owartdhasec otfo penitnog thuen ivemryssatlet rhyah tan se ithern onfrao mrem . Sacraerdet x iwsittsh tihnce o ntoefxa tt radiwthiiocnih,st o satyh aittc ommunicfautloelnsyl tyot hmea no rw omawnh o undergtoheresa ngoefe xperitehnacater sme a dea vailianb le thceo nditoiflo incfsre e abtyet dh ter adiTthiioisnsn . o where morter uteh ainnt hcea soeft hiec oonfsO rthodCohxr istianity. Therefeovreaenb , o oaksd evotaenddlh yo noracbolnyc eaisv ed thiosn ew ilnlo etn abulste o e xperiiecnocinenst hwea yt haits possifobral neO rthodox ChArtti hsseta imateni .mh eo,w ever, altlr adiatnidto hne,r eafloslra ec raerdta ,l sdoe awlist whh aits univerhsuamlalnTy.h ei cotnh,e recfaonrnebo,ut st p etaokt he Worl-dp recibseeclayui stse p easkosd eepalnydp recitsoe ly thCeh ristWihaantR. i chaTredm plhea sd onies t om aket his extraordpiunraaerr fitol ryam c cestsoie bvleerW ye stemrann orw omanw hoi sv isibtyet dh qeu estoifho inos w nl iafned deatahn,dw hoy eartnots h iannkdf ee lm ordee eply about who heisa ndw hyh ei so ne artI,hfd .u rionrag t fetrh ree adoifn g _ th1bso oko,n em aketsh eeff ortto 'j uslto oakt'i· c o,no snem ay ICONS underag floe etibnugte, x traoredxipnearriyFe rnocmte r.y ing tos eteh iec oonn,em ays uddesnelnyts hea otn ei ss eebny i t. Fora m omenwte,a ruen detrh ree gaorfad g reaptreers ence. Thel anguoafgr ee ligmiaoysn p eaokft hisse eipnrge seansc e loca'tiehnde av-ebnu'tu nmistya,kt ahbcela illst or eceiitvse actiuopno uns f rowmi thAilnil.d eaaslp,lr ayaelrrl,i taunadl altlh ceo mpassitornaadtioetf im oannsk ianrdme e anttog uiudse agaainnad g ationw artdhesix sp eriwehniccaehl ocnaebn r i'ntgh e substoafnt chien hgosp efdo rt,he ev ideonftc hei nugnss een'.