Ice-Structure Interaction: IUTAM/IAHR Symposium St. John’s, Newfoundland Canada 1989 PDF
Preview Ice-Structure Interaction: IUTAM/IAHR Symposium St. John’s, Newfoundland Canada 1989
Ice-Structure Interaction International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics International Association for Hydraulic Research s. J. Jones, R. F. McKenna, J.Tillotson, I. J. Jordaan (Eds.) Ice-Structure Interaction IUTAM/IAHR Symposium St.John's, Newfoundland Canada 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Dr. Stephen Jones Joy Tillotson National Research Council Institute for Marine Dynamics P. O. Box 12093 Station A, St. John's NF A1B3T5 Canada Dr. Richard F. McKenna Dr. Ian J.Jordaan Ocean Engineering Research Centre Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St.John's NF A1B3X5 Canada ISBN-13:978-3-642-841 02-6 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-841 00-2 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-84100-2 This work is subject to copyright.AII rights are reserved, whetherthe whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplica- tion of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag, BerUn Heidelberg 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera ready by authors. 61/3020543210- Printed on acid-free paper GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific Committee: D.B. Muggeridge, Canada (Chairman) I.J. Jordaan, Canada (Co-Chairman) T. Carstens, Norway F. T. Christensen, Denmark K.R Croasdale, Canada D. Drucker, USA (ex-officio) P. Duval, France G. Frankenstein, USA R Frederking, Canada Y. Fujita, Japan S.S. Grigoryan, USSR M. Maattanen, Finland O. Mahrenholtz, FRG B. Michel, Canada RL. Nordgren, USA G.W. Timco, Canada Sponsor: International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) Co-sponsors: International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR) Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering (C-CORE) National Research Council Canada, Institute for Marine Dynamics Mobil Oil Canada Properties VI Local Organizing Committee: I.J. Jordaan, Memorial University, Chairman D.B. Muggeridge, Memorial University, Co-Chairman D. Duthinh, C-CORE/Memorial University S.J. Jones, National Research Council of Canada R.F. McKenna, Memorial University A.S.J. Swamidas, Memorial University J.A. Whittick, C-CORE/Memorial University Financial Support: Financial support of the Symposium was generously provided by the In- ternational Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM), the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and Mobil Oil Canada Properties. PREFACE IUTAM-IAHR Symposium on Ice-Structure Interaction Professor Bez Tabarrok, Chairman of the Canadian National Committee (CNC) of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) invited Professor Derek Muggeridge to organize a symposium on ice structure interaction. Dr. Muggeridge readily agreed and prepared a proposal that was endorsed by the CNC and presented to the General Assembly Meeting of IUTAM for their consideration. This Assembly gave its approval and provided the local organizing committee with the names of individuals who were willing to serve on the Scientific Committee. Dr. Muggeridge became chairman of this committee and Dr. Ian Jordaan became co-chairman of this committee as well as chairman of the local organizing committee. The symposium followed the very successful previous meeting, chaired by Professor P. Tryde in Copenhagen, by ten years. Both symposia uti- lized Springer-Verlag to publish their proceedings. The Faculty of En- gineering and Applied Science at Memorial University of Newfoundland were particul{lXly pleased to host this prestigious symposium as it marked the twentieth anniversary of its Ocean Engineering Research Centre. A co-sponsor was found for the symposium, in the form of the Interna- tional Association for Hydraulics Research, and we are grateful for their help and advice. Later, other organizations were approached: - National Research Council of Canada - Mobil Oil Canada Properties - Centre for Cold Oceans Resources Engineering (C-CORE) and we were delighted to rec~ive support from them, both financial and technical. Thus was born the "IUTAM-IAHR Symposium on Ice- structure Interaction" held at Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, from 14-17 August, 1989. VIII In accordance with the rules of the IUTAM, all the speakers and par- ticipants were invited. The programme consisted of 33 papers which are included in these proceedings. The timing of the symposium was very appropriate. The subject mat- ter had previously been of interest to offshore engineers for many years, but within months of this symposium two monographs on the subject were published. These books, together with these proceedings, clearly represent the state of the subject in 1990. Many people worked hard to make the symposium the success that it was. In addition to the people on the committees listed, many students and staff from Memorial University, and from the Institute for Marine Dynamics, contributed time and effort. We have gone to some lengths to prepare a volume of good quality, and attractive appearance, and this has involved considerable retyping. Mary Brown and Deborah Quinlan have borne the brunt of this and we are very grateful to them, to Barbara Rodden for proofreading the final manuscripts, and to Barry Stone for assembling the final version. We also appreciate greatly Hanny M. Muggeridge's artistic skills in designing our logo. Finally, we thank the publishers for their co-operation and patience in this endeavour. Stephen J. Jones St. John's, Newfoundland November 1990 CONTENTS General Information v Preface Vll SESSION I: CREEP AND VISCOELASTICITY Creep and Rupture in Relation to Field Experiments 3 A.R.S. PonteI' and A.C.F. Cocks The Use of Tertiary Creep Rates in Ice at High Strains 21 in Compression and Shear T.H. Jacka and W.F. Budd Creep and Settlement of Ice Structures - A Case History 37 D.M. Masterson and T. Smith Creep Constitutive Equations for Polycrystalline Ice 55 and Effect of Microcracking P. Duval, P. Kalifa and J. Meyssonnier Kinetics of Microcracking and Dilatation in Polycrystalline Ice 69 N.K. Sinha Chairman's Remarks 89 SESSION II: FRACTURE Fracture Mechanics Models of Ice-Structure Interaction 93 A.C. Palmer The Fracture Toughness of Ice 109 J.P. Dempsey The Study of Fracture Toughness of Bohai Sea Ice 147 W. Shen, S.Z. Lin, P. Gu, X.A. Zhou x The Tensile and Compressive Fracture of Ice 165 E.M. Schulson SESSION III: DAMAGE AND COMPRESSIVE FRACTURE Models for the Deformation Behavior of Viscoelastic Media 191 with Distributed Damage and Their Applicability to Ice RA. Schapery Microfracture and The Compressive Failure of Polycrystalline Ice 231 D.M. Cole Some Questions on Ice and Ice Cover Fracture in Compression 251 RV. Goldstein and N.M. Osipenko Seasonal Compressive Strength of Beaufort Sea Ice Sheets 267 G.W. Timco and RM.W. Frederking Processes of Deformation and Fracture of Ice in Compression 283 LJ. Jordaan and RF. McKenna A Plasticity Model for the Crushing of Ice 311 J.F. Dorris Strength and Failure Modes of Pure Ice and Multi-Year 339 SeaIce Under Triaxial Loading S.A.F. Murrell, P.R Sammonds and M.A. Rist Sea Ice Under Complex Stress States: Constitutive 363 Modelling and, Testing F.U. Hausler, H.G. Matthies and C.S. Moore SESSION IV: FRICTION AND BROKEN ICE MASSES Mechanisms of Ice Friction 385 J. M0lgaard Crushing Friction Experiments on Freshwater Ice 405 RE. Gagnon and J. M0lgaard Do Cracks Reduce Thermal Ice Stresses? 423 L.A. F'ransson XI SESSION V: DESIGN METHODOLOGIES Statistical Analysis of Ice Forces 439 T.J.O. Sanderson Probabilistic Determination of Iceberg Collision Design 459 Loads for Floating Production Vessels M.K. Fuglem, D. Duthinh, J.H. Lever and LJ. Jordaan The Selection of Design Ice Loads and Design Ice Features 483 For Fixed Offshore Structures in the Beaufort Sea M. Nessim and LJ. Jordaan Structural Risk Model of Arctic Shipping 507 C.G. Daley, C. Ferregut and R. Brown Probabilistic Ice Forces on Offshore Structures 541 D.E. Nevel Chairman's Remarks 559 SESSION VI: ICE-STRUCTURE INTERACTION Ice Interaction with Structures 563 M. P .. Maattanen Adjusting Local Stiffness for Improving Dynamic 581 Ice-Structure Interaction of Bohai Jackets X. Jizu and W. Lingyu Theoretical IyIodelling of Ice-Structure Interaction 595 K. Riska Ice-Structure Interaction During Indentation Tests 619 D.S. Sodhi Structure Geometry and Ice Interaction 641 K.R. Croasdale and M. Metge Dynamics of Continuous Icebreaking 669 by an Icebreaker Hull R. Ettema and F. Stern Impact Ice Pressure: More Questions than Answers 693 A.L. Tunik
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