ICE manual of health and safety in construction

288 Pages·2010·8.9 MB·English

by  Ciaran McAleenan, David Oloke, Ciaran McAleenan, David Oloke

ICE manual of
health and safety
in construction
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
ICE manual of
health and safety
in construction
Edited by
Ciaran McAleenan
Expert Ease International, Northern Ireland
David Oloke
University of Wolverhampton, UK
ice | manuals
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
Published by Thomas Telford Limited, 40 Marsh Wall, London E14 9TP, UK.
www.thomastelford.com
Distributors for Thomas Telford books are
USA: Publishers, Storage and Shipping Corp., 46 Development Road, Fitchburg, MA 01420
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First published 2010
ISBN: 978-0-7277-4056-4
Future titles in the ICE Manuals series from Thomas Telford Limited
ICE manual of geotechnical engineering
ICE manual of construction law
ICE manual of highway design and management
Currently available in the ICE Manual series from Thomas Telford Limited
ICE manual of bridge engineering – second edition. 978-0-7277-3452-5
ICE manual of construction materials – two volume set. 978-0-7277-3597-3
www.icemanuals.com
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
© Institution of Civil Engineers 2010
All rights, including translation, reserved. Except as permitted by the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the Publisher, Thomas Telford Ltd, 40 Marsh Wall,
London E14 9TP, UK.
This book is published on the understanding that the authors are solely responsible for the
statements made and opinions expressed in it and that its publication does not necessarily imply
that such statements and/or opinions are or refl ect the views or opinions of the publishers. While
every effort has been made to ensure that the statements made and the opinions expressed in
this publication provide a safe and accurate guide, no liability or responsibility can be accepted in
this respect by the authors or publishers.
The authors and the publisher have made every reasonable effort to locate, contact and
acknowledge copyright owners. The publisher wishes to be informed by copyright owners who
are not properly identifi ed and acknowledged in this publication so that we may make necessary
corrections.
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Index created by Indexing Specialists (UK) Ltd, Hove, East Sussex
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Latimer Trend & Company Ltd, Plymouth
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
Contents
Foreword ix The Principal Contractor 32
The Contractor 33
The Sub-contractor 35
Preface xi
Duty Holder responsibilities and information fl ow structure 35
Innovation in CDM coordination – a case study of London 2012 35
List of contributors xiii Summary and conclusion 37
References 37
SECTION 1: Introduction
Chapter 4: Managing workers’ conditions 39
Chapter 1: Legal principles 3 P. McAleenan
A. Metherall
Introduction 39
Introduction 3 The Bilbao Declaration 39
Background 4 Workers’ conditions 40
Legislative framework 5 Client 41
Regulations 6 The Designer 42
Approved Codes of Practice, Guidance and good practice 7 Contractor 42
Other law 8 Hazards assessment and controls 43
Criminal liability 8 Case studies 45
Civil liability 12 Summary of main points 46
Inquests 12 References 46
Insurance 13
Other jurisdictions 13
SECTION 3: Managing occupational health and safety
Summary of main points 15
References 15 in construction
Chapter 2: Recognising health hazards in construction 17 Chapter 5: The different phases in c onstruction – design
D. Skan and K. Logan in health and safety to the project life cycle 51
S. Steven
Introduction 17
Background 17 Introduction 51
Concept of wellness 18 Opportunity management of hazards in design available
Wellbeing defi nition 18 to Designers – key role to play 52
Mapping workplace interventions 18 Construction risk m anagement process – decision
Managing risk 18 making framework 53
Support and rehabilitation of the ill employee and role of Acceptable levels of risk 56
occupational health services 19 Construction risk management – identifi cation of main risk areas 58
Health promotion 21 Opportunity to manage hazards and safety in design
Specifi c hazards 21 during the project process 61
Summary of main points 24 Health and safety in design 63
Disclaimer 24 Living the dream 67
References 25 Summary of main points 67
References 68
SECTION 2: Workforce issues
Chapter 6: Establishing operational control processes 71
C. McAleenan
Chapter 3: Responsibilities of key duty holders in
Introduction 71
construction design and management 29
Dispelling some risk assessment myths 72
D. A. O. Oloke
Safe to start 73
Introduction 29 Workforce involvement 74
The Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) 29 Operational analysis and control 74
The Client 30 Method statements 76
The CDM Coordinator 31 Permits and safe systems of work 77
The Designer 31 Accidents are control failures 77
ICE manual of health and safety in construction © 2010 Institution of Civil Engineers www.icemanuals.com v
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
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Duty of care 78 Chapter 12: Controlling exposure to biological hazards 135
Summary of main points 78 A. Coker and M. K. C. Sridhar
References 80
Biological hazards 135
Sources of biological hazards 136
Chapter 7: Occupational health and safety Recognition of a biological hazard 139
Routes of entry 139
management systems 81
Biosafety levels (BSL) 139
P. McAleenan
Biohazard preventive measures 140
Introduction 81 Hazard controls 141
Governance 81 Special systems to control emerging biohazards 142
Individual and organisational competence 82 Field kits 142
Prevention 82 Good working practices 142
Owners, shareholders and stakeholders 83 Common disinfectants against biological agents 143
Management 83 Spillage management 143
Communication and information 83 Biowaste management 144
Planning and resources 84 Monitoring and assessment of biohazards 144
Emergency planning and business continuity 85 Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders 145
Monitoring and reporting 85 Selected case studies 146
Occupational health and safety management systems Summary of main points 147
standards, accreditation and certifi cation 87 References 148
Summary of main points 88
References 88
Chapter 13: Controlling exposure to physical hazards 149
T. C. Haupt
Chapter 8: Assessing health issues in construction 91 Introduction 149
A. G. F. Gibb The nature of physical hazards 149
Signifi cance of occupational health 91 The consequences of exposure to physical hazards 150
Managing occupational health 93 Hazard identifi cation and risk assessment (HIRA) 150
Construction occupational health problems 93 Examples of dominant physical hazards 151
Problems caused by materials hazardous to health 97 Physical health effects of exposure to physical hazards 154
Summary 100 Designing for health 157
References 100 Management and environmental issues 158
Summary of main points 161
References 161
Chapter 9: Assessing safety issues in c onstruction 101
P. McAleenan
SECTION 5: Safety hazards
Introduction 101
Hazards assessment 102
Models for assessing hazards 103 Chapter 14: Working at height and roofwork 165
Stages in the assessment process 105 P. Fewings
Summary of main points 109
Background and application 165
References 110
Culture 165
Work at height avoidance 166
Defi nition and assessment of working at height 166
Chapter 10: Procurement 111
Principles of working at height 167
C. McAleenan
Work at Height Regulations 2005 (WAHR) 168
Introduction 111 Equipment used for working at height 168
Partnering 112 Scaffolding 171
Commitments and initiatives 112 Working on roofs 173
First principles 113 Rope work 174
Meeting the procurement challenge 114 No scaffold policy 177
Prove it … 115 Summary of main points 177
Public-private partnerships/private fi nance initiatives 116 Acknowledgement 178
Summary of main points 116 References 178
References 116
Chapter 15: Excavations and piling 181
SECTION 4: Health hazards M. Battman
Introduction 181
Chapter 11: Controlling exposure to chemical Hazards 181
hazards 121 Control measures – options 184
P. McAleenan Planning 184
Designers – what can they do? (See also the section on planning) 185
Introduction 121 Piling 186
Where hazardous substances are found 122 Piling – safety issues 187
How chemicals and hazardous substances Summary of main points 188
enter the body 122 References 188
Effects of hazardous chemicals and substances
on health 124
Chapter 16: Confi ned spaces 189
Main types of chemical hazard in construction 125
P. McAleenan
Controls, storage and disposal 129
Statutory issues 131 Introduction 189
Summary of main points 132 Legislation 189
References 132 Classifi cation of confi ned spaces 191
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Contents ice | manuals
Duties in respect of confi ned spaces 191 Chapter 19: Transportation and vehicle movement 233
Design issues 192 D. R. Bramall
Pre-entry assessment 192
Introduction 233
Entry controls – safe system of work, permits and
Getting to and from the site 234
authorised persons 194
Getting in and out of the site 237
Entry controls: energy sources and atmosphere monitoring 196
Moving around the site 239
Entry controls: communication 196
Getting people safely past the site 240
Entry controls: respiratory protection 197
Summary of main points 246
Entry controls: breathing apparatus 199
Disclaimer 246
Donning and using RPE 200
References 246
Emergency procedures 200
Summary of main points 202
References 202 Chapter 20: Fire and explosion hazards 249
D. W. Price
Chapter 17: Falsework 205
Introduction 249
J. Carpenter
What actually is combustion? 249
Introduction 205 When is a fi re a fi re? 249
Falsework characteristics 205 Explosions 250
Background issues 206 Legislation 252
Responsibilities 208 Hazard and risk assessment 252
Robustness 210 Estimating the explosion risk 254
Managing the process 210 Acceptance criteria 254
Inspecting falsework 212 Prevention and protection 255
Health and safety hazards 213 Ignition sources 258
Summary of main points 213 Summary of main points 261
References 213 References 261
Chapter 18: Demolition, partial demolition, structural
Chapter 21: Working on, in, over or
refurbishment and decommissioning 215
near water 263
B. Neale
D. N. Porter
Introduction 215
Introduction 263
What can be considered to be demolition? 216
Planning 263
Risk management approach – is demolition the best option? 219
During construction 264
Planning, procuring and managing 221
Flood emergency response 267
Principles of demolition, partial demolition and structural
Plant and equipment 267
refurbishment 224
Watercourse works 268
Approaches to structural demolition 226
Tidal issues 270
Sustainable approaches 228
Health risks – waterborne infections 270
Approaches to demolition methods and techniques 228
Conclusion and summary of main points 270
Completion of the works 228
References 271
Training and competencies 228
Summary of main points 231
References 231 Index 273
ICE manual of health and safety in construction © 2010 Institution of Civil Engineers www.icemanuals.com vii
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
Foreword
We readily admire the achievements of the great Victorian civil engineers: their vision, their innovation, their
fl air, and the way they shaped our society and the world. But these achievements often had a terrible
human cost, with many killed and injured during construction.
Thankfully, the last four decades have seen a quantum leap in the way that we care for the health, safety
and welfare of our workforce, and anyone who may be affected by our works. This is partly because of
legislation – the Health and Safety at Work Act, the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations,
the Corporate Manslaughter Act and so on.
But should we take care of health, safety and welfare simply because legislation forces us to? Or should
we do so because it’s the right thing to do in the fi rst place?
As professionals, we have our core values and our code of conduct. Accordingly, the Institution of Civil
Engineers (ICE) requires all its members to have a sound knowledge of health and safety, and a high regard
for the consequences of professional activities on the safety of workers and others. This means that we
must: work with integrity; tackle only the work we are competent to do; act always in the public interest; and
develop our knowledge. If we follow these principles we will ensure that health, safety and welfare will be
at the heart of everything we do.
And while there have been many health and safety text books published over recent years there has
never been such a comprehensive book written by, and for, practicing construction professionals. Much
care has gone into the selection of topic experts. So I commend the ICE for producing this practical
handbook. It is not an academic textbook. Rather, it demonstrates how working safely can become second
nature, improve the way we do things, and provide the key to successful construction.
David Orr CBE FREng CEnv FICE FIAE FIHT
ICE Past President 2007–2008
ICE manual of health and safety in construction © 2010 Institution of Civil Engineers www.icemanuals.com ix
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.