ICDS - ANDHRA PRADESH - Women Development Child Welfare

109 Pages·2014·1.85 MB·English

ICDS - ANDHRA PRADESH
ANNUALPROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (APIP) 2014-15
SECTION I: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
A. Socio-Economic and Demographic profile of Andhra Pradesh
A.1 An Overview of Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh (AP), is the fourth largest State of the countrywith an area of
2,75,045 sq.km and accounts for 8.4% of India’s territory. In terms of population,
Andhra Pradesh is the fifth largest State in the country. The capital of the State is the
vibrant and cosmopolitan city of Hyderabad popularly known as the ‘City of Pearls’
and symbolized by the ‘Charminar’. Hyderabad has in the past one decade become a
major IT hub and developed into a world class city.
Andhra Pradesh finds mention in many ancient works of literature.The first historical
records appear in the Buddhist text Anguttara Nikaya.Andhra has been mentioned in
the Sanskrit epics such asAitareya Brahmana (800 BCE) andMahabharata (400
BCE).The Natya Shastra written byBharatha(1st century BCE) also mentions about
the Andhra people.
The region comprising Hyderabad and its surroundings was ruled by Chalukyas and
then by the Kakatiyas. Later, the region was under the Delhi Sultanate, the Bahamanis,
the Qutb Shahi dynasty, the Mughals and finally the Nizams.
The State has many places of cultural significance besides places of religious worship
including the world famous deity, Tirupati Balaji. Kuchipudi, a blend of music and
abhinaya, is Andhra Pradesh's unique contribution to dance. Many festivals are
celebrated in the State, but the celebrations of Ugadi (Telugu New Year's day),
Sankranti, Dasara, Vinayaka Chavithi and Batakamma Panduga in the State are
unique.
The primary official language of Andhra Pradesh isTelugu and the co-official
language is Urdu. Other languages often spoken in the State include Hindi, Marathi,
Tamil, Kannada, Oriya and English.
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Located in the southern region of the country, Andhra Pradesh shares its borders with
States of Orissa, Maharashtra, Karnataka andTamil Nadu. Andhra Pradesh is endowed
with a variety of physiographic features ranging from high hills, undulating plains to a
coastal deltaic environment. Two major rivers, theGodavari and the Krishna, run
across the State. Andhra Pradesh has the second longest coastline (of 972km) among
all the States of India, after Gujarat. Andhra Pradesh has some of the important ports
in the country and is thus of great importance with regardto trade.
The State is agrarian in character and is endowed with fertile land, water and
conducive agro-climatic conditions which has enabled it to be agriculturally-
prosperous. Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of rice in India and is historically
called the “Rice Bowl of India”. It is also the leading producer of cash crops like
tobacco, groundnut, chillies, turmeric, oilseeds, cotton, sugar and jute. It produces
some of the finest varieties ofmangoes, grapes, guavas, sapotas, papayas and bananas.
Andhra Pradesh is a mineral rich State (ranking 2nd in the country) containing a vast
variety of mineral wealth particularly industrial minerals. Andhra Pradesh is engaged
in mining of 42 industrial minerals including limestone, mica, barytes, bauxite, beach
sands, steatite, quartz, feldspar, manganese, dolomite etc. A host of infrastructure
facilities are offered by the State that include industrial development areas, industrial
estates, growth centres, special economic zones and special complexes like chemical
complex, plastic complex, leather complex, games complex, financial district and
software technology parks.
The State has strong R & D infrastructure, with leading institutions like Centre for
Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), International Crop Research Institute for
the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), National Academy for Agricultural Research
Management (NAARM), National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management
(MANAGE) and National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD). The capital city
also has a number of defence and defence related organizations like Research Centre
Imarat (RCI), Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), Defence
Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
etc.
The State is also known for its progress in technical education particularly for
Engineering, Medicine and Agriculture. The students from AP are seen in IITs and
Medical colleges of the country. The success of IT revolution in the State and the
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number of professionally qualified persons from the State working in other countries
is an indicator of the progress in technical education.
The State has focused on rural development, community and women empowerment
and thus on strengthening of women Self Help Groups (SHGs), Water Users
Associations, Watershed Committees, School Education Committees, Mothers
Committees, Rytumitra Groups (farmers clubs) and Vana Samrakshana Samithi (Joint
Forest Management).
The State has also focused on eliminating poverty by providing housing and pension
on a saturation mode, by providing interest subsidy to SHG members and scholarships
to the weaker sections. The State has also emphasized on providing universal access to
quality health and nutrition services especially to women and children.
According to the Planning Commission of India, Andhra Pradesh is the third largest
economy in India in terms of Gross State Domestic Product GSDP (Data book for
DCH, 2012). Compared to previous decades, the average growth rate of the State
economy in the last decade is substantially higher. During the last decade (2002-
2012), the economy grew at an average rate of 8.2%, with the average rate of growth
reaching a high of 8.4% in the last two years. While starting from a relatively low per
capita income, the State has managed to surpass the national average per capita
income about a decade ago.Two of the mega cities of the state – Hyderabad
andVisakhapatnamwere listed among the top 15 cities contributing to India's overall
gross domestic product.
The State has 23 Districts, 1128 Mandals, 27800 Villages and 21,843 Gram
Panchayats. There are three regions in Andhra Pradesh viz. (1) Northern Circars or
Coastal Andhra comprising of 9 districts i.e. Srikakulam, Vizianagaram,
Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Ongole and Nellore
districts; (2) Rayalaseema or Ceded districts comprising of 4 districts i.e. Kurnool,
Cuddapah (YSR), Chittoor and Anantapur districts; and (3) Telangana comprising of
10 districts i.e. Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam, Nizamabad, Medak,
Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar, Rangareddy and Hyderabad districts.
On 1 November 1956, as per the States Reorganisation Act, the State of Andhra
Pradesh was formed by merging Andhra Statewith the Telugu-speaking areas of the
already existing Hyderabad State. The Marathi-speaking areas of Hyderabad State
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were merged withBombay Stateand the Kannada-speaking areas were merged
with Mysore State.
In February 2014, the Parliament of India has enacted legislation which will lead to
the formation of a new state to be known as Telangana with ten districts in north-
western Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad will be the capital of the new State and will
continue to serve as capital of the residual Andhra Pradesh for a period of time not
exceeding 10 years. The newState will come into existence on 2nd June 2014.
A.2 Population Characteristics- Rural/Urban/SC/ST
Andhra Pradesh has a population of 8.46 corers as per 2011 census. The growth of
population which was below 15% until 1961, rose to 24.2% during 1981-91 which
was the highest ever recorded. Later, there was a significant decline in the growth rate
of population which was 14.59% during 1991-2001 and which further came down to
10.98% during 2001-11 and is lower than the all India’s growth of 17.68% during
2001-11.
Decadal Variation of Population:1961-2011 (AP)
30
24.2
25 23.1
20.9
e
g
a20
t 14.59
n
e15
c 10.98
r
e10
P
5
0
1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11
*Source : as per Censusdata
The percentage of urban population to the total population in the State is 33.36% in
2011 as compared to 27.30% in 2001. The percentage of rural population to the total
population is 66.64% in 2011 as compared to 72.69% in 2001. The SC population to
the total population is 16.41% in 2011 as compared to 16.19% in 2001. The ST
population to the total population is 7% in 2011 as compared to 6.57% in 2001.
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Population Characteristics (AP)
Description 2011 2001
Population 84,580,777 76,210,007
Male 42,442,146 38,527,413
Female 42,138,631 37,682,594
Decadal Population Growth 10.98% 14.59%
Sex Ratio 993 978
Child Sex Ratio 939 961
Density / sq.km 308 277
Area in sq.km 275,045 275,045
Total child population (0-6 yrs) 9,142,802 10,171,857
Male population (0-6 yrs) 4,714,950 5,187,321
Female population (0-6 yrs) 4,427,852 4,984,536
Rural 5,63,61,702 (66.64%) 55,401,067 (72.69%)
Urban 2,82,19,075 (33.36%) 20,808,940 (27.30%)
SC population 1,38,78,078 (16.41%) 1,23,39,496 (16.19%)
ST population 59,18,073 (7%) 50,24,104 (6.59%)
*Source : as per Censusdata
A.3 Child Population and Child Sex Ratio
The child population in the age group of 0-6 years in the State as per Census, 2011 is
9.14 million, out of which the rural child population is 6.15 million and urban is 2.9
million. The child population has declined by 1 million in the State during 2001-11.
Child Population (AP)
Total / Rural / Population 0-6 years Decadal
Urban Percentage
2001 2011 Variation
Total 1,01,71,857 91,42,802 -10.11
Rural 72,62,911 61,52,022 -15.3
Urban 29,08,946 29,90,780 2.81
*Source : as per Censusdata
As per the ICDS household survey data (January 2013), the child population covered
in the age group of 0-6 years is 5.9 million of which Rural, Urban and Tribal areas is
4.8 million, 0.8 million and 0.3 million respectively. The child population as per ICDS
MPR for December 2013 is 6.14 million.
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Child population covered by ICDS by Age Group(AP)
S.No Age group Rural Urban Tribal Total
1 Below 6 months 622070 100576 41094 763740
2 6m-1yr 626111 105419 50082 781612
3 1yr -3yrs 1755303 315207 108305 2178815
4 3yrs-6yrs 1940430 359257 119422 2419109
TOTAL 4943914 880459 318903 6143276
*Source : as per ICDS MPR of Dec-2013
As per Census 2011, Child Sex Ratio (CSR) in the age group of 0-6 years is 939 and
has fallen by 22 points during the decade. In rural areas the fall is significant i.e., by
22 points (963 to 941) and in urban areas the fall is by 20 points (955 to 935) over the
last decade.
Decline in Child Sex Ratio (AP)
Census Total (0-6 yrs) Boys Girls CSR
2001 1,01,71,857 5187321 4884536 961
2011 91,42,802 4714950 4427852 939
Decline -1029055 -22
*Source : as per Censusdata
Decline in Child Sex Ratio
- Rural and Urban (AP)
Residence 2001 2011 Change
Total 961 939 -22
Rural 963 941 -22
Urban 955 935 -20
* Source : as per Censusdata
A.4 Literacy Status
The State’s literacy rate has increased from 44.1% in 1991 to 60.47% in 2001 to
67.02% in 2011, but the literacy rate is stilllower than that of the all India literacy rate
of 74.04%.
The male literacy rate has increased from 70.32% in 2001 to 74.88% in 2011 and the
female literacy rate has gone up from 50.43% to 59.15% and the decadal change in
female literacy rate is 8.72%. Among the districts, Hyderabad has the highest literacy
rate of79.35% and Mahabubnagar District the least with 44.72% in2011.
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Literacy Status(AP)
Description 2011 2001
Literacy 67.02% 60.47%
Male Literacy 74.88% 70.32%
Female Literacy 59.15% 50.43%
Total Literate 50,556,760 39,934,323
Male Literate 28,251,243 23,444,788
Female Literate 22,305,517 16,489,535
*Source : as per Censusdata
B. Nutrition and Health status of Women and Children in the State
Among the nutrition and health outcomes, the most important is Infant Mortality
Rate (IMR). It reflects the health status, socio-economic development and the quality
of life of a country/State/region. In this respect Andhra Pradesh has still much to
achieve. The IMR has reduced from 63 (per 1000 live birth) (SRS-1997) to 41 (SRS-
2013) as against the all India decline from 71 (SRS-1997) to 42 (SRS-2013).
Moreover, the IMR of the State is much higher than the IMR of Karnataka (32),
Tamil Nadu (21), Kerala (12) as per SRS-2013. On the nutrition front, the State has
therefore introduced initiatives of “Indiramma Amrutha Hastham” (IAH) to reduce
incidence of Low Birth Weight; “Special care and Supervised feeding” for Severely
Underweight (SUW)/ Severe Acute malnutrition (SAM) / Moderate Acute
Malnutrition (MAM) children under 5 years; “Maarpu” for making concerted efforts
for convergence with allied departments and SHGs and community apart from
making efforts to improve the service delivery.
Another important indicator that reflects health status in general and women in
particular is Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). The performance of the State in
reducing MMR has been better. The MMR declined from 220 (per 1 lakh live births)
(SRS-1997) to 110 (SRS-2013) mainly as a result of increase in institutional
deliveries. Nevertheless the MMR is still higher than that of Tamil Nadu (90) and
Kerala (66) as per SRS-2013. With regard to nutrition, efforts need to be made to
reduce anaemia among pregnant women, improve compliance of pregnant women in
consumption of IFA tablets and increase the age at marriage.
Important aspects critical for the safe motherhood are Ante Natal Care (ANC), safe
delivery and post-natal care for the mother. Most (95.9%) of the mothers in Andhra
Pradesh had received at least one ANC as per DLHS-3 (2007-08). However, the
quality of antenatal care in terms of timing of first visit and number of visits are more
important. In this respect as per DLHS-3 (2007-08) 67.52% of mothers in the State
had their first ANC visit within the first three months of their pregnancy (first
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trimester) and 89.4% of the mothers had three or more ANC check-ups/visits in the
State. With respect to safe delivery, about 71.8% of deliveries in the State as per
DLHS-3 (2007-08) are registered as Institutional Deliveries - i.e. deliveries in any
health facility which is equipped with handling of the delivery. However, present
figures of the Department of Health and Family Welfare, reveal that more than 95% of
deliveries are registered as Institutional deliveries.
Low Birth Weight is a matter of concern since 90% of deaths occur among infants
with birth weight below 2500 g and hence the maternal nutritional status is the most
decisive factor in preventing Low Birth Weight babies. The prevalence of Low Birth
Weight children as per NFHS-3 (2005-06) in Andhra Pradesh is 19.4% which is the
highest among the other southern States viz. Karnataka (18.7), Tamilnadu (17.2) and
Kerala (16.1).
About one-third of children under three years of age in AP were identified as under-
nourished as per NFHS-3 (2005-06). In particular, 29.8% children are Underweight,
38.4% children are Stunted and 14.9% children are classified as Wasted. The State
had witnessed only a marginal reduction in the level of under-nutrition between 1998-
99 (NFHS-2) and 2005-06 (NFHS-3) by 4.4 points. About three-fourth of children in
the State are found to be anaemic. As per NFHS-3, 79.6% of the children below 3
years in the State are anaemic which isslightly higher than the National average.
According to the DLHS-3, 47.8% of the total children below 3 years were breastfed
within 1 hour of birth, while 43.9% of the total children 0-5 months were
exclusively breastfed and 55% of the children 6-9 months received complementary
feeding (solid or semi-solid food and breast milk).
The nutritional status among the women in the State shows that 30.8% of them
have BMI below normal. Between 1998-99 (NFHS-2) and 2005-06 (NFHS-3), the
decline in the percentage of women who are having BMI below normal is by 6.6
points only.
Anaemia, a leading cause for maternal mortality and low birth weight, is a wide
spread public health problem affecting infants, children, adolescent girls and women
of reproductive age. In Andhra Pradesh, the increasing incidence of anaemia among
women is an alarming concern wherein nearly half of the women in the
reproductive age group (15-49) were anaemic in 1998-99 and it increased to two-third
in 2005-06. The prevalence of anaemia increased from 49.8% (NFHS-2) to 62.9%
(NFHS-3). This is alarming and also relatively high when compared to other southern
States.
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Andhra
Health and Nutrition Indicators India
Pradesh
Nutritional status-Children< 3 Years (%) *
Underweight 29.8 40.4
Stunted 38.4 44.9
Wasted 14.9 22.9
Nutritional status-Children< 5 Years (%) *
Underweight 32.5 42.5
Stunted 42.7 48.0
Wasted 12.2 19.8
SAM 3.5 6.4
Severe Under Weight 9.9 15.8
Child Feeding Practices (%) **
Children Under 3 years breastfed within one hour of birth 47.8 40.5
Children age 0-5 months exclusively breastfed 43.9 46.8
Children aged 6-35 month exclusively breastfed-six months 32.3 25.5
Children age 6-9 months-solid/semi-solid food & breast milk 55.0 57.1
Antenatal Care (%) **
Mothers who had taken Antenatal care 95.9 75.2
Mothers who had visited within thefirst three months of their 67.3 45.0
pregnancy
Mothers who had three or more ANC 89.4 49.8
Mothers who had full antenatal check-up 40.6 18.8
Mothers who consumed 100 IFA tablets 45.8 46.6
Maternity Care & Child Health (%)
Institutional delivery ** 71.8 47.0
Children with diarrhea in the last 2 weeks received ORS ** 43.3 34.0
Low birth weight * 19.4 21.5
Vitamin A supplementation of children age 12-35 months * 28.7 24.9
Children 12-23 months fully immunized ** 67.1 54.0
Children 12-23 months measles vaccine PP ** 88.6 70.0
Households with iodine content of salt (%) *
Adequate (15 + ppm) 31.0 51.1
None (0 ppm) 40.0 23.9
Anaemia among Children & Women (%) *
Children age 6-35 months 79.6 78.9
Children age 6-59 months 70.8 69.5
Children age 6-59 months –Severe 3.6 2.9
Women age 15-49 62.7 56.2
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Pregnant women age 15-49 58.2 57.9
Other Indicators (%)
Women married before 18 years * 54.8 47.4
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) *** 110 178
Neonatal mortality *** 27 29
Infant Mortality rate (IMR) *** 41 42
Under five mortality *** 43 52
*NFHS-III (2005-06), ** DLHS-III (2007-08), ***SRS (2013)
C. ICDS in Andhra Pradesh
ICDS was started in AP in 1975 in the two projects of Utnoor (Adilabad District) and
Kambadur, (Ananthapur District). The State has since then witnessed tremendous
increase in the coverage year after year in terms of growing numbers of ICDS Projects
as well as the Anganwadi Centers (AWCs). The coverage has increased within the
existing Projects as well as in the newer areas. All the villages/ habitations as per
population norms of GOI are covered with AWCs in the State.
The table below shows the growth in the number of Projects and AWCs over a period
of time starting from 1975-76.
Progressive growth of ICDS projects and AWCs in A.P.
Sl. Year Total (Cumulative)
No.
Projects AWCs
1 1975-76 2 150
2 1980-81 17 1,375
3 1985-86 89 17,481
4 1990-91 141 23,843
5 1995-96 209 33,507
6 2000-01 251 40,761
7 2005-06 376 73,899
8 2010-11 387 91,307
9 2012-13 406 91,307
At present there are 406 ICDS Projects and 91307 AWCs in the State. Details of the
various Govt. orders sanctioning the projects, various posts and the AWCs are at
Annexure-1.
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