Ibn Saud: The Desert Warrior Who Created the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia PDF
Preview Ibn Saud: The Desert Warrior Who Created the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
IBN SAUD The Desert Warrior Who Created the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia IBN SAUD The Desert Warrior Who Created the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia MICHAEL DARLOW and BARBARA BRAY SKYHORSE PUBLISHING A Herman Graf Book Copyright © 2010, 2012 by Michael Darlow and Barbara Bray First published in the UK by Quartet Ltd. All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without the express written consent of the publisher, except in the case of brief excerpts in critical reviews or articles. All inquiries should be addressed to Skyhorse Publishing, 307 West 36th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018. Skyhorse Publishing books may be purchased in bulk at special discounts for sales promotion, corporate gifts, fund-raising, or educational purposes. Special editions can also be created to specifications. For details, contact the Special Sales Department, Skyhorse Publishing, 307 West 36th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018 or [email protected]. ® ® Skyhorse and Skyhorse Publishing are registered trademarks of Skyhorse ® Publishing, Inc. , a Delaware corporation. Visit our website at www.skyhorsepublishing.com 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available on file. ISBN 978-1-61608-579-7 Printed in the United States of America Contents AUTHORS’ NOTE PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS AND SOURCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS GLOSSARY CAST LIST 1 Cast Out January 1891 2 Fugitives in the Land of Their Fathers From times immemorial to 1891 3 Making of the Man 1891–January 15th 1902 4 Shaikh Amid the Imperialists 1902–1910 5 Shakespear, the Ikhwan and the Coming War 1910–1914 6 Death of an Englishman 1914 –January 1915 7 War and Revolt 1915–1918 8 Unleashing the Ikhwan 1919–1923 9 ‘Calif Out’ 1924–1926 10 Rebellion 1926–1929 11 Hard Times and the Coming of the Oil Men 1929–1934 12 New Ways, New Wars 1934–1939 13 War and Meetings of Great Men 1939–1945 14 Riches and the Dying of the Light 1945–1953 15 Legacy 1953 to the present Saud to Fahd 9/11, King Abdullah and the Future BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX Authors’ Note Details of many of the key events in the life of Ibn Saud are still disputed. In most instances where a dispute exists we have added an explanatory footnote rather than explaining in the main body of the text. Spelling, etc To make life easier for the reader we have tried to be consistent about the spellings and transliterations of Arab names, place names, words and expressions. However, a difficulty remains in that there is no universally agreed system of rendering Arabic names and words into English and writers in English about Arabia seem to adopt different approaches. On top of this, commonly accepted spellings and transliterations of common Arabic words and names seem to vary at different times. For instance, the spelling of Ibn Saud varies depending on who is writing his name and when. Similarly, common spellings for the name of Ibn Saud’s father, Abd al-Rahman, include Abdur Rahman and Abdul Rahman. We have adopted Abd al-Rahman because we are assured by native Arabic speakers that it approximates most closely to his name as spoken in Arabic and is the spelling most acceptable among Arabs. A further complication arises from the use by Arabic speakers of familial and patronymic variations of names. We have therefore tried to adopt a single spelling and form of name for each person whenever they appear. However, there is a particular problem over the name of Ibn Saud himself. Ibn Saud only came to be widely referred to by that name after he had become the ruler of Najd. Prior to that various of his forebears had been commonly referred to by the family name Ibn, bin or al Saud. Before becoming ruler of Najd Ibn Saud was known as Abd al-Aziz, with or without the addition of his family name. Most of his Arab contemporaries continued to refer to him as Abd al-Aziz throughout his life. However, in the West once he had become the ruler of Najd he came to be widely and best known as Ibn Saud or bin Saud. So to avoid confusion we refer to him by the name Abd al-Aziz until the time when he became ruler of Najd and thereafter by the name Ibn Saud, the name by which he is now best known, especially in the West. We have clearly indicated in the text the point at which this change in the way he is referred to occurs. An additional complication arises from the fact that a lot of different people bore the same name – for instance Faisal, Faysal or Feisal. In order to make it easier for the reader to distinguish between them we have wherever possible used accepted different spellings for each character – so the Saudi Faisal is spelt with an ‘a’ whereas the Hashemite Feisal is spelt with an ‘e’, and so on. For ease of reading we have also included a ‘Cast List’, giving the names of all the principal characters (with spellings as they appear in the text), together with a brief description of who each one is. We have also provided a brief Glossary of the common Arabic and Muslim words that appear in the text. Maps Two detailed maps are included as end papers. One is political, and covers Arabia and the region immediately surrounding it, and also shows the location of the principal towns and cities in the story and of major international frontiers as they were towards the end of Ibn Saud’s life. The other map shows the main physical features of the Arabian Peninsula together with the grazing areas of the main tribes that feature in the story. There are also smaller sketch maps at the beginning of each chapter showing the places or features relevant to that chapter. Photographic Credits and Sources The authors and publishers have made all reasonable efforts to contact the photographers and/or owners of all the pictures reproduced in this book, but in the event of any omissions or errors wish to apologise to the photographers, owners or copyright holders concerned. We are especially grateful to the following for permission to reproduce the photographs listed below: THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY for the following photographs by Captain Shakespear: Figs. 2, 5, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21 and 27, for the following photographs by Gerald de Gaury: Figs. 4, 13, 14, 28, 45, and for the following by unidentified photographers: Figs. 18, 38 and 42. ST ANTONY’S COLLEGE, OXFORD, MIDDLE EAST CENTRE for the following photographs by Gertrude Bell: Figs. 24, 25, and 26, for the following photographs by H. St. J. Philby: Figs. 29, 30, 31, 32 and 35, and for Figs: 3, 8 and 22 by Sir George Rendel. THE PITT-RIVERS MUSEUM, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD for permission to reproduce Wilfred Thesiger’s ‘Interior of The Empty Quarter’ (PRM 2004.130.12987.1) on the front cover and for Fig. 48 (PRM 2004.130.17416.1). GETTY IMAGES for the following photographs: Figs. 33 and 50. We wish to thank the DICKSON FAMILY for permission to use the following photographs by the late Harold and Dame Violet Dickson: Figs. 1, 9, 39 and 41. We wish to thank the following photographers and artists for permission to reproduce their work: NOWFAL MOHAMMAD for Fig. 7, LARS BJURSTÖM and the members of the Saudi Caves project for permission to use Figs. 10 and 11, PETER MIDDLETON for Fig. 51, KATE BROOKS for Fig. 53, BROAD ARROW for Fig. 55 (GNU Free Documentation License) and MANAL ALDOWAYAN for permission to reproduce her works ‘I am a Petroleum Engineer’ and ‘The Choice’, Fig. 54. A number of photographs reproduced in the book are either out of copyright, in the public domain or we have been unable to trace a copyright owner or person empowered to issue a reproduction licence. We list those photographs below and the sources from which we have reproduced them. We acknowledge our indebtedness to them all. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS in the United States for Fig. 43 and the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Fig. 46, ARAMCO (Geo Publishing Ltd) Fig. 44, RANDOM HOUSE Figs. 23 and 34, Constable & Co Ltd Figs. 36 and 40, ITHACA PRESS Fig. 37, CAMBRIDGE FORECAST (wordpress.com) Fig. 47, GLOBALSECURITY.ORG Fig. 49, SOLO SYNDICATION (The Daily Mail) Fig. 52, and FLICKR.COM (Creative Commons License) Fig. 6. If the work of any photographer or copyright owner is featured in this book for which clearance has not been obtained the authors and publishers would be happy to pay the appropriate licence fee on establishment of such ownership.
The list of books you might like
