I Nr. 380 I Bulletin 70 Geological Survey of Norway 1858-1983 125-year Anniversary Volume i ...

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I
Nr. 380
I Bulletin 70
Geological Survey of Norway
1858-1983
125-year AnniversaryVolume
i
Universitetsforlaget 1983 I
Trondheim - Oslo - Bergen - Tromsø |
T
I
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NGU
Norges geologiske
undersøkelse
Geological Survey ofNorway
Norges geologiske undersøkelse (Geological Survey of Norway), Leiv Eirikssons vei 39,
Trondheim. Telephone: national (07) 91 58 60, international + 47 7 91 58 60. Postal
address: Box 3006, N-7001 Trondheim, Norway.
Director: Dr. philos. Knut S. Heier
Division ofbedrock geology: div.director Dr. philos. Peter Padget
Division ofsuperficial deposits: div.director Bjørn A. Follestad
Division ofgeophysics: div.director Inge Aalstad
Division ofgeochemistry: div.director Bjørn Bølviken
The publications of Norges geologiske undersøkelse are issued as consecutively numbered
volumes, and are subdivided into two series, Bulletin and Skrifter.
Bulletins comprise scientific contributions to the earth sciences of regional Norwegian,
general, or specialist interest.
Skriftercomprise papers and reports ofspecialist or public interest ofregional, technical,
economic,environmental,andotheraspectsofappliedearthsciences,issuedinNorwegian,
and with an Abstract in English.
EDITOR
Førstestatsgeolog Dr. David Roberts, Norges geologiske undersøkelse, P.0.80x 3006.
N-7001 Trondheim, Norway.
PUBLISHER
Universitetsforlaget, P.0.80x 2959, Tøyen, Oslo 6, Norway.
DISTRIBUTION OFFICES
Norway: Universitetsforlaget, P.0.80x 2977, Tøyen, Oslo 6, United Kingdom: Global
Book Resourses Ltd., 109 Great Russell Street, London WC18, 3ND.
United States and Canada: Colombia University Press, 136 South Broadway, Irvington
on Hudson, New York 10533.
I
EARLIER PUBLICATIONS AND MAPS
ThemostrecentlistofNGUpublicationsandmaps, 'Publikasjonerogkart 1879-1980',
appeared in 1981. Copies can be obtained from the Publisher.
The most recent maps available from NGU are listed inside the back cover.
MANUSCRIPTS
Instructions to contributors to the NGU Series can befound in NGU Nr. 273, pp. 1-5.
Offprints ofthese instructions can beobtained from the editor. Contributorsare urgedto
prepare their manuscripts in accordance with these instructions.
i
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NGU
Norges geologiske
undersøkelse
ar
Geological Survey of Norway
1858-1983
125-year Anniversary Volume
A collection of papers on Norwegian
geology to commemorate the 125-year
anniversary of the founding of the
Geological Survey
m 554.8105N0R
Norges geologiskeOtøMfer
68-
Universitetsforlaget 1983
Trondheim - Oslo - Bergen - Tromsø
© Norges geologiske undersøkelse/Universitetsforlaget 1983
NGU Nr. 380,Bulletin 70
ISBN 82-00-31450-2
ISSN 0332-5768
Printed in Norway by Edgar Høgfeldt A.s, Kristiansand S.
Preface
The Geological Survey of Norway 1858-1983
TheofficialdateoffoundationoftheGeologicalSurveyofNorway(NGU)is
February 6th 1858.On that date aRoyalResolutionwaspassedauthorizing
the geological mapping of the country according to a plan submitted by
Theodor Kjerulfin 1856. NGU is therefore one ofthe oldest institutions of
this kind in the world.
Theodor Kjerulfwas the first director ofNGU, a position he held for 30
years, andto date only6 persons haveheld thispost.At the start abudget of
10,000 Spd. was given for a three year period and the staffconsisted ofthe
directorandoneassistant,bothemployedonahalftimebasis.Atthetimeof
the centenary in 1958, 34 persons were employed, half of them geologists.
The annualbudgetwas about 1,000,000kroner.Anewimpetuswasgivento
theSurveyin 1961 whenitwasrelocatedtoTrondheimandmergedwithtwo
otherinstitutionsconcernedwithgeophysicsandgeochemistry.TodayNGU
consists offour branches, bedrock geology, softrock (Quaternary) geology,
geophysicsandgeochemistry,withacommonadministration.220peopleare
employed,abouthalfofwhichhaveauniversitydegree.Thebudgetfor 1983
is 56,000,000 kroner.
NGUis locatedatØstmarknesetinTrondheimwithasmallofficeinOslo.
Although NGU had a rather modest beginning with only two persons in
part-time positions, it nevertheless achieved alot in the first years.This was
becauseKjerulfwasabletoemployanumberoftemporaryassistants,mainly
university students, during the summerfield season.This policy ofcoopera
tionwith theuniversitiescontinuestothis dayandwillhopefullycontinuein
thefuture.IthasbeenofgreatbenefittoNGUandIhopealsototheuniversi
ties concerned. This anniversary volume contains several papers by univer
sity scientists and I wish to thank them for honouring us in this way.
The role of a geological survey in society is constantly changing and its
profile should therefore neverbe static.The concept ofgeology is also chan
ging and today we involve ourselves with all aspects of earth sciences;
bedrock and softrock (Quaternary) geology, ore geology, hydrogeology,
geophysics and geochemistry. Basically, the main function ofa survey is to
producegeologicalmaps.Themapswhichweproduceprovideindustrywith
informationaboutmineralresources,andlocal authoritieswithdetailsabout
groundwaterresourcesandotherfeaturesimportantinregionalplanningand
development: and they provide the earth sciences with information relating
to the composition and structure of the crust, as well as on the processes
which mould the crustal surface. A completely revised edition of the
1:1,000,000 geological map ofNorway is being issued this year. When this
map is compared with the previous edition from 1960, which was arevised
edition ofthe 1953 map, the remarkable improvement in our knowledge of
the bedrock geology is evident.This is equally true for the areas ofPrecam
brian basement asforthemetamorphic allochthonoftheCaledonianmoun
tain belt. This improvement in our knowledge over the past 25 years, since
our centenary, is in no small part due to the work and efforts ofthe staffof
NGU.
NGU does not have the responsibility for the geological mapping ofour
continental shelf. The wisdom ofdelegating the responsibility to adifferent
and newly formed state institution may be disputed but it has allowed us to
concentrate our activities on land. Nevertheless ourfield activity today also
includes the surface geology ofthe coastal and fiord areas, and some ofour
most recent geological maps also portray aspects of the geology of the sea
floor.
In conclusion I wish to thank all employees ofthe Geological Survey for
their diligence and skill and I look forward to seeingthe results ofthe next
25 years.
Trondheim, 6 February 1983
Knut S. Heier
Director
Contents
Sauter,P.C.C,Hermans,G.A.E.M.JansenJ.B.H.,Maijer,C,.Spits,P.&Wegelin,A.:
Polypha.seCaledonianmetamorphisminthePrecambrianbasementofRogaland/Vest-
Agder, SW Norway 7
Bryhni, 1., Bråstad, K. &Jacobsen, V. W.: Subdivision oftheJotun Nappe Complex
between Aurlandsfjorden and Næroyfjorden, South Norway 23
Verschure, R. H., Maijer, C, Andriessen, P. A. M., Boelrijk, N. A. I. M., HebedaE. H.,
Priem,H.N.A.&Verdurmen,E.A.Th.:DatingExplosiveVolcanismPerforatingthe
Precambrian Basement in Southern Norway 3,5
Krill,A.G.:Rb-SrStudyofRapakiviGraniteandAugenGneissoftheRisbergetNappe,
Oppdal, Norway 51
Nystuen, J. P.: Nappe and Thrust Structures in the Sparagmite Region, Southern
Norway
Roberts, D.: Devonian Tectonic Deformation in the Norwegian Caledonides and Its
Regional Perspectives
Solli, A.: Precambrian Stratigraphy in the Masi Area, Southwestem Finnmark,
Norway ny
Forske,T.: A Fluidization Breccia in Granite at Skaget, Svellingen, Frøya 107
Lindahl, I.: Classification ofUranium Mineralization in Norway 125
Bjorlykke,A.:SulphurIsotopeCompositionoftheSandstone-leadDepositsinSouthern
Norway 140
Bjorlykke,K.:SubsidenceandTectonics in LatePrecambrianandPalaeozoicSedimen
tary Basins ofSouthern Norway 159
Vorren,T.().,Edvardsen,M.,Hald,M.&Thomsen,E.:DeglaciationoftheContinental
shelfoffSouthern Troms, North Norway 173
Andersen, B. G., Sejrup, H. P. & Kirkhus, 0.: Eemian Weichselian Deposits at Bø on
Karmøy, SW Norway igo,
Lie,S.E.,Stabell,B.&Mangerud,J.:DiatomStratigraphyRelatedtoLateWeichselian
Sea-level changes in Sunnmøre, Western Norway
Englund,J.-O.: Chemistry and Flow Patterns in some Groundwaters ofSoutheastern
Norway 221
Sellevoll, M.: A Study ofthe Earth's Crust in the Island Area ofLofoten-Vesterålen,
Northem Norway 235

Polyphase Caledonian metamorphism in
the Precambrian basement of Rogaland/
Vest-Agder, Southwest Norway
P. C. C. SAUTER, G. A. E. M. HERMANS,J. B. H.JANSEN,
C. MAIJER, P. SPITS & A. WEGELIN
Sauter,P.C.C,Hermans,G.A.E.M.JansenJ.B.H.,Maijer,C,Spits,P.& Wegelin,
A. 1983: Polyphase Caledonian metamorphism in the Precambrian basement of
Rogaland/Vest-Agder, SW Norway. Norgesgeol. Unders. 380, 7-22.
In theSveconorwegian basement ofRogaland/Vest-Agder,SW Norway,twoinci
pient Caledonian metamorphicoverprints areassumedon thebasisofpetrological
textures and regional extension of the metamorphic mineral distributions. The
inferred M4a is aburial metamorphism mainly in prehnite-pumpellyitefacies and
the M4b a metamorphism mainly in greenschist facies, restricted to the vicinityof
theCaledonides.Inordertoproposeamodel sequenceofretrogrademetamorphic
eventsinthebasementofthewholeofSouthNorway theavailablemineralrecords
of newly formed green biotite, stilpnomelane, prehnite and pumpellyite are inte
grated with relevant age determinations and other geological information.
P. C. C.Sauter, G.A.E.M.Hermans,J.B.H.Jansen, C.Maijer,InstituutvoorAardweten-
schappen.RijksuniversiteitUtrecht,Budapestlaan4,3508TA Utrecht,P.O.80x80.021,
The Netherlands
P. Spits, ShellInternationalePetroleumMaatschappij, E.P.22.3,Posthus 162,DenHaag,
The Netherlands
A. Wegelin, Pan Canadian Petroleum Ltd., P.O. Box 2850, Calgary, Alberta T2P255,
Canada
Introduction
The PrecambrianbasementofRogaland/Vest-Agder, SWNorway,whichis
part of the Sveconorwegian of the Baltic Shield, consists mainly of anor
thositic masses, the lopolith ofBjerkreim-Sokndal and a polymetamorphic
high-gradeenvelope ofcharnockiticandgraniticmigmatites,augen-gneisses
and metasupracrustals (Fig. 1; Hermans et al. 1975, Birkeland 1981). The
metasupracrustals comprise thegarnet-bearingmigmatites(Karsetal. 1980,
Huijsmanset al. 1981) and theFaurefjellformation,which consists mainly of
quartzites, marbles and calc-silicate rocks (Sauter 1981, Sauter 1983).
Asynopsisoftheapparentagesoftherocksinthebasementdemonstrates
Pre-Sveconorwegian ages of about 1500 Ma for the MO stage ofmetamor
phism, Sveconorwegian ages ofabout 1200 Mafor the M 1 stage and about
1050MaforthegranulitefaciesM 2 stageofmetamorphism(Versteeve 1975,
Pasteels & Michot 1975, Wielens et al. 1981). Late-Sveconorwegian ages
8
SAUTER, HERMANS,JANSEN, MAIJER, SPITS & WEGELIN
64
Fig. 7. OutlineoftheregionalgeologyofRogaland,SWNorway;with locationsoftheinvesti
gated samples.
ofabout 950Maarerelated to theM 3 stageofmetamorphism in theamphi
bolite facies, which affected most ofthe intrusive complexes and the enve
lope, and biotite ages in the range of 900-850 Ma represent the time ofa
regional coolingin alate M 3 stage (Dekker 1978,Wielensetal. 1981).After
upliftanderosion,thesub-Cambrianpeneplainwasformedbetween 700and
600 Ma ago and subsequently Palaeozoic and locally even older sediments
weredeposited (Sigmond 1978,Andresen &Faerseth 1982).Themain Cale
donian basal thrust-plane must have been situated approximately along or