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I Hydro power planning PDF

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ETH Library Hydro power planning Multi-horizon modeling and its applications Doctoral Thesis Author(s): Abgottspon, Hubert Publication date: 2015 Permanent link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010548986 Rights / license: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information, please consult the Terms of use. DISS. ETH NO. 22729 Hydro power planning: Multi-horizon modeling and its applications A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by HUBERT ABGOTTSPON MSc ETH EEIT, ETH Zurich born on 12.12.1984 citizen of Staldenried (VS), Switzerland accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. G¨oran Andersson, examiner Prof. Dr. Olav B. Fosso, co-examiner Dr. Gaudenz Koeppel, co-examiner 2015 ETH Zurich EEH - Power Systems Laboratory Physikstrasse 3 8092 Zurich, Switzerland ISBN: 978-3-906327-06-8 (cid:13)c Hubert Abgottspon, 2015 [email protected] For a copy visit: http://www.eeh.ee.ethz.ch Printed in Switzerland by Druckzentrum ETH, Zurich, 2015 Preface This thesis was written during my time as a researcher and assistant atthePowerSystemsLaboratoryoftheETHZurichbetween2010and 2015. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. G¨oran Andersson for providing the op- portunity to be a member of the lab and complete my doctoral studies under his guidance. The freedom provided in choice of research topics, along with the support of personal needs, were greatly appreciated. A special thank you goes also to Prof. Dr. Olav B. Fosso and Dr. Gau- denzKoeppelforbeingtheco-examinersofmythesisandforevaluating it both from the academic and practical point of view. I was very fortunate that I was able to collaborate with the Swiss In- dustry, EGL AG and BKW Energie AG, and would like to thank them for their support and many hours of discussion. Further,Iwouldliketothankmycolleagues,whoestablishedaninspir- ing atmosphere in the lab and broaden my view on many things. Finally, I would like to thank my family and Silvia for all the support during all the years. A very big thank you to all of you! Hubert Abgottspon Staldenried, August 2015 iii Abstract Hydro power planning problems are well known in academia. However, due to modeling and computational difficulties, not many suggested concepts are applied in practice. Additionally, the recent deregulation of electricity markets initiated different markets, which increased the need for better decision support tools for hydro operators. Therefore,asamaincontributionofthisthesis,anovelmodelingframe- work is proposed, the multi-horizon modeling approach. This approach allows a very detailed and transparent modeling of many problems in hydro power planning by simultaneously being computationally very efficient. The models are applied in the thesis to pumped storage hy- dro power plants in a liberalized market environment in order to give decision support for the self-scheduling of them. In the thesis, first, the manyfold challenges in hydro power planning are discussed. Then, state-of-the-art modeling and solution methods to such problems are evaluated, focussing on problems with non-concave valuefunctionsandriskaverseoptimizations. Afterwards,multi-horizon models are analyzed, evaluated, and applied for different medium-term hydro power planning problems: • consideration of ancillary services, • risk-averse optimizations, • long-term evaluations, and • price-maker bidding in forward and electricity markets. It is shown how such models outperform traditional methodologies in different ways. v vi Abstract Further, an extension of a solution method, dualized stochastic dual dynamic programming, with locally valid cutting planes is proposed. This approach allows to solve problems with non-concave value func- tions more appropriately. Furthermore, a measure of the severity of non-concavity is introduced in this context, which can lead to reduced computational requirements. Inaddition, thebiddingintoancillaryservicesmarketsisdiscussedand it is presented how delta-hedging can be used to mitigate bidding risk. Finally, short-term planning for hydro power plants is analyzed and decision support tools for the bidding in electricity markets and for strategic bidding in ancillary services markets are given. With the modeling, solution algorithm, and decision tools presented in this thesis, the planning problems in hydro power can be formulated in a more transparent and meaningful way. Further, the problems can be solved by less computational requirements. Therefore, using such tools, hydro power producers are able to operate their power plants in a more profitable and robust way taking into account multiple markets simultaneously. Kurzfassung Die Einsatzplanung von Wasserkraftwerken ist ein altes und bekann- tes Problem in der Forschung. Viele der dort entwickelten Konzepte werden jedoch nicht oder nur teilweise in der Praxis verwendet, auf- grund schwieriger Modelle und hohem Rechenaufwand bei der Benut- zung dieser. Zus¨atzlich sind die Anforderungen an Entscheidungshilfen fu¨r Wasserkraftsbetreiber gestiegen wegen dem Aufkommen verschied- ner M¨arkte durch die O¨ffnung des Elektrizit¨atsmarktes. Aus diesen Gru¨nden wird in dieser Arbeit eine neue Modellierungsme- thode vorgeschlagen, das multi-horizon Modellierungskonzept. Es er- laubt ein sehr detailliertes aber transparentes Modellieren von vielen Planungsproblemen im Wasserkraftsbereich, bei gleichzeitig effizienter NutzungvonRechenkapazit¨aten.IndieserArbeitwirddasKonzeptan- gewendetaufSpeicherwasserkraftwerkeimliberalisiertenEnergiemarkt, um Entscheidungshilfen in der Einsatzplanung zu geben. In dieser Doktorarbeit werden zuerst die zahlreichen Probleme bei der Einsatzplanung von Wasserkraftwerken diskutiert. Die state-of-the-art Modellierungs- und L¨osungsmethoden fu¨r solche Probleme werden eva- luiert mit speziellem Fokus auf nicht-konkave Nutzenfunktionen und risiko-aversen Optimierungen. Danach werden multi-horizon Model- le analysiert, evaluiert und fu¨r verschiedene mittelfristige Einsatzpla- nungsprobleme angewandt: • Beru¨cksichtigung von Systemdienstleistungsm¨arkten im mittel- fristigen Einsatz • Risiko-averse Optimierungen • Langfristige Bewertungen • Bidding in Forward- und Elektrizit¨atsm¨arkten vii viii Kurzfassung Es wird gezeigt, wie solche Modelle den u¨blichem Methoden u¨berlegen sind. Des weiteren wird eine Erweiterung einer L¨osungsmethode, von duali- zedstochasticdualdynamicprogramming,mitlocally valid cutting pla- nes vorgeschlagen. Diese Erweiterung erlaubt ein zielfu¨hrenderes L¨osen vonProblemenmitnicht-konkavenNutzenfunktionen.IndiesemZusam- menhang wird auch ein Mass fu¨r die St¨arke der Nicht-Konkavit¨at ein- gefu¨hrt, welche fu¨r eine Reduktion des Rechenaufwandes benutzt wer- den kann. IndieserArbeitwirdauchdasoptimaleAnbietenvonSystemdienstleis- tungen diskutiert. Es wird pr¨asentiert, wie man das Delta-hedging be- nutzen kann, um die Risiken aufgrund von Unsicherheiten beim Bieten zu reduzieren. Schlussendlich wird die kurzfristige Einsatzplanung von Wasserkraftwerken analysiert und Entscheidungshilfen werden vorge- schlagen fu¨r das Bieten in Energie- und Systemdiensteistungsm¨arkten. DieindieserArbeitpr¨asentiertenModellierungsmethoden,L¨osungsver- fahrenundEntscheidungshilfenerlaubeneinetransparenteBearbeitung der Planungsprobleme von Wasserkraftwerken, und dies bei tendenziell geringerem Rechenaufwand. Betreiber von Wasserkraftwerken k¨onnen somit bei Verwendung dieser Konzepte ihre Kraftwerke profitabler und robuster in den verschiedenen M¨arkten positionieren. Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Kurzfassung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii List of Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii List of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1 Introduction 1 I Hydro power planning: challenges and meth- ods 5 2 Modeling challenges in hydro power planning 7 2.1 Challenges in hydro power self-scheduling . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Evaluation of optimization models and methods . . . . . 13 2.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3 Stochastic programming 15 3.1 Historical developments and bibliography . . . . . . . . 15 3.2 Multistage stochastic programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.3 Dynamic programming (DP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.4 Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) . . . . . . . . . 24 3.5 Stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) . . . . . 30 3.6 Alternative methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 ix

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This thesis was written during my time as a researcher and assistant at the Power Systems Laboratory of the ETH Zurich between 2010 and. 2015. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Göran Andersson for providing the op- portunity to be a member of the lab and complete my doctoral studies under his
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