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‘I HAVE WRITTEN TO THE KING, MY LORD’ Hebrew Bible Monographs, 1 Series Editors David J.A. Clines J. Cheryl Exum Keith W. Whitelam ‘I HAVE WRITTEN TO THE KING, MY LORD’ Secular Analogies for the Psalms Roger Tomes SHEFFIELD PHOENIX PRESS 2005 Copyright © 2005 Sheffield Phoenix Press Published by Sheffield Phoenix Press Department of Biblical Studies, University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN www.sheffieldphoenix.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without the publishers’ permission in writing. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset by Forthcoming Publications Printed on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 1-905048-092 CONTENTS Abbreviations vii Preface xi Acknowledgments xii Chapter 1 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PSALMS 1 Chapter 2 OLD TESTAMENT PRAYERS AND ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN LETTERS 10 Chapter 3 PROTESTATIONS OF LOYALTY AND CONFESSION OF FAULTS 31 Chapter 4 DESCRIPTION OF PLIGHT 44 Chapter 5 APPEAL TO KING’S OR GOD’S OWN INTERESTS 52 Chapter 6 QUOTATION OF ENEMY’S REPROACHES 56 Chapter 7 DIRECT REPROACHES 59 Chapter 8 EXPRESSIONS OF DEPENDENCE 64 Chapter 9 IMPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS 96 Appendix THE AMARNA LETTERS AND CANAANITE HYMNS 108 Bibliography 116 Index of References 126 Index of Modern Authors 137 Index of Subjects 140 Index of Names 143 1 ABBREVIATIONS ABL R.F. Harper, Assyrian and Babylonian Letters (14 vols.; London: British Museum; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1892– 1914) AEM Archives Épistolaires de Mari (Archives royales de Mari, XXVI; Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1988) AfO Archiv für Orientforschung AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures AnBib Analecta biblica ANET James B. Pritchard (ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950) AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOTS D. Winton Thomas, Archaeology and Old Testament Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967) ARAB D.D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia (2 vols.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1926–27) ARE J.H. Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt (5 vols.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1906–1907) ARM Archives royales de Mari ARW Archiv für Religionswissenschaft BA Biblical Archaeologist BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Before the Muses B.R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature (2 vols.; Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 2nd edn, 1996) BM Egyptian Holdings in the British Museum BZAW Beihefte zur ZAW CAD Ignace I. Gelb et al. (eds.), The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1964–) CAH Cambridge Ancient History CH Code of Hammurabi CoS W.W. Hallo and K.R. Younger (eds.), The Context of Scripture. I. Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996); II. Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World (1997); III. Archival Documents from the Biblical World (2000). CT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets, etc., in the British Museum, 1896– 1 viii ‘I have written to the king, my lord’ CTH E. Laroche, Catalogue des textes hittites (Études et commentaires 75; Paris: Éditions Klincksieck, 1971) DEPM J.-M. Durand, Les documents épistolaires du palais de Mari (Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient, 16-18; Paris: Cerf; I, 1997; II, 1998; III, 2000) DOTT D. Winton Thomas (ed.), Documents from Old Testament Times (London: Thomas Nelson, 1958) EA Amarna tablets ET English translation FOTL The Forms of the Old Testament Literature FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament HDT Gary Beckman, Hittite Diplomatic Texts (SBL Writings from the Ancient World, 7; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 2nd edn, 1999) HKAT Handkommentar zum Alten Testament HPD M.-J. Seux (ed.), Hymnes et prières aux dieux de Babylonie et d’Assyrie (Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient, 8; Paris: Cerf, 1976) HTR Harvard Theological Review HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual Int Interpretation JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series KBo Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi, I–VI (Wissenschaftliche Veröffenlichungen des deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 30 [1916]; 36 [1921]) LAS S. Parpola, Letters from Assyrian Scholars to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal (AOAT, 5; Neukirchen–Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, I [Texts], 1970; II [Commentary and Appendices], 1983) ND Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OECT Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts OLZ Orientalistische Literaturzeitung OTL Old Testament Library Prosopography Karen Radner et al. (eds.), The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire I.1: A; I.2: B-G; II.2: L-N; III.1: P-S (Helsinki: Neo- Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 1998–) PRU Le palais royal d’Ugarit RB Revue biblique 1 Abbreviations ix RS Ras Shamra texts SAA State Archives of Assyria SAHG A. Falkenstein and W. von Soden, Sumerische und akkadische Hymnen und Gebete (Die Bibliothek der alten Welt; Zürich: Artemis-Verlag, 1953) SBL Society of Biblical Literature SBLDS SBL Dissertation Series SJT Scottish Journal of Theology TBü Theologische Bücherei THAT Ernst Jenni and Claus Westermann (eds.), Theologisches Handwörterbuch zum Alten Testament (2 vols.; Munich: Chr. Kaiser Verlag, 1971–76) TynBul Tyndale Bulletin VAB Vorderasiatische Bibliothek VT Vetus Testamentum WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZDMG Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft ZThK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 1

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The psalms in the Hebrew Bible have often been compared with the religious texts of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Canaan. Roger Tomes shows, in this incisive monograph, how the letters of the ancient Near East, from Mari, Amarna, Ugarit, Nimrud and Nineveh, are an equally rewarding analogue. In them we fin
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161 Pages·2006·0.96 MB·English
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‘I HAVE WRITTEN TO THE KING, MY LORD’ Hebrew Bible Monographs, 1 Series Editors David J.A. Clines J. Cheryl Exum Keith W. Whitelam ‘I HAVE WRITTEN TO THE KING, MY LORD’ Secular Analogies for the Psalms Roger Tomes SHEFFIELD PHOENIX PRESS 2005 Copyright © 2005 Sheffield Phoenix Press Published by Sheffield Phoenix Press Department of Biblical Studies, University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN www.sheffieldphoenix.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without the publishers’ permission in writing. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset by Forthcoming Publications Printed on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 1-905048-092 CONTENTS Abbreviations vii Preface xi Acknowledgments xii Chapter 1 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PSALMS 1 Chapter 2 OLD TESTAMENT PRAYERS AND ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN LETTERS 10 Chapter 3 PROTESTATIONS OF LOYALTY AND CONFESSION OF FAULTS 31 Chapter 4 DESCRIPTION OF PLIGHT 44 Chapter 5 APPEAL TO KING’S OR GOD’S OWN INTERESTS 52 Chapter 6 QUOTATION OF ENEMY’S REPROACHES 56 Chapter 7 DIRECT REPROACHES 59 Chapter 8 EXPRESSIONS OF DEPENDENCE 64 Chapter 9 IMPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS 96 Appendix THE AMARNA LETTERS AND CANAANITE HYMNS 108 Bibliography 116 Index of References 126 Index of Modern Authors 137 Index of Subjects 140 Index of Names 143 1 ABBREVIATIONS ABL R.F. Harper, Assyrian and Babylonian Letters (14 vols.; London: British Museum; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1892– 1914) AEM Archives Épistolaires de Mari (Archives royales de Mari, XXVI; Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1988) AfO Archiv für Orientforschung AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures AnBib Analecta biblica ANET James B. Pritchard (ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950) AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOTS D. Winton Thomas, Archaeology and Old Testament Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967) ARAB D.D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia (2 vols.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1926–27) ARE J.H. Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt (5 vols.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1906–1907) ARM Archives royales de Mari ARW Archiv für Religionswissenschaft BA Biblical Archaeologist BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Before the Muses B.R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature (2 vols.; Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 2nd edn, 1996) BM Egyptian Holdings in the British Museum BZAW Beihefte zur ZAW CAD Ignace I. Gelb et al. (eds.), The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1964–) CAH Cambridge Ancient History CH Code of Hammurabi CoS W.W. Hallo and K.R. Younger (eds.), The Context of Scripture. I. Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996); II. Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World (1997); III. Archival Documents from the Biblical World (2000). CT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets, etc., in the British Museum, 1896– 1 viii ‘I have written to the king, my lord’ CTH E. Laroche, Catalogue des textes hittites (Études et commentaires 75; Paris: Éditions Klincksieck, 1971) DEPM J.-M. Durand, Les documents épistolaires du palais de Mari (Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient, 16-18; Paris: Cerf; I, 1997; II, 1998; III, 2000) DOTT D. Winton Thomas (ed.), Documents from Old Testament Times (London: Thomas Nelson, 1958) EA Amarna tablets ET English translation FOTL The Forms of the Old Testament Literature FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament HDT Gary Beckman, Hittite Diplomatic Texts (SBL Writings from the Ancient World, 7; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 2nd edn, 1999) HKAT Handkommentar zum Alten Testament HPD M.-J. Seux (ed.), Hymnes et prières aux dieux de Babylonie et d’Assyrie (Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient, 8; Paris: Cerf, 1976) HTR Harvard Theological Review HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual Int Interpretation JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series KBo Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi, I–VI (Wissenschaftliche Veröffenlichungen des deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 30 [1916]; 36 [1921]) LAS S. Parpola, Letters from Assyrian Scholars to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal (AOAT, 5; Neukirchen–Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, I [Texts], 1970; II [Commentary and Appendices], 1983) ND Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OECT Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts OLZ Orientalistische Literaturzeitung OTL Old Testament Library Prosopography Karen Radner et al. (eds.), The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire I.1: A; I.2: B-G; II.2: L-N; III.1: P-S (Helsinki: Neo- Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 1998–) PRU Le palais royal d’Ugarit RB Revue biblique 1 Abbreviations ix RS Ras Shamra texts SAA State Archives of Assyria SAHG A. Falkenstein and W. von Soden, Sumerische und akkadische Hymnen und Gebete (Die Bibliothek der alten Welt; Zürich: Artemis-Verlag, 1953) SBL Society of Biblical Literature SBLDS SBL Dissertation Series SJT Scottish Journal of Theology TBü Theologische Bücherei THAT Ernst Jenni and Claus Westermann (eds.), Theologisches Handwörterbuch zum Alten Testament (2 vols.; Munich: Chr. Kaiser Verlag, 1971–76) TynBul Tyndale Bulletin VAB Vorderasiatische Bibliothek VT Vetus Testamentum WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZDMG Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft ZThK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 1

Description:
The psalms in the Hebrew Bible have often been compared with the religious texts of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Canaan. Roger Tomes shows, in this incisive monograph, how the letters of the ancient Near East, from Mari, Amarna, Ugarit, Nimrud and Nineveh, are an equally rewarding analogue. In them we fin
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