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Contr.Univ.Mich.Herb.18:87-90.1992. HYPNUMPLICATULUMINEASTERNNORTHAMERICA W.B.Schofield DepartmentofBotany UniversityofBritishColumbia Vancouver,B.C.,CanadaV6T2B1 Hypnumplicatulum(Lindb.)Jaeg. wasreportedfirstfromNorthAmericaby Lindberg (1903) under the name Stereodon plicatulus Lindb. The specimen on whichthisrecordisbasedcamefromLaiceLindemaninnorthernBritishColumbia where itwascollectedbyR.S. Williams. Lindbergprovidedfiguresthatpointout itsdistinctionsfromH. callichroiimBrid. CrumandAnderson(1981)noted,amongtheexcludedspeciesofHypnaceae, thenameH. moUuscoidesKindb.,aspeciesdescribedfromNewfoundland,butin which the type specimen, characteristic of many of Kindberg's new species de- scribedfrom Canada, isdifficulttolocatewithconfidence. Dr. H. Ando {in litt., 1992)hasstatedthathehasseenseveralspecimensfromNewfoundlandandLabra- dorthat bear locality, dates and collectors cited by Kindberg and labelled as H. moUuscoides Kindb. These are housed in diverse European herbaria (BM, PC, etc.)AllareH.plicatulum. ThusAndo's(1972)conclusionthatH. moUuscoidesis synomymouswithH.plicatulumisconfirmed. Grout(1932)firstnotedH.plicatulumfromeasternNorthAmericaunderthe nameH.subplicatile(Lindb.)Limpr. Hisreportwasverytentativeandbasedona specimen from Seal Island, Labrador described as Hypnum implexum Ren. & Card, thathenotedtomatchthespecimensoftheLakeLindemanplantsreported byLindberg. Ando (inlitt., 1992) notedthat he hadexaminedthisspecimenand concludedittobeidenticaltoH.plicatulum.ThereportofTuomikoskietal. (1973) ofH.plicatulumfromNewfoundlandcarriedthesameuncertainty. ItcanbenotedherethatthereisunquestionableH.plicattdumineasternNorth America.ItisbestrepresentedintheGulfofSt.Lawrenceregion,andisespecially frequent on calcareous substrata in the Mingan Islands, Quebec, and relatively frequentinNovaScotia,especiallyonthesouthshoreoftheBayofFundyonNorth Mountain,andintheCapeBretonHighlands. Hypnumplicatulum belongsto the troublesome section Hamulosa B.S.G. as emended by Ando (1973b). Besides H. hamtdosum B.S.G. as the type of the section, it includes H. plicatulum, H. callichroum, H. suhimponens Lesq., H. emodi-fertile Ando, H. aemulans Breidl. in Limpr., and possibly an undescribed speciesfromarcticandsubarcticregions. Although H. plicatulum showssome variabilityingrowthform andcolor, re- latedin largeparttoinsolationandhumidityofitsenvironment,itusuallycanbe distinguishedfromrelatedspecies.Persson(1947)pointedoutthemaindistinguish- ingcharacters. FromH. callichroumandH. hamulosumitcanbedistinguishedby itsnearlyauriculate leavesthatpossessasmall alarclusterofcellsdisplacedwell awayfromtheauriculateareaandclosetothestem. InH. callichroum, wherean auriculateportionispresent,itisformedofawell-differentiatedclusterofthinner- walledandenlargedcells.Ando(inlitt., 1992)notedthatthesporangiumisplicate when dry, afeaturenotsharedbyrelatedspecies. NeitherH. hamulosum norH. 87 8<S CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME18 subimponensexhibitstheauriculateregion,buttheleafmarginscurvegraduallyto theinsertion. Ilypniancmodi-fertile, amongotherfeatures,possessesrathershort acuminate leaves, and the alar cells form a conspicuous group (Ando, iy73a). Hyp/iuni aemulans, accordingtoAndo (1972). showswell-developed hyaline alar cellsandthusresemblesH. caUichroumratherthanH.plicatulum. AlthoughAndo(1972)showsabrokendistributionforH.plicatuluminNorth America, it appearsthat the species ranges across the boreal portion ofCanada. Theunsatisfactorybryologicalexplorationofmuchofthatregionprobablyexplains thegapindistribution(Fig. 1). UypnumfertileSendtn. hasbeensometimesmistakeninNorthAmericaforH. plieululuni. It is possible that 1 have perpetuated this error in my M.A. thesis (Schofield, 1956),whereIfailedtorecognizeH.plicatulumasadistinctspeciesand combineditwithH.caUichroum. Furthermore,IconfusedH.plicatulumspecimens ofeasternNorthAmericawithH.fertile. AsAndo(1973) hasnoted,thestemsof sectionFertiliaarenotstrictlyhyalodermous.althoughtheepidermalcellsaresome- timessomewhatthin-walledontheoutersurfaces.StemleavesinFertiliahavethin- walledhyalinecellsinanexcavategrouptowardtheleafbase.Thislattercharacteris absentinthesectionHamulo.sa. Furthermore,H.fertile, anautoicousspecies,usu- allyhassporophytes,whiletheHamulosafrequentlylackthem.TheNorthAmerican rangeofH.fertile\sunsatisfactorilyunderstood,butitisclearlyconfinedtoeastern NorthAmerica,andtherangeoverlapswithH.plicatuluminNovaScotia,atleast. Sinceacompletedescriptionisdifficulttofind,oneisprovided,basedonNorth Americanspecimens: Plantssoft,formingcreepingmatsorturfsofsuberectinterwovenshoots,with stems 2-5 cm long and bearing regular or irregular branches 0.2-0.5 cm long, yellowish- to golden-green, when best developed, closely and regularly pinnate. Stems green to yellowish or occasionally with a tinge of brown, cortical cells hyalodermous,innercellsincrassate;pseudoparaphylliafoliose,oftenforked,with amtmtenluoantge,uonviasteerilaatnecteioplsaotenttohenalorbreosw.lySttermialngeualvaers,ciunrsveerdtetdowfiatlhcaatne-saeucruincdu.lat1e.0b-a1s.e5 andcurvinggraduallytoalongattenuateapex;marginoftentoothedonauriculate portion,entireortoothedinupperportion,plane;costashortanddoubleorincon- spicuous; cells linearfiexuose, 50(-60)-70(-8{)) ^m long; alarcells5-6, angular, oftencolored,triangulartorectangularorrhomboidal,6-15/xmlong,thick-walled except for the outermost and lowermost one, abruptly different from the stem corticalcellsandrestoftheleafcells,sometimesreducedorabsent.Setaered,2.0- 2.3 cm long, smooth; sporangia 1.5-2.0 mm long, curved, somewhat contracted belowmouthandplicatewhendry;operculumconic,0.5mmlong;exostometeeth yellowtobr—ownish. Habitat Growing up tree bases, on logs, over humus on cliffshelvesor on humus over boulders, forest floor to bog margins, most frequently in somewhat shadDeidstsriitbesu,tieosnp—eciAallyproendosmlionpaesntbleylobworcleiaflfs.species: in eastern North America known from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Labrador. Quebec. Baffin Island, and Ontario. Apparently rare in the Arctic Archipelago, also in western North America: Manitoba, MacKenzic District, N.W.T., Yukon, Alaska, andnorthernBritishColumbia. Representativespecimensexamined:Grkenland.Narssaq,onSarssagsundatGr0nlandsGeolo- giskelJnders0gelsetcamp.Sieerch2-!()4()(CANM).Canada.Manitoba:FortHallLake.ScottcrJ493 1992 SCHOFIELD:HYPNUM 89 FIG.1. CanadianandAlaskandistributionofHypnumplicatulum. (UBC).Newfoundland:Benoit'sRiver,HumbcrArm,Humber,Tuomikoski5371(CANM);Flower's Cove,St.Barbe, Tuomikoski4246(CANM);GrosMorneNationalPark,WesternBrookPond, Vitl 31344(ALTA),NorthwestTerrritories;BaffinIs.,CumberlandSound,vicinityofPangnirtung,Wynne- Edwards28(CANM).NovaScotia:PictouCo.,Brookland,Schofield,Belland&Weber89746(UBC); ^^C CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME18 KingsCo., Cambridge. SchofichI2785 (UBC); LunenburgCo., DeepCove. Ireland17669(LIBC); DigbyCo.,LongIsland,Flower'sCove,Schofu'ld&SchofieUl95539(UBC).Ontario:LakeNipigon. SWcornerofEllisIsland,Canon21930(CANM).Ouebec:CapChat,l-abins4990(CANM);Ungava Bay, Fort Chimo, Lepage 13689 (UBC); (ireat Whale River. Tiwmikoski 4901 (CANM); Lac Ciuillaume-Delisle, Richmond Gulf, Ireland 21427 (CANM); Mingan Archipelago, Grosse He au Marteau,Hedderson7684(UBC),fieduHavre,Schofield.Belland&Hedderson93459(UBC),liede Fanlome. Schofield. BellandA Hedderson 94140(UBC). lie Ste. Genevieve,Schofield, Belland& Hedderson94337(VmC). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Forloanofspecimens,IthankR.R.Ireland(C^ANM)andD.H.Vitt(AI.TA).Dr.R..1.Belland hasofferedcommentsonthe manuscript. Rese;nchhasbeensupportedbytheNaturalSciencesand EngineeringResearchCouncilofCanada.ResearchonHypnumwasbegunin1956underthedirection oftlielateW.C.Steere.IprolitedalsofromcorrespondencewiththelateH.Persson(Stockholm)and especiallywithH.Ando(Hiroshima),whoseknowledgeofthegenusisunsurpassed. LITERAIURECITED Ando,H.1972.DistributionandspeciationinthegenusHypnuminthecircum-Pacificregion .1.Ilaltori Bot.Lab.35:6S-98. 1973a.MiscellaneabryologicaAsiaeonentalisIII.Ilikobia(r.2(13-216. 1973b.StudiesonthegenusHypnumHedw.II.J.Sci.Hnx)shimaUniv..Ser.B.,Div.2(Bot.), 14: 165-207. Crum,H.A.andL.E.Anderson.19S1.Hypnaeeae.Excludetl.//;.MossesofeasternNonhAmerica2: 1206,1208.ColumbiaUniversityPress,NewYork. Grout,A..1. 1932, Hypnumsuhplicalile. In:MossfloraofSoritiAmericanorthofMexico3(3): 12S. Privatelypublishedbythe:iuthor.Newfane,Vermont. I.indberg,Ft. 1903.SiereodonpUcatulusLindb.Bryologist6:82,S3. Persson,H. 1947.FurtherstudiesonAlaskan-Yukonbryophytes.Bryologist50:279-310. Schofield,W.B. 1956.TherehnionshipsandgeographicdistributionofCanadiimandAlaskanspeciesof Hvptmm.M.A.Thesis,StanfordUniversitv. 'Fuomikoski,R..T.Koponenand'F.Ahti. 1973. I'hemossesoftheislandofNewfoundland.Ann.Hot. Fennici111:217-264.