Hypnosis and conscious states the cognitive neuroscience perspective PDF
Preview Hypnosis and conscious states the cognitive neuroscience perspective
Hypnosis and Conscious States Oxford University Press makes no representation,express or implied,that the drug dosages in this book are correct.Readers must therefore always check the product infor- mation and clinical procedures with the most up–to–date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes ofconduct and safety regulations.The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication ofmaterial in this work. Hypnosis and Conscious States: The Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective Edited by Graham A Jamieson Lecturer in Human Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia 1 1 Great Clarendon Street,Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department ofthe University ofOxford. It furthers the University’s objective ofexcellence in research,scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires CapeTown Chennai DaresSalaam Delhi Florence HongKong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Mumbai Nairobi Paris SãoPaulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark ofOxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc.,New York © Oxford University Press,2007 The moral rights ofthe author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2007 All rights reserved.No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing ofOxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law,or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization.Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope ofthe above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press,at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library ofCongress Cataloguing in Publication Data ISBN 13:978-0-19-856979-4 (Hbk) ISBN 13:978-0-19-856980-0 (Pbk) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset in Minion by Cepha Imaging Pvt Ltd,Bangalore,India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Biddles Ltd.,King’s Lynn,Norfolk Preface For over 200 years,the phenomenon ofhypnosis has provided a rich paradigm for those seeking to understand the processes that underlie the construction ofthe conscious self and its associated experiences.Within a few minutes of hypnotic induction,some 10–15 per cent ofhealthy alert individuals are able to demonstrate profound alterations in many aspects oftheir conscious experience.In response to suggestion,they may expe- rience a lack ofcontrol over their own actions,the inability to recall recent events,the absence ofpain and other specific sensations or,conversely,the apparent reality ofillu- sory events.These rapid,non-pathological and reversible changes in conscious awareness and cognitive processes encountered in hypnosis provide an intriguing domain as well as a (largely unexploited) tool ofresearch in the cognitive neurosciences.Clinically these phenomena may provide new models for understanding many disorders ofpsychological self-regulation.Hypnosis is already widely used in conjunction with other therapies in the treatment ofa range ofpsychological and physical disorders. The previous generation of hypnosis researchers focused strongly on the social psychology ofthe hypnotic situation and the cognitive processes ofthe hypnotized per- son.Their achievements remain crucial to any complete understanding ofhypnotic phe- nomena.However,the sad loss ofso many major figures in recent years has resulted in a generational change in ideas and perspectives amongst those engaging with the field.In recent years,I have had the opportunity to meet with many exciting (mostly younger) researchers from the UK,Europe,North America,Japan and Australia,with emerging ideas and challenging findings.A clear theme of these contributions is their close reciprocal links with wider scientific developments in the scientific study ofconscious- ness,for example the use ofimaging technologies to study state-like networks offunc- tional activation in the brain,the analysis ofcomplexity and non-linear synchronization in the large-scale organization of cortical oscillations (EEG and MEG),evolutionary psychology and genetics.The goal ofthis book then is to provide a framework to assist those researchers now entering the field to delineate candidate models and to articulate cohesive research agendas for a cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and of conscious states.Each chapter has been commissioned to make a distinctive contribution to the task ofconstructing a cognitive neuroscience ofhypnosis and has been independently reviewed and revised before final acceptance. Cognitive neuroscience is a distinctly different intellectual project from either cogni- tive psychology or neuroscience.It offers a different approach from that ofrelying solely upon the primacy offunctional cognitive models based largely on behavioural data.It sees the traffic between cognitive and neurophysiological data and models going both ways (and at the same time),providing the possibility for a synthesis,which is definitely not just the sum ofits parts.Rather than one layer swallowing another (the reductionist model) vi PREFACE or one autonomous layer being added alongside another (the functionalist model),the cognitive neuroscience approach is leading to a synthesis in which previously separated domains of enquiry are now able usefully to inform,influence and constrain one another.The chapters in this volume are by no means exclusively focused upon the neu- rophysiological domain.They frequently draw upon (but move beyond) existing behav- ioural,experiential,interpersonal,affective and cognitive paradigms.This reflects the diversity ofapproaches required to build a cognitive neuroscience ofhypnosis and con- scious states.The cognitive neuroscience framework advocated here both draws upon and contributes to the development of each of these ongoing forms of investigation. The phenomena ofhypnosis are fundamentally phenomena ofthe construction and dis- solution ofconscious states.Collectively and individually,these chapters must also be seen as contributions to the wider project ofconstructing a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states. This work is dedicated to the late George Farquhar Jamieson and to Agnes Fraser Jamieson (nee Craig),my father and mother. Graham Jamieson This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements I would like to thank Peter Sheehan my teacher and mentor in the field of hypnosis research for his support and encouragement.He has been a wonderful example of committed intellectual and professional life.I also thank John Gruzelier and the Institute for Frontier Areas ofPsychology and Mental Health (Freiburg),for a life-changing post- doctoral experience and all the old crew at Imperial College London with whom I sailed on the good ship Cognitive Neuroscience.Thanks to Colin MacLeod who enthusiasti- cally supported the book and who came up with its title.My gratitude also goes to those who acted as anonymous reviewers of the manuscripts which appear in this book. Finally,I wish to thank my wife and children for their very real practical support throughout the course ofthis project.
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