Hypertension (Oxford Cardiology Library) 3E PDF
Preview Hypertension (Oxford Cardiology Library) 3E
L OXFORD CARDIOLOGY LIBRARY V" Hypertension Edited by SUNIL K NADAR , GREGORY Y K LIP , O C L OXFORD CARDIOLOGY LIBRARY Hypertension O C L OXFORD CARDIOLOGY LIBRARY Hypertension THIRD EDITION Edited by Sunil K. Nadar Senior Consultant Cardiologist, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman Gregory Y. H. Lip Price-Evans Chair of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator; Consultant Cardiologist (Hon), Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2023 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2009 Second Edition published in 2015 Third Edition published in 2023 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2022941530 ISBN 978–0–19–887067–8 DOI: 10.1093/ med/ 9780198870678.001.0001 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-t o- date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-p regnant adult who is not breast- feeding Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. Acknowledgement to contributors of previous editions The editors would like to thank the authors of the first and second editions whose excellent text and contributions have been continued into this third edition: Mehmood Sadiq Butt Girish Dwivedi Shridar Dwivedi Deepak Goyal Pravin Jha V. J. Karthikeyan Mohammed Khan Ayush Khurana John Kurien Rajesh Nambiar Vasudevan A. Raghavan Kully Sandhu Jaspal Taggar Viji Samuel Thomson Timothy Watson Shamil Yusuf Contents Contributors xi List of symbols and abbreviations xv Part 1 Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis 1 Epidemiology of hypertension 3 Sunil K. Nadar and Stephanie L. Harrison 2 Pathophysiology of hypertension 11 Sheon Mary, Giacomo Rossitto, and Christian Delles 3 Secondary hypertension 21 Gurbhej Singh and Gurpreet Singh Wander 4 Diagnosis and investigation of hypertension 31 Martin Wolley and Michael Stowasser Part 2 Complications of hypertension 5 Hypertension: a cardiovascular risk factor 41 Thomas Salmon, James Hatherley, and Rajiv Sankaranarayan 6 Left ventricular hypertrophy 49 Yuichiro Yano and Sunil K. Nadar 7 Atrial fibrillation and hypertension 59 Mohammed Najeeb Al- Rawahi 8 The brain in hypertension 67 Arunodaya R. Gujjar 9 The kidneys in hypertension 77 Sarah Ahmad and Jordana B. Cohen 10 The eye in hypertension 85 Peck Lin Lip viii • contents Part 3 Management of hypertension 11 Overview of guidelines on management of hypertension 95 Gregory Y. H. Lip and Sunil K. Nadar 12 Hypertension and cardiovascular risk management 107 James P. Sheppard and Sunil K. Nadar 13 Non- pharmacological management of hypertension 115 Benjamin J. R. Buckley and Stephanie J. Finnie 14 Diuretics in hypertension 125 Harsh Goel and Ashish Kumar 15 Beta blockers in hypertension 137 Hatim Al- Lawati 16 Calcium channel blockers in hypertension 147 Stephanie Lip and Sandosh Padmanabhan 17 Blockers of the renin– angiotensin– aldosterone system in hypertension 157 Ify R. Mordi and Chim C. Lang 18 Other antihypertensive agents 167 Shankar Patil, Muzahir Tayebjee, and Sunil K. Nadar 19 Renal denervation 177 Vikas Kapil 20 Improving medication adherence in hypertension 185 Hassan Al-R iyami and Deirdre A. Lane Part 4 Special conditions 21 Hypertension in pregnancy: physiopathological, preventive, therapeutic, and long- term considerations 197 Gloria Valdés 22 Hypertensive emergencies 213 Alena Shantsila contents • ix 23 Treatment of the older adult 223 Asangaedem Akpan 24 Diagnosis and management of resistant hypertension 229 Fang- Fei Wei, Chen Liu, and Jan A. Staessen 25 Hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus 239 Daniel J. Cuthbertson Index 247 Contributors Sarah Ahmad, Nephrology Fellow, Renal- Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Asangaedem Akpan, Consultant Geriatrician, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Visiting Professor, University of Cumbria, Carlisle, UK; Honorary Associate Professor, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Ageing Specialty Research Group Lead, CRN NWC, Liverpool, UK Hatim Al- Lawati, Senior Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman Mohammed Najeeb Al- Rawahi, Consultant Cardiac Electrophysiologist, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Department of Cardiology, National Heart Center, Muscat, Oman Hassan Al- Riyami, Head Nurse Cardiac Catheter Lab and Interventional Radiology, Directorate of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman Benjamin J. R. Buckley, Research Fellow, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK Jordana B. Cohen, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Renal- Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Daniel J. Cuthbertson, Acute Medicine Consultant at University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK, and Reader and Honorary Consultant Physician in the Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine at the University of Liverpool Christian Delles, Professor of Cardiovascular Prevention and Honorary Consultant Physician, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Stephanie J. Finnie, Trust Grade Doctor, Department of Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK xii • contributors Harsh Goel, Consultant Physician, Department of Medicine, St Luke’s University Hospital, Bethlehem, PA, USA; Associate Professor of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Arunodaya R. Gujjar, Professor of Neurology, Department of Medicine (Neurology), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman Stephanie L. Harrison, Lecturer, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK James Hatherley, Department of Medicine, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK Vikas Kapil, Senior Lecturer and Consultant Physician, Clinical Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Barts BP Centre of Excellence, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK Ashish Kumar, Consultant Hospitalist, Department of Medicine, Wellspan York Hospital, York, PA, USA; Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Deirdre A. Lane, Professor of Cardiovascular Health, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Chim C. Lang, Head, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Editor- in- Chief, Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Chairman–Heart Failure Working Group, Managed Clinical Network for CHD, Dundee, UK Gregory Y. H. Lip, Price-Evans Chair of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator; Consultant Cardiologist (Hon), Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK Peck Lin Lip, Consultant Ophthalmologist (Medical Retina Specialist), Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Birmingham, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Hospitals Trust, Birmingham, UK Stephanie Lip, Specialist Registrar in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics and General Internal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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