Hypertension in High Risk African Americans: Current Concepts, Evidence-based Therapeutics and Future Considerations PDF
Preview Hypertension in High Risk African Americans: Current Concepts, Evidence-based Therapeutics and Future Considerations
Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases Series Editor: William B. White Keith C. Ferdinand Editor Hypertension in High Risk African Americans Current Concepts, Evidence-based Therapeutics and Future Considerations Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases Series Editor: William B. White More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/7673 Keith C. Ferdinand Editor Hypertension in High Risk African Americans Current Concepts, Evidence-based Therapeutics and Future Considerations Editor Keith C. Ferdinand, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASH, FNLA Cardiology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans , LA , USA ISBN 978-1-4939-2009-9 ISBN 978-1-4939-2010-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2010-5 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014954130 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 T his work is subject to copyright. 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Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Pref ace H ypertension is the most commonly diagnosed and treated chronic condition in the outpatient setting. High blood pressure is a powerful risk for cardiovascular and renal disease and is disparate in US blacks in prevalence and complications. This text is designed to highlight important epidemiological data, target organ manifesta- tions, and the evidence basis for potentially the most effective means to prevent and control this deadly condition in African Americans. Nevertheless, the optimal approach to developing best practices must entail more than a recitation of recent guidelines. While graded, evidence-based guidelines are necessary to identify optimal treatment of patients, in most circumstances clinicians also remain appreciative of the viewpoints of experts in this fi eld. These opinions add to and supplement guidelines, which are actually never assumed to be a replace- ment for clinical judgment. In the fi nal analysis, patient care must be applied on a one-on-one approach, refl ecting the unique circumstances presented by that patient. As a result, especially considering the often-insuffi cient inclusion of African Americans and other racial/ethnic minorities in many large randomized clinical tri- als, while clinicians must hopefully utilize outcome evidence to guide therapy, the expert opinions contained in this text also may assist in treating their high-risk African American patients. Hence, understanding the concepts in this compendium for effective treatment of hypertension in African Americans is a necessary step to decreasing and eventually eliminating disparities in cardiovascular diseases. I n the fi nal analysis, this dual approach may best curtail the unfortunate and unnecessary premature morbidity and mortality due to hypertension prevalence in blacks and associated cardiorenal metabolic and atherosclerotic cardiovascular dis- ease (CVD) events. New Orleans, LA, USA Keith C. Ferdinand, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASH, FNLA v Contents 1 Overview .................................................................................................. 1 Samar A. Nasser 2 Epidemiology Awareness, Prevalence, and Control: Newest Findings on Hypertension in Blacks ........................................ 21 Daniel T. L ackland and Brent M. Egan 3 Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes to Decrease Unhealthy Eating Patterns and Improve Blood Pressure in African Americans ............. 35 Margaret Scisney-Matlock , Elizabeth Brough , Olubunmi Daramola , Markia Jones , Lenette Jones, and Susan Holmes 4 Community Programs for Hypertension: A Means of Identification and Intervention in the Highest-Risk Population ................................ 59 Joseph E. Ravenell and Gbenga Ogedegbe 5 Stroke and Hypertension in High-Risk African Americans ................ 71 Virginia J. Howard , Megan E. Ruiter Petrov , Tanya Dudenbostel , and Stephen P. Glasser 6 Manifestations of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Coronary Heart Disease: The Contribution of Hypertension and the Paradox in Blacks ...................................................................... 95 Tochi M. Okwuosa and Kim A. Williams 7 Heart Failure Morbidity, Mortality, and Its Relationship to Hypertension ....................................................................................... 111 Elizabeth O. Ofi li , Rigobert Lapu Bula , Adesoji Oderinde, and Adefi sayo Oduwole 8 Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation in African Americans ............... 123 Elsayed Z. Soliman and Ronald J. Prineas vii viii Contents 9 Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes in African Americans: Adding to the Risk of Hypertension ................................. 137 Ankur Jindal , Adam Whaley-Connell , and James R. Sowers 10 Central Aortic Pressure, Arterial Compliance: Emerging Tools to Identify and Guide Therapy for High-Risk African American Patients ............................................. 151 Yonghong Huan , Debbie L. Cohen , and Raymond R. Townsend 11 Renal Denervation Therapy and Baroreceptor Activation Therapy: Emerging Tools for Treating Resistant Hypertension ......................... 163 Peter D. Hart , Priyanka Gosain , and George Bakris 12 Practical Approaches to Promote Adherence and Improve Blood Pressure Control in Black Patients ............................................. 185 Angela L. Brown and David Kountz 13 Integration of a Team Approach to Hypertension Treatment............. 199 Kevin B. Sneed 14 Practical Pearls in the Treatment of Hypertension in Blacks ............. 213 Elijah Saunders and Jude Ediae 15 Hypertension in African Americans ...................................................... 233 John M. Flack , Brian A. Ference , and Phillip Levy 16 New Guideline Recommendations on Hypertension: Preventing CVD and Renal Disease with Applications to Blacks .................................................................... 251 Gabriel Thornton and Jackson T. Wright Jr. Index ................................................................................................................. 271 Contributors George Bakris Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA Elizabeth Brough School of Nursing , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA Angela L. Brown Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA Rigobert Lapu Bula Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Center , Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA Debbie L. Cohen Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA Olubunmi Daramola School of Nursing , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA Tanya Dudenbostel University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA Jude Ediae Department of Medicine , Beebe Health Care , Lewes , DE , USA Brent M. Egan Care Coordination Institute , Greenville Health System , Greenville , SC , USA Keith C. Ferdinand Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , LA , USA Brian A. Ference D ivision of Translational Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA D ivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, W ayne State University, D etroit, MI , USA ix
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