Hypertension: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease

503 Pages·2017·21.498 MB·English

by  George L. Bakris and Matthew Sorrentino (Auth.)

THIRD EDITION
HYPERTENSION
A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease
George L. Bakris, MD, FAHA, FASN, FASH
Professor of Medicine
Director, ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Center
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
University of Chicago Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Matthew J. Sorrentino, MD, FACC, FASH
Professor of Medicine
Section of Cardiology
University of Chicago Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
HYPERTENSION: A COMPANION TO BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE,
THIRD EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-42973-3
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Notices
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ence broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medi-
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Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
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In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety
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With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check
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Previous editions copyrighted 2013 and 2007.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Bakris, George L., 1952- editor. | Sorrentino, Matthew J., editor.
Title: Hypertension : a companion to Braunwald’s heart disease / [edited by]
George L. Bakris, Matthew J. Sorrentino.
Other titles: Hypertension (Black) | Complemented by (expression):
Braunwald’s heart disease. 10th edition.
Description: Third edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2018] |
Complemented by: Braunwald’s heart disease / edited by Douglas L. Mann,
Douglas P. Zipes, Peter Libby, Robert O. Bonow, Eugene Braunwald. 10th
edition. 2015. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016054229 | ISBN 9780323429733 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Hypertension
Classification: LCC RC681 | NLM WG 340 | DDC 616.1/2--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054229
Content Strategist: Dolores Meloni
Senior Content Development Specialist: Marybeth Thiel
Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson
Senior Project Manager: Daniel Fitzgerald
Designer: Renee Duenow
Printed in China.
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Ailia W. Ali, MD Athanase Benetos, MD, PhD
Fellow, Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Head, Geriatric Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy,
Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, France
Pennsylvania, United States
Kenneth E. Bernstein
Radica Z. Alicic, MD, FHM Director of Experimental Pathology, Professor of Biomedical
Associate Director for Research, Providence Health Care, Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
Washington School of Medicine, Spokane, Washington,
United States Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH
Executive Director of Interventional Cardiovascular
Laurence Amar, MD, PhD Programs, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular
Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Center; Senior Physician, Brigham and Women’s Hospital;
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes Senior Investigator, TIMI Study Group, Professor of Medicine,
University, Paris, France Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
United States
Saif Anwaruddin, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Co-Director, Italo Biaggioni, MD
Transcatheter Valve Program, Cardiovascular Medicine, Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, Associate Director,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Clinical Research Center, Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction
Pennsylvania, United States Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,
Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH United States
C. David Molina Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine; Director, Welch Center for Roger S. Blumenthal, MD
Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Kenneth Jay Pollin Professor of Cardiology and Director,
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Ciccarone
Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore,
Phyllis August, MD, MPH Maryland, United States
Ralph A. Baer MD Professor of Research in Medicine,
Nephrology and Hypertension, New York Presbyterian/Weill Guillaume Bobrie, MD
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
Michel Azizi, MD, PhD
Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Robert D. Brook, MD
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes Professor of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
University, Paris, France Medicine; Director, ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Center,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
George L. Bakris, MD, FAHA, FASN, FASH
Professor of Medicine, Director, ASH Comprehensive J. Brian Byrd, MD, MS
Hypertension Center, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
Illinois, United States United States
José R. Banegas, MD Barry L. Carter, PharmD, FCCP, FAHA, FASH, FAPHA
Professor of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Patrick E. Keefe Professor of Pharmacy, Department of
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid⁄IdiPAZ–CIBERESP, Madrid, Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy;
Spain Professor, Department of Family Medicine, College of
Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Robert L. Bard, MA
Research Associate, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Debbie L. Cohen, MD
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States Associate Professor of Medicine, Perelman School of
Medicine—Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division,
Orit Barrett, MD University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
Senior Resident, Department of Medicine D, Soroka United States
University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
v
vi
William C. Cushman, MD Philip B. Gorelick, MD, MPH, FACP, FAAN, FANA,
Chief, Preventive Medicine, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs FAHA
Medical Center; Professor, Preventive Medicine, Medicine, Medical Director, Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences;
s
or and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Professor, Department Translational Science & Molecular
ut Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human
b Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
tri Peter Wilhelmus De Leeuw, MD, PhD
n
o Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Maastricht Elvira O. Gosmanova, MD
C
University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; Nephrology Section Chief, Medical Service, Samuel S Stratton
Department of Medicine, Zuyderland Medical Center, VA Medical Center, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division
Geleen/Heerlen, The Netherlands of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical
College, Albany, New York, United States
Georg B. Ehret, MD
Médecin Adjoint Agrégé et Chargé de Cours, Cardiology, Carlene M. Grim, BSN, MSN, SpDN
Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Founder and President, Shared Care Research and Education
Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Research Associate, Consulting, Inc., Stateline, Nevada, United States
McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, Clarence E. Grim, MS, MD, FACP, FAHA, FASH
United States Owner, High Blood Pressure Consulting, Stateline, Nevada;
Senior Consult, Shared Care Research and Education
William J. Elliott, MD, PhD Consulting, Inc., Stateline, Nevada; Retired (Semi) Professor
Professor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, UCLA, and
Pharmacology, Pacific Northwest University of Health Indiana U.; Board Certified Internal Medicine, Geriatrics,
Sciences, Chair, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Chief, Hypertension Specialist, United States
Division of Pharmacology, Pacific Northwest University of
Health Sciences, Yakima, Washington, United States Rajeev Gupta, MD, PhD
Chairman, Preventive Cardiology & Internal Medicine, Eternal
Michael E. Ernst, PharmD, FCCP Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science,
College of Pharmacy; Professor, Department of Family John E. Hall, PhD
Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Arthur C. Guyton Professor and Chair, Department of
Iowa, United States Physiology and Biophysics; Director, Mississippi Center of
Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center,
Muhammad U. Farooq, MD, FACP, FAHA Jackson, Mississippi, United States
Division of Stroke and Vascular Neurology, Mercy Health
Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Michael E. Hall, MD, MS
United States Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology,
Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical
Anne-Laure Faucon, MD Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes Coral D. Hanevold, MD
University, Paris, France Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington,
Seattle Children’s Hospital, Division of Nephrology, Seattle,
Lauren Fishbein, MD, PhD Washington, United States
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado
School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of David G. Harrison, MD
Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Aurora, Colorado, Betty and Jack Bailey Professor of Medicine, Clinical
United States Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Joseph T. Flynn, MD, MS
Chief, Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital; Qi-Fang Huang, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Research Associate, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,
Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, Shanghai, China
United States
Alun Hughes, BSc, MB, BS, PhD
Toshiro Fujita, MD, PhD Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology,
Chief, Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Pop
Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Health Sciences, University College London, London,
Emeritus Professor, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan United Kingdom
Mary G. George, MD, MSPH, FACS Philip Joseph, MD
Senior Medical Officer and Deputy Associate Director for Assistant Professor of Medicine, McMaster University,
Science, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Investigator, Population Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences & McMaster
United States University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
vii
Kazuomi Kario, MD, PhD Juan Eugenio Ochoa, MD, PhD
Professor & Chairman, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and
Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto
C
of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy o
n
t
r
Kunal N. Karmali, MD, MS Takeyoshi Ota, MD, PhD ib
Clinical Instructor, Department of Medicine, Division of Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery; u
t
Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Co-Director, Center for Aortic Diseases, Section of Cardiac o
r
Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States & Thoracic Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, s
Illinois, United States
Anastasios Kollias, MD, PhD
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Clinical Christian Ott, MD
Fellow, Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Assistant Professor, Department of Nephrology and
Kapodistrian University of Athens, Third Department of Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University
Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Luke J. Laffin, MD Gianfranco Parati, MD
Cardiology Fellow, Department of Medicine, The University Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of
of Chicago, Medicine & Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca; Head,
United States Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic
Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico
Lewis Landsberg, MD Italiano, Milano, Italy
Irving S. Cutter Professor of Medicine, Northwestern
University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, Carl J. Pepine, MD
United States Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida,
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, FACC FAHA United States
Chair and Eileen M. Foell Professor, Preventive Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Vlado Perkovic, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FASN
Senior Associate Dean for Clinical & Translational Research, Executive Director, George Institute, University of Sydney,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Tiina Podymow, BSc, MDCM
Anne-Marie Madjalian, MD Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, McGill
Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, University, Montreal, Canada
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes
University, Paris, France Kazem Rahimi, FRCP, DM, MSc, FESC
Associate Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University
Line Malha, MD of Oxford; Deputy Director, The George Institute for Global
Instructor in Medicine, Nephrology, Hypertension, and Health, James Martin Fellow in Healthcare Innovation, Oxford
Transplantation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Martin School; Honorary Consultant Cardiologist, Oxford
New York, New York, United States University Hospitals NHS Trust, The George Institute for
Global Health, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford,
Giuseppe Mancia, MD Oxford, United Kingdom
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, University of
Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy Luis Miguel Ruilope, MD, PhD
Chief of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Group,
John W. McEvoy, MB BCh BAO, MHS Institute of Research i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre,
Assistant Professor, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Madrid-28009; Professor of Public Health & Preventive
University School of Medicine and Ciccarone Center for Medicine, Public Health, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid,
the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland, Spain
United States
Gema Ruiz-Hurtado, PhD
George A. Mensah, MD, FACC, FCP(SA) Hon Laboratory Head of Hypertension and Cardiovascular
Director, Center for Translation Research and Risk Group, Hypertension Unit, Institute of Research i+12,
Implementation Science, NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Group, Hospital
Blood Institute, Acting Director, Division of Cardiovascular Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Sciences, NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
Bethesda, Maryland, United States Roland E. Schmieder, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Nephrology and
Ross Milner, MD, FACS Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University
Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Director, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Center for Aortic Diseases, Section of Vascular Surgery and
Endovascular Therapy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Shigeru Shibata, MD, PhD
Illinois, United States Associate Professor, Division of Nephrology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, School of Medicine;
Jiangyong Min, MD PhD Project Lecturer, Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research
Division of Stroke and Vascular Neurology, Mercy Health Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University
Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan, of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
United States
viii
Steven M. Smith, PharmD, MPH, BCPS Ji-Guang Wang, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy and Medicine, Departments Director, Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical
of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research and Trials; Professor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension;
s
or Community Health & Family Medicine, Colleges of Pharmacy Director, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension; Director,
ut and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, Department of Hypertension; Professor, Ruijin Hospital;
b United States Professor, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,
tri Shanghai, China
n
o Matthew J. Sorrentino, MD, FACC, FASH
C Professor of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Seamus P. Whelton, MD, MPH
Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States Pollin Cardiology Fellow in Preventive Cardiology, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine and Ciccarone Center
George S. Stergiou, MD, FRCP for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland,
Professor of Medicine and Hypertension, Hypertension United States
Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of
Athens, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, William B. White, MD
Athens, Greece Professor of Medicine and Division Chief, Division of
Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Calhoun Cardiology
Hillel Sternlicht, MD Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine,
Fellow in Hypertension, ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Farmington, Connecticut, United States
Center, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological
Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, United States Bryan Williams, MD
Department of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences,
Patrick J. Strollo, Jr., MD, FACP, FCCP, FAASM University College London, London, United Kingdom
Professor of Medicine and Clinical and Translational
Science; Chairman of Medicine VA Pittsburgh Health System; Talya Wolak, MD
Vice Chair of Medicine for Veterans Affairs, University of Head of Hypertension Services, Soroka University Medical
Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of
United States the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
Sandra J. Taler, MD Hala Yamout, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Saint Louis
Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University, John Cochran Division, Veterans Affairs St. Louis
United States Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
Akiko Tanaka, MD, PhD Clyde W. Yancy, MD, MSc, MACC, FAHA, MACP, FHFSA
Aortic Fellow, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Vice Dean, Diversity & Inclusion, Magerstadt Professor
Surgery, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, of Medicine, Professor of Medical Social Sciences;
United States Chief, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University,
Feinberg School of Medicine; Associate Director, Bluhm
Stephen C. Textor, MD Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital;
Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Deputy Editor, JAMA Cardiology, Chicago, Illinois,
Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
United States
William F. Young, Jr., MD, MSc
Raymond R. Townsend, MD Tyson Family Endocrinology Clinical Professor, Professor of
Professor of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Division
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition,
United States Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Katherine R. Tuttle, MD, FASN, FACP Salim Yusuf, DPhil, FRCPC, FRSC, OC
Executive Director for Research, Providence Health Care, Professor of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Regional Principal Investigator and Clinical Professor Ontario, Canada; Executive Director, Population Health
of Medicine, Institute of Translational Health Sciences, Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences & McMaster
University of Washington School of Medicine, Spokane, University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Washington, United States
Foreword
Hypertension has been recognized as an important cardiovas- Drs. George Bakris and Matthew Sorrentino have accepted
cular disorder since the dawn of the 20th century, when Riva- the baton and have brilliantly edited the third edition. They
Rocci and then Korotkoff described the sphygmomanometric have selected internationally recognized authorities as
method of measuring arterial pressure. Despite intense study authors, who have summarized the important research car-
since then, hypertension currently presents an extraordinary ried out in the last 5 years. This edition also includes rigorous
opportunity and challenge for investigators, teachers, health comparisons among the classes of antihypertensive drugs.
officials, and clinicians in the field. Hypertension has spread The volume also presents revised practice guidelines that
to the developing world and is reaching pandemic propor- synthesize much useful information for clinical practice. This
tions. More inclusive definitions as well as more accurate and comprehensive book will be of great value and interest to cli-
detailed measurements of blood pressure indicate that the nicians, investigators, and trainees in this important subspe-
prevalence and health threat of hypertension worldwide are cialty of cardiology.
even greater than previously thought.
The Companions to Heart Disease: A Textbook of Eugene Braunwald
Cardiovascular Medicine aim to provide cardiologists and Douglas P. Zipes
trainees with important additional information in critically Peter Libby
important segments of cardiology that go beyond what is Robert O. Bonow
contained in the “mother book,” thereby creating an exten- Douglas L. Mann
sive cardiovascular information system. The first two editions Gordon F. Tomaselli
of Hypertension, edited by Drs. Henry R. Black and William J.
Elliott, clearly accomplished this goal.
ix
Preface
There have been many books published dealing with the topic quelling a silent killer, hypertension. There are chapters in
of hypertension across a spectrum of diseases. However, it is the book that address some of these issues, but the only real
rare to find one source that has an encyclopedic and timely solution is a multipronged approach involving governmental
spectrum of topics across the disease spectrum with a focus policy makers, the pharmaceutical industry, payers, and the
on hypertension. This third edition of Hypertension has medical professionals. We hope you will find the book a valu-
expanded the topic variety from previous editions and pres- able resource to address a spectrum of questions surrounding
ents novel topics of emerging areas of hypertension. Examples the disease of hypertension.
include a chapter dealing with hypertension as an immune The book is divided into multiple parts including epide-
disease with a pathophysiology based on immune changes miology, mechanisms of hypertension, pathophysiology of
relating to inflammation rather than hemodynamic changes. disease, pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs, clinical
There is also a focused chapter dealing with sleep disorders, outcome trials, and guideline discussions focusing on process
not just sleep apnea, as a major cause of hypertension. Lastly, rather than what was produced.
there is a novel chapter on environmental pollution and its
contribution to endothelial dysfunction. In addition to these ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
new chapters, all other chapters have been consolidated and
updated with the latest information sourced from basic sci- We would like to thank our families and our wives especially
ence to clinical trials and guidelines so that information is for being supportive through this editing and writing process.
applicable to the clinician. We are especially thankful to all the authors that contributed
Although there are now more than 125 different antihy- time and effort and produced excellent chapters for your
pertensive medications, blood pressure control rates around reading knowledge and pleasure.
the world vary from as low as 15% in some Southeast Asian
George L. Bakris, MD, FASN, FAHA, FASH
countries to over 50% in North America. Clearly, this does
Matthew J. Sorrentino, MD, FACC, FASH
not relate to the price of medication but rather to individual
patients, understanding, attitudes, and behaviors toward
xi
Braunwald’s Heart Disease Family of Books
BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE
COMPANIONS
ISSA, MILLER, AND ZIPES ANTMAN AND SABATINE
Clinical Arrhythmology Cardiovascular
and Electrophysiology Therapeutics
BALLANTYNE MCGUIRE AND MARX
Clinical Lipidology Diabetes in
Cardiovascular Disease
xv
xvi
KORMOS AND MILLER MANN AND FELKER
Mechanical Circulatory Heart Failure
Support
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BLUMENTHAL, FOODY, DE LEMOS AND
AND WONG OMLAND
Preventive Cardiology Chronic Coronary Artery
Disease
CREAGER, BECKMAN,
OTTO AND BONOW
AND LOSCALZO
Valvular Heart Disease
Vascular Medicine