Hydrosols and Rheology

557 Pages·1976·24.283 MB·English

by  Milton Kerker

Academic Press Rapid Manuscript Reproduction
Proceedings of the International Conference
on Colloids and Surfaces—SOth Colloid and Surface Science Symposium,
held in San Juan, Puerto Rico
on June 21-25, 1976
Colloid and Interface
Science
VOL. IV
Hydrosols and Rheology
EDITED BY
MILTON KERKER
Clarkson College of Technology
Potsdam, New York
Academic Press Inc.
New York San Francisco London 1976
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT © 1976. BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
INternational Conference on Colloids and Surfaces,
50th, San Juan, P.R., 1976.
Colloid and interface science.
CONTENTS: v. 2. Aerosols,
emulsions, and surfactants,—v, 3. Adsorption,
catalysis, solid surfaces, wetting, surface tension,
and water.—v. 4. Hydrosols and Theology. [etc.]
1. Colloids—Congresses. 2. Surface chemistry
—Congresses. I. Kerker, Milton, II. Title.
QD549.16 1976 541'.345 7647668
ISBN 0-12-404504-9 (v.4)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
List of Contributors
G.E. Adams, Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical
Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University,
Canberra, ACT. 2600, Australia
John L. Anderson, School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Applied
Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
M.A. Anderson, Water Chemistry Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706
C.P. Bean, Physical Science Branch, Energy Science and Engineering, General
Electric Corporate Research and Development, P.O. Box 8, Schenectady, New
York 12301
P.D. Bhatnagar, National Council of Educational Research, Ministry
of Education, Government of India, Regional College, Ajmer, India
R.L. Blokhra, Chemistry Department, Himachal Pradesh University, The
Manse, Simla-171001, India
L. Blum, Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto
Rico 00931
N. Bonacci, "Ruder Boskovic" Institute, 41001 Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia
E.B. Bradford, Central Research, Physical Research Laboratory, Dow
Chemical USA, Midland, Michigan 48640
D.E. Brooks, Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver 8, Canada
J.C. Brown, Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The
University, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, England
William C. Browning, SCT Associates, 610 Whitewing Lane, Houston, Texas
77024
R.E. Cladis, Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey
07974
Felix Dalang, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EAWAG, Zurich,
Switzerland
R.W. DeBlois, General Electric Corporate Research and Development, P.O. Box
8, Schenectady, New York 12301
xi
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
R. Desrotonie, Laboratory of Colloid Chemistry, "Ruder Boskovic" Institute,
41001 Zagreb, P.O. Box 1016, Croatia, Yugoslavia
Victor K. Dunn, Xerox Corporation, 1341 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas,
Texas 75247
A.R. Eggert, The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin 54911
Birgit Eppler, University of Karlsruhe, Institut für Siedlungswasserwrtschaft,
75 Karlsruhe 1, Postfach 6380, Kaiserstrasse 12, West Germany
Gérard R. Feat, Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester,
Manchester M13 9PL, England
N. Filironie-Vincekoni~, Laboratory of Colloid Chemistry, "Ruder Boskovic"
Institute, 41001 Zagreb, P.O. Box 1016, Croatia, Yugoslavia
Shoji Fukushima, Shiseido Laboratories, 1050 Nippachn, Kohokuku,
Yokohama, Japan
John W. Gardner, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
J. Calvin Giddings, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112
Thomas Gillespie, Division of Engineering and Technology, Saginaw Valley
State College, University Center, Michigan 48710
P.J. Goetz, Pen Kem Company, P.O. Box 364, Croton-on-Hudson, New York
10520
J.W. Goodwin, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS8 1 TS, England
John Gregory, Department of Civil & Municipal Engineering, University College
London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, England
James N. Groves, Diagnostics Projects, Life Sciences Branch, General Electric,
Corporate Research and Development, P.O. Box 8, Schenectady, New York
12301
Hermann H. Hahn, University of Karlsruhe, Institute für Siedlungswasserwirt-
schaft, 75 Karlsruhe 1, Postfach 6380, Kaiserstrasse 12, West Germany
Christer Heinegárd,S wedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Box 5604,
S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
A.H. Herz, Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New
York 14650
A. Homola, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Melbourne,
Parkrille, Victoria 3052, Australia
D.B. Hough, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS,
England
C.P. Huang, College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, 130
Dupont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
XII
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Robert J. Hunter, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales,
Australia
J.N. Israelachvili, Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of
Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT. 2600, Australia
Wanda Y. Jackson, Martin Marietta Laboratories, 1450 South Rolling Road,
Baltimore, Maryland 21227
R.O. James, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Melbourne,
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
M. Kahlweit, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, D-34 Göttingen,
West Germany
A.M. Khidher, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS8 1TS, England
Rudolf Klute, Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Universität Karlsruhe,
West Germany
J.L. Kolbe, Martin Marietta Laboratories, 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore,
Maryland 21227
P.H. Krumrine, Center for Surface and Coatings Research, Lehigh University,
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
Shigenori Kumagai, Shiseido Laboratories, 1050 Nippacho, Kohokuku,
Yokohama, Japan
Janusz Laskowski, Laboratory of Mineral Processing, Department of Inorganic
Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wroclaw Technical University,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
Janusz Lekki, Laboratory of Mineral Processing, Department of Inorganic
Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wroclaw Technical University,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
Samuel Levine, Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester,
Manchester 113 9PL, England
Tom Lindström, Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Box 5604
S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
Kenneth J. Lissant, Petrolite Corporation, Tretolite Division, 369 Marshall
Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63119
James McHardy, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill
University, P.O. Box 6070, Station `A', Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3GI
A.J. McHugh, Emulsion Polymers Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania 18015
D.T. Malotky, Water Chemistry Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706
Richard J. Mannheimer, Southwest Research Institute, 8500 Culebra Road, P.O.
Drawer 28510, San Antonio, Texas 78284
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Fi. Micale, Center for Surface and Coatings Research, Lehigh University,
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
I. Michaeli, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
T.S. Mika, Joseph C. Wilson Center for Technology, Xerox Corporation,
Rochester, New York 14644
Michel Mille, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
53706
W.J. Miller, Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New
York 14650
V. Mohan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
L.E. Morford, Central Research, Physical Research Laboratory, Dow
Chemical USA, Midland, Michigan 48640
Noboru Moriyama, Research Laboratories, Kao Soap Co., Wakayama-shi
640-91, Japan
Marcus N. Myers, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112
Uwe Neis, Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Universität Karlsruhe, West
Germany
H. Opperhauser, Martin Marietta Laboratories, 1450 South Rolling Road,
Baltimore, Maryland 21227
R.H. Ottewill, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS,
England
M.L. Parmar, Chemistry Department, Himachal Pradesh University, The Manse,
Simla- 171001, India
J.G. Penniman, Pen Kern Company, P.O. Box 364, Croton-on-Hudson, New
York 10520
V.A. Phillips, Martin Marietta Laboratories, 1450 South Rolling Road,
Baltimore, Maryland 21227
G.W. Poehlein, Emulsion Polymers Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania 18015
V. Rravdi~, "Ruder Boskovic" Institute, 41001 Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia
Dennis C. Prieve, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, State University
of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
P.N. Pusey, Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The
University, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 ITS, England
C. Christopher Reed, School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Applied
Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Eli Ruckenstein, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, State University
of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
Xiv
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
T. Salman, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill
University, P.O. Box 6070, Station `A', Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3GI
R.S. Schechter, Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
G.V.F. Seaman, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon 97201
Alan R. Sears, Diagnostics Projects, Life Sciences Branch, General Electric,
Corporate Research and Development, P.O. Box 8, Schenectady, New York
12301
V.P. Sharma, Chemistry Department, Himachal Pradesh University, The Manse,
Simla-l71001, India
C. Silebi, Emulsion Polymers Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania 18015
Jan Skalny, Martin Marietta Laboratories, 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore,
Maryland 21227
John C. Slattery, Northwestern University, Department of Chemical Engineering,
Evanston, Illinois 60201
LaRell K. Smith, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City,
Utah 84112
Ian Snook, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, 124 La Trobe Street,
Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Christer Söremark, Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Box 5604,
S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
G. Stell, Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York,
Stony Brook, New York 11794
Melvin D. Sterman, Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company,
Rochester, New York 14650
Dirk Stigter, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710
R.A. Stratton, The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin 54911
Werner Stumm, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EQWAG-ETH, CH
8600 Dubendorf, Zurich, Switzerland
B. Subotic, Laboratory of Colloid Chemistry, "Ruder Boskovic" Institute,
41001 Zagreb, P.O. Box 1016, Croatia, Yugoslavia
Maher E. Tadros, Martin Marietta Laboratories, 1450 South Rolling Road,
Baltimore, Maryland 21227
T.F. Tadros, I.C.I. Plant Protection Division, Jealott's Hill Research Station,
Brackness RG12 6EV, England
Takeuchi Takashi, Research Laboratories, Kai Soap Co., Wakayama-shi
640-91, Japan
E.D. Tarapore, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720
xv
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
S. Torza, Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey
07974
J.W. Vanderhoff, Center for Surface and Coatings Research, Lehigh University,
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
Garret Vanderkooi, Department of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University,
DeKalb, Illinois 60115
William van legen, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, 124 La Trobe
Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
A. Vrij, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Van't Hoff Laboratorium voor Fysische-en
Colloidchemi, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 2506, The Netherlands
H. Walter, Veterans Administration Hospital, Long Beach, California
D.T. Wasan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
Lun-yan Wei, E. I. du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware 19898
R.K.A. Wesley, John L. Smith Memorial for Cancer Research, Pfizer, Inc.,
Maywood, New Jersey 07607
Claude Wolff, Universitéd e Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire
d'Hydrodynamique Moléculaire,6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29283 Brest Cedex,
France
Frank J.F. Yang, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City,
Utah 84112
Xvi
Preface
This is the fourth volume of papers presented at the International Conference
on Colloids and Surfaces which was held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 21-25,
1976.
The morning sessions consisted of ten plenary lectures and thirty-four invited
lectures on the following topics: rheology of disperse systems, surface thermo-
dynamics, catalysis, aerosols, water at interfaces, stability and instability, solid
surfaces, membranes, liquid crystals, and forces at interfaces. These papers
appear in the first volume of the proceedings along with a general overview by
A. M. Schwartz.
The afternoon sessions were devoted to 221 contributed papers. This volume
includes contributed papers on the subjects of hydrosols and rheology. Three
additional volumes include contributed papers on aerosols, emulsions, sur-
factants, adsorption, catalysis, solid surfaces, wetting, surface tension, water,
biocQlloids, polymers, monolayers, membranes, and general subjects.
The Conference was sponsored jointly by the Division of Colloid and Surface
Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry in celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the
Division and the 50th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium.
The National Colloid Symposium originated at the University of Wisconsin in
1923 on the occasion of the presence there of The Svedberg as a Visiting
Professor (see the interesting remarks of J. H. Mathews at the opening of the
40th National Colloid Symposium and those of Lloyd H. Ryerson in the Jour-
nal of Colloid and Interface Science 22, 409, 412 (1966)). It was during his
stay at Wisconsin that Svedberg developed the ultracentrifuge, and he also
made progress on moving boundary electrophoresis, which his student Tiselius
brought to fruition.
The National Colloid Symposium is the oldest such divisional symposium
within the American Chemical Society. There were no meetings in 1933 and
during the war years 1943-1945, and this lapse accounts for the 50th National
Colloid Symposium occurring on the 53rd anniversary.
However, these circumstances brought the numerical rank of the Symposium
into phase with the age of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. The
Division was established in 1926, partly as an outcome of the Symposium.
Professor Mathews gives an amusing account of this in the article cited above.
The 50th anniversary meeting is also the first one bearing the new name