Hydropower - Practice and Application

332 Pages·2012·15.93 MB·English

by  H. Samadi-Boroujeni

HYDROPOWER – PRACTICE
AND APPLICATION

Edited by Hossein Samadi-Boroujeni
Hydropower – Practice and Application
Edited by Hossein Samadi-Boroujeni

Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2012 InTech
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First published March, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Hydropower – Practice and Application, Edited by Hossein Samadi-Boroujeni
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0164-2

Contents

Preface IX
Chapter 1 Sustainable Hydropower – Issues and Approaches 1
Helen Locher and Andrew Scanlon
Chapter 2 Hydropower – The Sustainability Dilemma 23
Wilson Cabral de Sousa Junior and Célio Bermann
Chapter 3 Hydrological Statistics for Regulating Hydropower 41
Anders Wörman
Chapter 4 Assessment of Impact
of Hydropower Dams Reservoir Outflow on the
Downstream River Flood Regime – Nigeria’s Experience 61
David O. Olukanni and Adebayo W. Salami
Chapter 5 Discharge Measurement Techniques in Hydropower
Systems with Emphasis on the Pressure-Time Method 83
Adam Adamkowski
Chapter 6 Sediment Management in Hydropower
Dam (Case Study – Dez Dam Project) 115
H. Samadi Boroujeni
Chapter 7 Application of Microseismic Monitoring
Technique in Hydroelectric Projects 143
Nuwen Xu, Chun’an Tang, Hong Li and Zhengzhao Liang
Chapter 8 Limnology of Two Contrasting Hydroelectric Reservoirs
(Storage and Run-of-River) in Southeast Brazil 167
Marcos Gomes Nogueira, Gilmar Perbiche-Neves
and Danilo A.O. Naliato
Chapter 9 Reservoir Operation Applied to Hydropower Systems 185
João Luiz Boccia Brandão
VI Contents

Chapter 10 Hydropower Scheduling in Large Scale Power Systems 201
Monica Zambelli, Ivette Luna Huamani, Secundino Soares,
Makoto Kadowaki and Takaaki Ohishi
Chapter 11 Fuzzy Scheduling Applied on
Hydroelectric Power Generation 227
Carlos Gracios-Marin, Gerardo Mino-Aguilar,
German A. Munoz-Hernandez,
José Fermi Guerrero-Castellanos, Alejandro Diaz-Sanchez,
Esteban Molina Flores and Eduardo Lebano-Perez
Chapter 12 Integration of Small Hydro Turbines
into Existing Water Infrastructures 239
Aline Choulot, Vincent Denis, and Petras Punys
Chapter 13 Project Design Management
for a Large Hydropower Station 277
Xuanhua Xu, Yanju Zhou and Xiaohong Chen
Chapter 14 Damming China’s and India’s Periphery:
An Overview over the Region’s
Rapid Hydropower Development 293
Thomas Hennig

Preface

Hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity is called a renewable energy source because
the water on Earth is continuously replenished by precipitation. As long as the water
cycle continues, we won’t run out of this energy source. Hydroelectric energy is the
most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global
electricity consumption, and 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010,
which continues the rapid rate of increase experienced between 2003 and 2009. In the
recent years, measures against global warming have become an important issue for the
world. The use of fossil fuels like oil has raised concerns about carbon dioxide
emissions, which cause global warming, and the future depletion of energy sources.
Against this background, hydropower generation is drawing renewed attention, with
renewable energy sources such as solar power and windpower. Hydro is also a
flexible source of electricity since plants can be ramped up and down very quickly to
adapt to changing energy demands. However, damming interrupts the flow of rivers
and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves
displacing people and wildlife and requires significant amounts of carbon-intensive
cement.
This book is primarily based on theoretical and applied results obtained by the authors
during a long time of practice devoted to problems in the design and operation of a
significant number of hydroelectric power plants in different countries. That is why
the authors have endeavored to offer a large variety of carefully chosen case studies
covering a wide range of engineering issues on the field of hydropower plants.
Therefore, the subjects being mentioned comprise all the main components of a hydro
power plant, from the upstream end, with the basin for water intake, to the
downstream end of the water flow outlet.
The book is addressed equally to engineers and practitioners in the design,
construction and operation of hydropower projects, as well as to research workers and
students at universities.
The book comprises 14 chapters - chapters 1 and 2 focus on sustainability of
hydropower, chapters 3 to 8 cover basic issues of studying hydropower such as
hydrological, hydraulic and geological aspects, chapters 9 to 11 deal with operation
X Preface

and planning, chapter 12 concentrates on the integration of small hydro turbines into
existing water infrastructure, chapter 13 covers manufacture management system, and
chapter 14 presents the challenges of rapid hydropower development in China and
India as a case study.

Hossein Samadi-Boroujeni
Shahrekord University,
Iran