Hydrolysis of metal ions PDF
Preview Hydrolysis of metal ions
PaulL.Brown ChristianEkberg HydrolysisofMetalIons Volume1 PaulL.Brown ChristianEkberg HydrolysisofMetalIons Volume2 PaulL.Brown ChristianEkberg Hydrolysis of Metal Ions Volume1 PaulL.Brown ChristianEkberg Hydrolysis of Metal Ions Volume2 Authors AllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHare carefullyproduced.Nevertheless,authors, editors,andpublisherdonotwarrantthe Dr.PaulL.Brown informationcontainedinthesebooks, GeochemAustralia includingthisbook,tobefreeoferrors. KiamaNSW2533 Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthat Australia statements,data,illustrations,procedural detailsorotheritemsmayinadvertentlybe Prof.ChristianEkberg inaccurate. ChalmersUniversityofTechnology NuclearChemistry/IndustrialMaterials LibraryofCongressCardNo.:appliedfor Recycling Kemivägen4 41296Göteborg BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-Publication Sweden Data Acataloguerecordforthisbookisavailable fromtheBritishLibrary. Bibliographicinformationpublishedbythe DeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothek liststhispublicationintheDeutsche Nationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographic dataareavailableontheInternetat <http://dnb.d-nb.de>. ©2016Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co. KGaA,Boschstr.12,69469Weinheim, Germany Allrightsreserved(includingthoseof translationintootherlanguages).Nopart ofthisbookmaybereproducedinany form–byphotoprinting,microfilm,orany othermeans–nortransmittedortranslated intoamachinelanguagewithoutwritten permissionfromthepublishers.Registered names,trademarks,etc.usedinthisbook, evenwhennotspecificallymarkedassuch, arenottobeconsideredunprotectedbylaw. PrintISBN:978-3-527-33010-2 ePDFISBN:978-3-527-65621-9 ePubISBN:978-3-527-65620-2 MobiISBN:978-3-527-65619-6 oBookISBN:978-3-527-65618-9 CoverDesign AdamDesign,Weinheim, Germany Typesetting SPiGlobal,Chennai,India PrintingandBinding Printedonacid-freepaper V Contents Volume1 Preface XIII 1 Introduction 1 References 4 2 Theory 7 2.1 HydrolysisReactionsandStability/SolubilityConstants 7 2.2 Debye–HückelTheory 9 2.3 OsmoticCoefficient 12 2.4 SpecificIonInteractionTheory 14 2.5 DeterminationofTemperature-DependentParameters 17 2.6 DeterminationofIonInteractionParametersfromActivity andOsmoticCoefficientData 18 2.7 DeterminationofIonInteractionParametersforKOH ∘ atTemperaturesOtherthan25 C 22 2.8 ActivityofWater 23 2.9 EnthalpyandEntropy 24 2.10 EstimationofStabilityandSolubilityConstants 26 References 28 3 MethodologiesforDeterminingStability/SolubilityConstants 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Potentiometry 31 3.2.1 ConsiderationsandLimitations 37 3.3 Liquid–LiquidExtraction 37 3.3.1 ConsiderationsandLimitations 41 3.4 Solid–LiquidExtraction 42 3.4.1 ConsiderationsandLimitations 43 3.5 Solubility 44 3.5.1 ConsiderationsandLimitations 45 VI Contents 3.6 Spectrophotometry 46 3.6.1 ConsiderationsandLimitations 48 3.7 ExperimentalUncertainties 49 3.7.1 UncertaintiesinDataPoints 49 3.7.2 UncertaintiesinFittedParameters 51 3.7.3 Correlations 52 References 53 4 StatisticalAnalysisandSelectionCriteria 55 4.1 UncertaintyAssessment 55 4.1.1 UncertaintyAssignmentBasedonNumberofAvailableData 55 4.1.2 PropagationofUncertainties 56 4.2 SelectionofStabilityandSolubilityConstants 57 References 60 5 Water 61 5.1 PhysicalPropertiesofWater 61 5.2 ProtolysisofWateratZeroIonicStrength 65 ∘ 5.3 ProtolysisofWaterinMediaofFixedIonicStrengthat25 C 68 5.4 ProtolysisofWaterinMediaofFixedIonicStrengthatOther Temperatures 72 5.5 Enthalpy,EntropyandHeatCapacity 73 5.6 CollationandAssessmentofLiteratureData 77 5.6.1 ZeroIonicStrength 77 5.6.2 IonicStrengthDependence 86 5.6.2.1 CesiumChloride 86 5.6.2.2 TetramethylammoniumChloride 89 5.6.2.3 SodiumChloride 89 5.6.2.4 PotassiumChloride 102 5.6.2.5 LithiumChloride 107 5.6.2.6 BariumChloride 111 5.6.2.7 SodiumPerchlorate 113 5.6.2.8 LithiumPerchlorate 115 5.6.2.9 PotassiumIodide 118 5.6.2.10 PotassiumNitrate 118 5.6.2.11 SodiumNitrate 119 5.6.2.12 SodiumTriflate 122 5.6.2.13 SodiumSulfate 126 5.7 ZeroIonicStrengthDataatHighPressure 128 5.8 ComparativeStrengthoftheProtolysisConstantofWater 128 References 130 6 AlkaliMetals 135 6.1 Introduction 135 6.2 Lithium 136
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