Hydrology and water resource systems analysis

622 Pages·2016·22.11 MB·English

by  Evangelos A., Mimikou, Maria A., Tsihrintzis, Vassilios A, Baltas

Hydrology and Water Resource Systems
Analysis
Hydrology and Water Resource Systems
Analysis
MARIA A. MIMIKOU
National Technical University of Athens, Greece
EVANGELOS A. BALTAS
National Technical University of Athens, Greece
VASSILIOS A. TSIHRINTZIS
National Technical University of Athens, Greece
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Mimikou, Maria A., author. | Baltas, Evangelos A., author.|
Tsihrintzis, Vassilios A., 1959-author.
Title: Hydrology and water resource systems analysis / authors, Maria A
Mimikou, Evangelos A Baltas, Vassilios A Tsihrintzis.
Description: Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016. | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015039103 | ISBN 9781466581302 (alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Water resources development. | Hydrology. | System analysis.
Classification: LCC TC405 .M49 2016 | DDC 551.48--dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039103
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To my husband Yiannis and my daughter Alexandra for their support Maria
Mimikou To my family Evangelos Baltas In memory of my parents Andreas and
Evangelia to whom I owe everything.
To my wife Alexandra and my two sons Andreas and Konstantinos for their
support, encouragement and patience Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis
Contents
Preface
Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 The Science of hydrology
1.3 Historical evolution of hydrology
1.4 Classification of hydrology
1.5 Hydrological cycle
1.6 Hydrological variables and their units of measurement
1.7 River basin
1.8 Scale in hydrology
1.8.1 Spatial scale
1.8.2 Timescale
1.9 Worldwide distribution of water
1.10 Hydrological balance
References
2 Precipitation and hydrological losses
2.1 General
2.2 Formation of atmospheric precipitation
2.3 Precipitation types
2.3.1 Rain
2.3.2 Snow
2.3.3 Hail
2.4 Cooling mechanisms and types of precipitation
2.4.1 Cyclonic cooling
2.4.2 Orographic cooling
2.4.3 Conductive cooling
2.5 Measurement of precipitation
2.5.1 Precipitation sensors
2.5.2 Rain gauge recorders
2.5.3 Snowfall measurement
2.5.4 Meteorological radar
2.5.5 Joss–Waldvogel disdrometers
2.5.5.1 Description of the disdrometer RD-80
2.5.5.2 Hydro-meteorological parameters which can be
derived by the RD-69 and RD-80 disdrometers
2.5.5.3 Derivation of rain characteristics with the use of a
Joss–Waldvogel RD-69 disdrometer
2.5.6 Installation of rain gauges
2.5.7 Space measurements
2.5.7.1 Satellites
2.5.7.2 Installed instruments
2.5.7.3 Advanced precipitation radar
2.5.7.4 Microwave imager
2.5.7.5 Visible and infrared radiation scanner
2.5.7.6 Clouds and the Earth’s radiant energy system
2.5.7.7 Lightning imaging sensor
2.6 Installation of network of point measurement devices
2.7 Test of data homogeneity and analysis of double cumulative curves
2.8 Completion of rainfall measurements: Adaptation to different altitudes
2.8.1 Method of arithmetic mean
2.8.2 Method of normal ratios
2.8.3 Inverse distance method
2.8.4 Correlation and regression
2.8.5 Correction of rainfall with altitude
2.9 Surface integration of areal rainfall from point measurements
2.9.1 Averaging method
2.9.2 Thiessen method
2.9.3 Isohyetal curve method
2.9.4 Optimum interpolation method (Kriging)
2.9.5 Time distributions of rainfall
2.9.5.1 Limited-scale phenomena
2.9.5.2 Medium-scale phenomena
2.9.5.3 Synoptic-scale phenomena
2.10 Hydrological losses
2.10.1 General
2.11 Evaporation
2.11.1 Water balance methods
2.11.1.1 Thornthwaite’s water balance method
2.11.2 Energy balance methods
2.11.3 Mass transfer methods
2.11.4 Combination methods: Penman method
2.12 Evapotranspiration
2.12.1 Water balance methods
2.12.2 Methods for the determination of potential evapotranspiration
from climatic data
2.12.2.1 Penman–Monteith method
2.12.2.2 Thornthwaite’s method
2.12.2.3 Blaney–Criddle method
2.12.2.4 Jensen–Haise method
2.12.2.5 Makkink’s method
2.12.2.6 Hargreaves method
2.12.2.7 Priestley–Taylor method
2.12.3 Methods for the determination of actual evapotranspiration
2.12.3.1 Turc method
2.12.3.2 Coutagne method
2.13 Infiltration rate estimation
2.13.1 Infiltration
2.13.2 Hotton’s model (1930)
2.13.3 Green–Ampt model (1911)
2.13.4 Huggins–Monke model (1966)
2.13.5 Holtan model (1961)
2.13.6 Kostiakov model (1932)
2.13.7 Philip model (1954)
2.13.8 Soil Conservation Service method
References
3 Runoff
3.1 General
3.2 River basin
3.3 Hydrographs
3.3.1 Characteristics of the hydrograph
3.3.1.1 φ index