Hydrogen Future and Technologies [pres. slides]

15 Pages·2003·0.658 MB·English

Hydrogen Futures
And Technologies
Dr. Charles Forsberg
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box 2008; Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6179
Tel: [phone]; E-mail: [email protected]
Rohsenow Symposium on Future Trends In Heat Transfer
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
May 17, 2003
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reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. File name: MIT.2003
Why the Hydrogen Economy?
Protect the
National Security
Environment
Imported Oil
03-121
Large Scale Hydrogen Production Is
an Old Business: Town Gas
03-120
Liquid Fuels Production Is Rapidly Becoming
the Major Market for Hydrogen
(Worldwide All Uses: 50 Million Tons/Year)
Input Refinery Transport Fuel
Past Light
Dirty (sulfur, etc.):
(CH )
Sweet
1.5+ n (CH )
Crude Oil 1.5+ n
Current
Transition
Heavy
(CH ) Clean: (CH )
Near Sour 0.8 n 2 n
Future Crude Oil
Natural Gas Hydrogen Plant
Heavy
Future Sour (CH ) Clean: (CH )
0.8 n 2+ n
Crude Oil
Nonfossil Hydrogen
ORNL DWG 2001-107R2
Addition of Hydrogen Can Increase Liquid
Fuel Yields per Barrel of Oil by Up to 15%
(Transition to the Hydrogen Economy)
Benefits
Hydrogen
• Lower imports
• Reduced CO
2
• Reduced NO
X
• Reduced sulfur
• Reduced diesel
particulate
02-173
The Growing Hydrogen Demand Creates a Bridge to the
Hydrogen Economy—With a Future Hydrogen Energy
Demand That May Exceed That for Electricity
I
n
f
Experience r Technology
a
Development
s
Distributed
t
Power
r Transport
u
Fuel
Refinery and
c
Chemical Demand t
u
r
Economics e of Scale
Hydrogen Fueled
Today
Future
ORNL DWG 2001-108
The Hydrogen Economy
Oxygen
Nuclear Reactor
Oil Refinery
Heat
High Capacity
Pipeline (Existing)
2H O 2H + O
2 2 2
Transport Fuel
Steam Reforming
Distributed
of Coal Power
CO
2
Sequestration
Hydrogen Fueled
Future
Time of Day/Month
C + 2H O CO + 2H
2 2 2 H Storage
2
03-122
The Big Barriers to the Hydrogen Economy
Hydrogen Production
Oxygen
Nuclear Reactor
Vehicle On-Board
Hydrogen Storage
Heat
2H O 2H + O
2 2 2
Steam Reforming
of Coal
CO
2
Sequestration
C + 2H O CO + 2H
2 2 2
03-123
Heat Transfer Challenges
Hydrogen Production
Example: Nuclear Energy
Sulfur Iodine Process For Hydrogen Production
Water
Oxygen Hydrogen
H O
2
O H
2 2
SO , H O I
2 2 2
Heat Heat
H SO H O + SO I + SO + 2H O
700-1000oC 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 2HI H + I 450oC
H O + SO + ½O 2HI + H SO 2 2
2 2 2 2 4
H SO HI
2 4
120oC
Reject Heat
03-041R