GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences Paweł M. Rowiński Andrea Marion E ditors Hydrodynamic and Mass Transport at Freshwater Aquatic Interfaces 34th International School of Hydraulics GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences Editor-in-chief Paweł M. Rowiński Series editors Marek Banaszkiewicz, Warsaw, Poland Janusz Pempkowiak, Sopot, Poland Marek Lewandowski, Warsaw, Poland Marek Sarna, Warsaw, Poland More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8821 ł ń Pawe M. Rowi ski Andrea Marion (cid:129) Editors Hydrodynamic and Mass Transport at Freshwater Aquatic Interfaces 34th International School of Hydraulics 123 Editors Paweł M.Rowiński Andrea Marion Polish Academy ofSciences Department ofIndustrial Engineering Institute of Geophysics University of Padua Warsaw Padua Poland Italy The GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences Book Series is in part a continuation of Monographic Volumes of Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, the journal publishedsince 1962(http://pub.igf.edu.pl/index.php). ISSN 2190-5193 ISSN 2190-5207 (electronic) GeoPlanet: EarthandPlanetary Sciences ISBN978-3-319-27749-3 ISBN978-3-319-27750-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27750-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015957099 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Series Editors Geophysics Paweł M. Rowiński Editor-in-Chief Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Ks. Janusza 64 01-452 Warszawa, Poland [email protected] Space Sciences Marek Banaszkiewicz Space Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Bartycka 18A 00-716 Warszawa, Poland Oceanology Janusz Pempkowiak Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences Powstańców Warszawy 55 81-712 Sopot, Poland Geology Marek Lewandowski Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Twarda 51/55 00-818 Warszawa, Poland Astronomy Marek Sarna Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Bartycka 18 00-716 Warszawa, Poland [email protected] Managing Editor Anna Dziembowska Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Advisory Board Robert Anczkiewicz Bertrand Fritz Research Centre in Kraków Ecole et Observatoire des Institute of Geological Sciences Sciences de la Terre, Kraków, Poland Laboratoire d’Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg Aleksander Brzeziński Université de Strasbourg et CNRS Space Research Centre Strasbourg, France Polish Academy of Sciences Warszawa, Poland Truls Johannessen Geophysical Institute Javier Cuadros University of Bergen Department of Mineralogy Bergen, Norway Natural History Museum London, UK Michael A. Kaminski Department of Earth Sciences Jerzy Dera University College London Institute of Oceanology London, UK Polish Academy of Sciences Sopot, Poland Andrzej Kijko Aon Benfield Evgeni Fedorovich Natural Hazards Research Centre School of Meteorology University of Pretoria University of Oklahoma Pretoria, South Africa Norman, USA Francois Leblanc Wolfgang Franke Laboratoire Atmospheres, Milieux Geologisch-Paläntologisches Institut Observations Spatiales, CNRS/IPSL Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Paris, France Frankfurt/Main, Germany Kon-Kee Liu Krzysztof Stasiewicz Institute of Hydrological Swedish Institute of Space Physics and Oceanic Sciences Uppsala, Sweden National Central University Jhongli Ewa Szuszkiewicz Jhongli, Taiwan Department of Astronomy Teresa Madeyska and Astrophysics Research Centre in Warsaw University of Szczecin Institute of Geological Sciences Szczecin, Poland Warszawa, Poland Roman Teisseyre Stanisław Massel Department of Theoretical Geophysics Institute of Oceanology Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences Sopot, Poland Warszawa, Poland Antonio Meloni Jacek Tronczynski Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica Laboratory of Biogeochemistry Rome, Italy of Organic Contaminants IFREMER DCN_BE Evangelos Papathanassiou Nantes, France Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Anavissos, Greece Steve Wallis School of the Built Environment Kaja Pietsch Heriot-Watt University AGH University of Science and Riccarton, Edinburgh Technology Scotland, UK Kraków, Poland Wacław M. Zuberek Dušan Plašienka Department of Applied Geology Prírodovedecká fakulta, UK University of Silesia Univerzita Komenského Sosnowiec, Poland Bratislava, Slovakia Piotr Życki Barbara Popielawska Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Space Research Centre Centre Polish Academy of Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences Warszawa, Poland Warszawa, Poland Tilman Spohn Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt in der Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Institut für Planetenforschung Berlin, Germany Preface ThisbookistheresultofacollaborativeeffortbetweentheInstituteofGeophysics (IGF) ofthePolishAcademyofSciences with itsCenter forPolar StudiesKNOW andtheEuropeanInitialTrainingNetworkProjectHYTECH.Thepaperspresented at the 34th International School of Hydraulics held at Żelechów Palace in Poland during May 11–14, 2015 constitute the basis for this volume. International School of Hydraulics is a biannual event run under the auspices of the International Association of Hydro Environment Engineering and Research IAHR and the Committee of Water Resources of the Polish Academy of Sciences. This year the School was devoted to hydrodynamic and mass transport at freshwater aquatic interfaces, but papers related to other problems from the broadly understood hydraulics were also accepted. Although not published in this volume we need to mention three invited lectures presented by renowned specialists in the field: Prof. Heidi Nepffrom Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, talked about vege- tation hydrodynamics at both the blade-scale and canopy-scale, Prof. Bernhard Statzner, former director of National Science Research Center (CNRS), France, talked about testing predictions of changes in the abundance and community structure of benthic invertebrates and fish after flow restoration in a large river (French Rhône), and Prof. Peter A. Davies from University of Dundee, UK, dis- cussed the complex problem of waviness on density interfaces in stratified water bodies. The presence and advice of these eminent scientists created a fantastic scientific atmosphere during the meeting. The International School of Hydraulics in its current form organized by the Institute of Geophysics was first held in 2006 and was initially conceived as a forum to bring together leaders in the field of broadly understood hydraulics and young scientists. The diversity of participants in this event allows for cross-fertilization between basic and experimental scientists as well as senior and more junior investigators. The School permits reflection on the current state of the field,unansweredbutcriticalquestions,andpotentialfuturedirectionsforresearch. This Conference Proceedings volume contains the written versions of most of the contributions presented during the School which took place at the Palace ix
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