Hydraulics in civil and environmental engineering PDF
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CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING HYDRAULICS IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 5TH EDITION “Outstanding coverage of practical engineering applications that is accessible to students.” —John W. Davies, Coventry University, UK As hydraulics research continues to seek solutions to many pressing problems in water and environmental management, engineers and scientists face exciting and difficult challenges which will make the fullest demands on their skills. Now in its fifth edition, Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering combines thorough coverage of the Andrew Chadwick, John Morfett basic principles of civil engineering hydraulics with wide-ranging treatment of practical, real-world applications. and Martin Borthwick This classic text is carefully structured into two parts to address principles before moving on to more advanced topics. The first part focuses on fundamentals, including hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, pipe and open channel flow, wave theory, physical modelling, hydrology, and sediment transport. The second part illustrates the engineering applications of these fundamental principles to pipeline system design; hydraulic struc- tures; and river, canal, and coastal engineering—including up-to-date environmental implications. A chapter on computational hydraulics demonstrates the application of computational simulation techniques to modern design in a variety of contexts. This fifth edition includes substantive revisions of the chapters on hydraulic machines, flood hydrology, and computational modeling. New material has been added to the chapters on hydrostatics, principles of fluid flow, behaviour of real fluids, open channel flow, pressure surge in pipelines, wave theory, sediment transport, river engineering, and coastal engineering. This edition also contains the latest recommendations regarding climate change predictions, impacts, and adaptation measures. References have been updated throughout. Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Fifth Edition is an essential resource for students and practitioners of civil, environmental, and public health engineering, and associated disciplines. It is comprehensive, fully illustrated, and contains many worked examples. Spreadsheets and useful links to other web pages are available on an accom- panying website, and a solutions manual is available to lecturers. Y119151 ISBN: 978-0-415-67245-0 90000 9 780415 672450 A SPON BOOK Y119151_Cover_mech.indd 1 2/5/13 10:49 AM Hydraulics in civil and EnvironmEntal EnginEEring 5tH Edition TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk HydrAuliCs in Civil And EnvironMEntAl EnginEEring 5tH Edition Andrew Chadwick, John Morfett and Martin Borthwick A SPON BOOK CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130311 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-203-81358-4 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material repro- duced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copy- right.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifica- tion and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Short History of Hydraulics xi Introductory Notes xv Principal Symbols xix Part I PrInCIPles and BasIC aPPlICatIons 1 1 Hydrostatics 3 2 Principles of Fluid Flow 27 3 Behaviour of real Fluids 73 4 Flow in Pipes and Closed Conduits 101 5 open Channel Flow 135 6 Pressure surge in Pipelines 197 7 Hydraulic Machines 215 v vi Contents 8 Wave theory 229 9 sediment transport 301 10 Flood Hydrology 329 11 dimensional analysis and the theory of Physical Models 389 Part II asPeCts oF HydraulIC engIneerIng 419 12 Pipeline systems 421 13 Hydraulic structures 447 14 Computational Hydraulics 495 15 river and Canal engineering 535 16 Coastal engineering 569 17 Postscript 607 Appendix A: Moments of Area 609 Index 613 Preface The aim of the fifth edition of Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering remains being to provide a comprehensive coverage of civil engineering hydraulics in all its aspects and to pro- vide an introduction to the principles of environmentally sound hydraulic engineering practice. To those who would be reading this book for the first time, we hope you enjoy it. You should find sufficient material to cover most first degree courses and useful information for a higher degree and for professional practice. The references and further reading lists are comprehensive and point the way to further study. The fifth edition has been extensively reviewed by a panel of ten experts drawn from across the world. It contains much of the material from the previous editions and includes substantive revisions of the chapters on hydraulic machines, flood hydrology and computational modelling. New material has also been added to the chapters on hydrostatics, principles of fluid flow, behaviour of real fluids, open channel flow, pressure surge in pipelines, wave theory, sediment transport, river engineering and coastal engineering. The latest recommendations regarding climate change predictions, impacts and adaptation measures have also been included. The chapter on water quality modelling has been removed to contain the size of the book. References have been updated throughout. Finally, we have a website (http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415306096/) which contains the solutions manual to the problems, some spreadsheets and links to other websites of interest. vii TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk acknowledgements We are most grateful to the individuals and organisations who contributed to the development of the book through its previous editions. The following colleagues read and commented on various sections of the manuscripts: Prof. M.B. Abbott (International Institute for Hydraulic and Environmental Research, Delft), Dr. K. Anastasiou (Imperial College), Dr. R. Bettess (HR Ltd., Wallingford), B.G.S. Ellett (Oxford Brookes University), Prof. C.A. Fleming (director of maritime engineering, Sir William Halcrow & Ptnrs., Swindon, UK), Prof. G. Fleming (Strathclyde University), Prof. D.A. Huntley (University of Plymouth), Dr. D.W. Knight (University of Birmingham), Dr. J.H. Loveless (University of Bristol), Prof. D. McDowell (formerly of the University of Manchester), Dr. R.G. Matthew (University of Bradford) and Dr. G. Pender (University of Glasgow). Finally, Colin Prior produced most of the line illustrations. The following individuals and organisations have given permission for the reproduction of illustrative and other material for this edition, which we gratefully acknowledge: TecQuipment for Figure 3.2; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK, for use of hydrological data; Environmental Agency, South West, UK, for use of hydrological data; D.A. Ervine and Instn. of Civil Engineers for Figure 13.13 (from Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. Part 2, 61, 383–400 (June)). Andrew Chadwick John Morfett Martin Borthwick ix
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