HVAC Fundamentals

337 Pages·2007·16.51 MB·english

by  Samuel C. Sugarman

HVAC Fundamentals
Second Edition

HVAC
Fundamentals
Second Edition
Samuel C. Sugarman
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sugarman, Samuel C., 1946-
HVAC fundamentals / Samuel C. Sugarman. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-88173-559-0 (print) -- ISBN 0-88173-560-4 (electronic)
1. Heating--Equipment and supplies. 2. Ventilation--Equipment and
supplies. 3. Air conditioning--Equipment and supplies. I. Title.
TH7345.S795 2007
697--dc22
2006051481
HVAC fundamentals 2nd ed / by Samuel C. Sugarman
©2007 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publica-
tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc.
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Lilburn, GA 30047
tel: [phone]; fax: [phone]
http://www.fairmontpress.com
Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd.
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E-mail: [email protected]
Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd.
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E-mail: [email protected]
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0-88173-559-0 (The Fairmont Press, Inc.)
1-4200-5245-4 (Taylor & Francis Ltd.)
While every effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher,
authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions.
iv
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 HVAC Systems ....................................................................1
Chapter 2 Heat Flow ...........................................................................15
Chapter 3 Psychrometrics ..................................................................25
Chapter 4 Heating and Ventilating Systems ..................................47
Chapter 5 Air Conditioning Systems ...............................................69
Chapter 6 Compressors ......................................................................95
Chapter 7 Water Chillers ..................................................................105
Chapter 8 Fans ....................................................................................119
Chapter 9 Air Distribution ...............................................................137
Chapter 10 Variable Air Volume .......................................................163
Chapter 11 Pumps and Water Distribution ....................................191
Chapter 12 Control Systems ..............................................................217
Chapter 13 Control System Components ........................................227
Chapter 14 Choosing an HVAC System .........................................241
Chapter 15 Heat Recovery .................................................................251
Chapter 16 Energy Conservation Opportunities ..........................263
Chapter 17 Central Plant Water Chiller Optimization .................281
Chapter 18 Fan Drives ........................................................................293
Chapter 19 Terminology .....................................................................303
Chapter 20 HVAC Timeline ...............................................................315
Index ...............................................................................................................321
v

Foreword
HVAC Fundamentals covers the full range of HVAC systems used
in today’s facilities. This is a comprehensive book providing the reader
a detailed description of how HVAC systems operate. The HVAC sys-
tems are divided into components and controls for air, water, heating,
ventilating and air conditioning to clearly illustrate the way in which
each system, subsystem, control or component contributes to providing
the desired indoor environment. The reader will learn why one com-
ponent or system may be chosen over another with respect to design,
application, energy conservation, indoor air quality and cost. The book
also covers heat flow fundamentals and the heat flow calculations used
in selecting equipment and determining system operating performance
and costs. Fluid flow fundamentals and equations, and fundamentals of
system testing and verification of system performance are also covered
in this book. This gives the reader a complete picture of systems from
conception to operation. The chapters are organized in a way that one
builds upon another and systems, components, design and application
are revisited as the reader gains knowledge and insight about the work-
ings of HVAC systems.
Sam Sugarman
vii

Acknowledgments
Writers do not write alone, so I would like to acknowledge
just a few of those colleagues, friends and family who shared
their support, ideas and guidance for this second edition. I would
especially like to thank Bill Payne, my acquisitions editor, for his
intellectual support and stimulating ideas, Bahman Rafii, profes-
sional engineer, who reviewed the psychrometric chapter and
Margaret Monger for helping with the proof reading. Thanks also
to the rest of my family and loved ones who watched me stare
at my computer for hours on end, for bringing me sustenance,
their critiques and then leaving me in relative solitude—almost
alone. As always, the most special thanks to Westley Jane down
by the sea, to whom this book is dedicated.
ix