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HVAC Fundamentals PDF

337 Pages·2007·16.51 MB·english
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HVAC Fundamentals Second Edition HVAC Fundamentals Second Edition Samuel C. Sugarman Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sugarman, Samuel C., 1946- HVAC fundamentals / Samuel C. Sugarman. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-88173-559-0 (print) -- ISBN 0-88173-560-4 (electronic) 1. Heating--Equipment and supplies. 2. Ventilation--Equipment and supplies. 3. Air conditioning--Equipment and supplies. I. Title. TH7345.S795 2007 697--dc22 2006051481 HVAC fundamentals 2nd ed / by Samuel C. Sugarman ©2007 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc. 700 Indian Trail Lilburn, GA 30047 tel: 770-925-9388; fax: 770-381-9865 http://www.fairmontpress.com Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA E-mail: [email protected] Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd. 23-25 Blades Court Deodar Road London SW15 2NU, UK E-mail: [email protected] Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-88173-559-0 (The Fairmont Press, Inc.) 1-4200-5245-4 (Taylor & Francis Ltd.) While every effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher, authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions. iv Table of Contents Chapter 1 HVAC Systems ....................................................................1 Chapter 2 Heat Flow ...........................................................................15 Chapter 3 Psychrometrics ..................................................................25 Chapter 4 Heating and Ventilating Systems ..................................47 Chapter 5 Air Conditioning Systems ...............................................69 Chapter 6 Compressors ......................................................................95 Chapter 7 Water Chillers ..................................................................105 Chapter 8 Fans ....................................................................................119 Chapter 9 Air Distribution ...............................................................137 Chapter 10 Variable Air Volume .......................................................163 Chapter 11 Pumps and Water Distribution ....................................191 Chapter 12 Control Systems ..............................................................217 Chapter 13 Control System Components ........................................227 Chapter 14 Choosing an HVAC System .........................................241 Chapter 15 Heat Recovery .................................................................251 Chapter 16 Energy Conservation Opportunities ..........................263 Chapter 17 Central Plant Water Chiller Optimization .................281 Chapter 18 Fan Drives ........................................................................293 Chapter 19 Terminology .....................................................................303 Chapter 20 HVAC Timeline ...............................................................315 Index ...............................................................................................................321 v Foreword HVAC Fundamentals covers the full range of HVAC systems used in today’s facilities. This is a comprehensive book providing the reader a detailed description of how HVAC systems operate. The HVAC sys- tems are divided into components and controls for air, water, heating, ventilating and air conditioning to clearly illustrate the way in which each system, subsystem, control or component contributes to providing the desired indoor environment. The reader will learn why one com- ponent or system may be chosen over another with respect to design, application, energy conservation, indoor air quality and cost. The book also covers heat flow fundamentals and the heat flow calculations used in selecting equipment and determining system operating performance and costs. Fluid flow fundamentals and equations, and fundamentals of system testing and verification of system performance are also covered in this book. This gives the reader a complete picture of systems from conception to operation. The chapters are organized in a way that one builds upon another and systems, components, design and application are revisited as the reader gains knowledge and insight about the work- ings of HVAC systems. Sam Sugarman vii Acknowledgments Writers do not write alone, so I would like to acknowledge just a few of those colleagues, friends and family who shared their support, ideas and guidance for this second edition. I would especially like to thank Bill Payne, my acquisitions editor, for his intellectual support and stimulating ideas, Bahman Rafii, profes- sional engineer, who reviewed the psychrometric chapter and Margaret Monger for helping with the proof reading. Thanks also to the rest of my family and loved ones who watched me stare at my computer for hours on end, for bringing me sustenance, their critiques and then leaving me in relative solitude—almost alone. As always, the most special thanks to Westley Jane down by the sea, to whom this book is dedicated. ix

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