Husserl. La "Crisi delle scienze europee" e la responsabilità dell'Europa

349 Pages·1985·8.339 MB·Italian

by  Mario Signore (ed.)

E. HUSSERL
LA" CRIDSEIL LSEC IENEZUER OPEEE "
LAR ESPONSABISLTIOTRÀID CEAL L'EUROPA
SCRITTI DI A. ALES-BELLOE,. B ACCARINI,M . CASTELLANA,
F.D E NATALE, P.D E VITIISE,.G ARULLI,G . GIANNOTTI,
K.H ELD,G .I NVITTO,L. LANDGREBE,A . MASULLO,M . NACCI,
A. PONSETTO, M. PROTO,G .A.R OGGERONE, U.S ANZO,G . SCRIMIERI,
G. SEMERARI,L . SEMERARO,M . SIGNORE,M . SINATRA,
T.T ONIETTI,V . TONINI,L .V ALDRÈ,F .V OLPI
A CURA DIM . SIGNORE
FRANCOA NGELI
Volumpeu bibcladtao e ccotonrli ob udtDeilp aretnitdmoi f islooaf i
del'lUneisrvitdàiL ecce.
Copyright1�9 8b5y FrancAon gelLii brsi. r.Mli,l anlot,a ly
E'v ietaltaar iproduziaonnceh,ep arzialoe a d usoin ternoo didatticcoon,q ualsiasi
mezzoe ffettunaotnaa ,u torizzata.
INDICE
IntroduzidoiMn ea,r iSoi gnore pa.g 7
PartIe
Epopea,c risei t rasformazdieolnl«ea r ati>>o o ccidentale
l.R esponsabsiltiotràid ceal l'EurIolpt aem.a fondamen­
tael dell« aK ris»i dsi H usserdliL, u dwiLga ndegbre )) 19
2.H usseer li lp robledmeal lsat oriogrfaiflioas ofdiic a,
GisuepepS emerari )) 29
3.« WirE uropa»e rn eim anoscriitnteid ictoin tempora·
neia ll«a K ris»i, sd iA ngelAal se-lBleo )) 53
4.H usserel l a« mincacigae omectar> i> allfai losodfii a,
UbalSdaon za )) 73
5.C risdie llsec ienez ceri si dceilvlial dtiMà ,i cheNlaac ci) ) 80
6.Q uattlreot tedriEe d mundH usseardlH ermann Weyl:
l'infludeenlpz ean esriof enomenolosguilclcoar idseil le
scienmzaet emati,dc hiTe itToon eitti )) 89
7.B anflie ttodriHe u sserdliG, ius�ppeA .R oggerone )) 99
8.F enomenolodgeilal a crissic ideenlezlueer opedei,
ValeTroiinan i )) 108
PartIeI• Dall'individduealzlciaro insei «d realtli>a>o
allrai scopedretlsa u o« telo» so riginario
l.L a diagnofsein oemnologidceal l'epporceas enitne
Husseer Hle ideggdeirK ,l auHse ld >> 125
6
2.L ar diuzieo fnenomenolnoegilcl« aaC risdie llsec ienze
europeed»iG, iorgSicor iiemri pag1.4 3
3.P roblemtae leoloegf iecnoo menoldoeglitlaea pm oraàl,i t
diM ariSoi gen or )) 157
4.H usseer ll fai losdoeflilsaat ro iad,iE nircGoa rulli)) 173
5.S ignifiec saitgionf iczaan.U nap rospethtuisvslaei rana,
diL dioV a ldré )) 194
6.M odeldlii ragei moondee ldlivi e ridtàiE, m ilBiaoc ca­
rnzz )) 202
7.E rmeneutei coamn dod ellvait da,iP ietDreVo i st ii )) 211
8.H usseer lle' pistemoflroagnicae dsiMe ,a riCoa stell))a n2a17
PartIeI I- L ec oncretizzsaotzriicohn«e id eteirnma»t e
del«l Kar is»i sep ossibildieltl oàor superamento
L Fenomenoleo ngiicah iol:il samr agiocnoem ea scees i
lar azionalizczoamzeti eocnnei dciaA ,ld oM asou ll )) 229
2.F enomengoilaeo politLiec iam.p licapnozlei tidcehie
concehtutsis earnlidi i'ntersoggetet id«vi Li etià» b, d i
AntonioP onestto )) 248
3.M ondod elvliat ea p aotlogdieeml o dernaot:t uiatdlàe l­
ler iefslsiohnusis ernlei,da iF ranVcool pi )) 264
4.F enomenoleos goicai oloIgldi eas.t ianmoe ricadniAo l ­
fred SchduiGt izn,an Giia nnotti )) 291
5.L ac rifsein omenoldoeglislcceai enez leac riid sellpsai ­
cologcioan teomrpanedaiM, arSiian atra )) 304
6.L af enomenolcoogmieca r itdieclal (a( ragipoignrea »,
diF erruDcecN iaot ale )) 311
7.F enomenolomgairxaim,so ,s cienszocei aldii,M ario
Pr oto )) 320
8.L a( <K ris»i nse llleat tduirM ae rleau-Peo Tnrtayn -Duc­
Thao,d iG ioavnniI ntvtio )) 331
9. (L(a c ridseil slcei enezuer op»e nee llrai flesdsiiE onn­e
zoP acid,iL ciiSae meraro )) 343
INTRODUZIONE
diM arSioi gnore
l.P uòa,l meanp or ivmia s,at paparriicrshei odsiose crudete lclira­
sid elslceni ze,ei nu n'epoccoam lea n os,tc rhaece rntoonh am otivo
did ubtairdee lploses ibeid leigtelàfei ft dteil rlciae rsccai einctai.f
Nono ccoarndraeer a de veindzeil aecr erntoonr armea neisftazio­
nid ie nfasscii einc,tap iefrl ascicaornsviie n ncoensr oltadenlatl o
« fed»e c ernteapl or gredseslosl cani zeam,aa ncdheel ilrrae viebriàsl it
di tuanml oev imesnetnofzn iae .
Eppeu rfii lonsoonpf ois nsoon ona ccoigelerl as ficdhave i elnaen ­
ciaptraor piao l ornoo,na ppesnima e titend sicusslio'ovnveid eetlà
proscseoes ,i c ercdhiri i pdreernleef idliau nos vilou,cp hpea ppea r
ormadietl tu tsovn icaootl dalclaapc aitdiàd ecisdieo'lnuleo meos em­
brcao rrpearrea lslene olnoa ,d diitrrtaiu nc ontars,tc oonl os viplpuo
del'lumiatnà.
A quetosp unos tip onceo muegr enzat,e mlaat izdzeazlilcoai­n e
« r
si» d elscliae ,np zeacro igeler sie g,an nicihm ee one vid,ea ntrttaiverso
iq uaelsiss aim anfies,pt oraprpieonr o ni nocrreirnue n aa feftrtlait­a
quidazdieoplonr bel e,cm oaemp ropocnhseio staideo nlet rantzeas il a
delslvoui plpdoe lslcaiz ea,cn heo rmapiar es pnigearel ldmeii ssioni
qualsailatdsriiam eonnsei vdieevelru mano.
Propar qiuoe s« tuagr ena»z vuorisi pondlearr aec codlist aag gi
chqeu pier esntmio,a ceh seo niolf rudtteola lnea leid seliled iscou­ssi
nit rfai lodseodfiiac la'ltoepir taa rddiEa . H usse,rL lac ridseils lcei en­
zee uroep efele an oomleongtircaae sndteanlceh,,es ev idleal ucpeo ­
stumcaom veo luImVed elHluas siear,nls aolnttanoe 1l9 54g,ài v enti
annpir imaav evviao s ntasceirlper imnou cldeeoti e mfino damentali
chle ac otsituoi.r ann
A ciunaqnatn'ndiaq uesptriia mbib zoize,m enets ria fofnrtialte ­
ma,pe nru lelsatn reaoa lrliaf leshsuisosneaer,d l eilaclnraid seilr laa­
gioend eel 'lidendetlirltaaàog nioec icden,tq aulsieir accolgal piore­
«
vocaz»i doinH eu ssees rigl u aara dllmaain efstazdieolnclera id seil le
8
sciecnozmeae d u ne vencthore i guatrudtalt ete e rarbei tead tuen que
«
l'uma» nnietlsàlu aar etaàli nm ovimennetloslo tair ad,if ronatlel a
qualief l iossoofin o chaidai mmapteigi nn,ao rnss oltaanstsoo lvendo
laf unzidoenlreli af letseseoitroi,nmc eaa f acepnrdoop qruieol c om­
«
pitinoc ess»a dniit neid cazdieolnvleia pt easr u peerl aacr rsiic,h Heu s­
selr tessisinoz icòo ln as uoap eproas tau,lm ac uip rosecuèza ifofnie­
dataat utipt ein sa,nt oonr ileuscscoil ocrhooe g gsiis entiomnpoe gna­
tsiu flr ondteelf lliao sofia.
Ora,p roparliloa riffilleosssaoipfoeinrvcetea ar lsi'om pegpnroa ­
ticloac, r idseils lcei esnimz aen eisftnao nc ertamceonmtceer idseil lo
svliuppiom manednetlieo o r metiom,da c omuen ac ridseill o or si­
«
gnifipcealrtav o i ta u».mI andn eaif nitciovmcaer idsei'la llpcipazione
diq uestsac iecnhzpear odelu act ecnicizdzemaloz nid,oco noem dee sti­
nod elnloas terpcaoa M.a l undgaisl o ddisfamresrica o sdnteazltilaoan e
diu nat ende,un nizvaersalemf taeanltcieas mteinteet ttaaac,rc ilfal es­
siofniel os,co hfeis ciea spriamppeu no tneltle'ggaitamoe fnitlosofi­
«
co» ,c ontrapaplaolts'tteog gi«a emxretanl-tofosi oof niactou r»a,lp ee r
ilqu ale lov'vaivtleàed iu nat altee nde,v naza allrai cedrecpiar esup­
poscthie« s torica» mheanntnpeor odoltact ro,i m seitteinndo op era
quelrliamo ermazisootrnietc aan,pt iouù t ilec iavlielluoatrpe àa q,u an­
toq ueslteca o nsednirt ieis eraa lllraed icic irdsseicl,ol par e,na dto­ne
tarverusnoas ordtiaa namnaepsipicl aatlals at ordie'alu lamnit,ià l
punot op iu nnteiqi u ahlaia vuitnoi izplir oo c.e sso
E iqnu esstoot tomaeltlta'egriienan dnea mnelsasi tcoadr ei'laul ma­
nitlàar, il fessfieonnoenm oelogniocnra ip samrian emmelnaop iscolo­
gi,ac heq uanptiohù a p retdeisd oi veen « piisrcolsogeinaz 'a»,n ima
psoitcceni,ct aaon ptiùd,if aot,ht af inciotfloa cillio'ctcalaurtmee nto
ec oln' eersdesio stacroelaaolll eas copaed rletlrea ddieclicl rsaii c,o n­
tirbuenadlol« dami entic»a dnez«l am onddoe lla» vea iltt irao on f
delol'bietmto,i vciuhsner uolcoo sdìe rtmeianntsev oelrgannneol la
determindaezlsilioatn uea aztitoundaeel lceli av ielutreàoa pp,e rvenuta
alcloan vinnezd ieolplosas ibpirlaittdiàiac faf traoern rei soltvuetrtei
ip robldeemlil au mvainctaoa in m ezzi tseoclnnttiaoc.i
Dif ronaqt uee sctoan vinczhineoo nnèe o rmasie mplictecem­ente
nciae cchoei onlvgteu tict aipm if,a cednedolc lraid seils lcei eee nuz­
ropueneac i rsria didciat luetl tu'am aint,và iecnheai matdoie rttamente
in caiflui solafo eosi np artieci oflle anroomleon,ga olq uasliec hiede
una« d igano»s die l prneosnfe innatse ee s te(sisnantt toee ocro,i)m a
inteas pao rlreec ondizdiiuo nnr ia diccaamlbem ieantdoip enise,r o
unraa ditcraaolrsemf azipoenresl oecn,ha, e codmiecH eu ss,e rpleusò­
seerp aragoandua ntaa convreeirlgsiio(osineanent t op raot)iD.ci q ui
li'mperacttaievgoo rcihsceo ie sprciomnlei ' vnithou sserdlii aann-o
«
9
daer allceo sseet ss»e,c ompitdoel lar iflesfsiiloons,eo fcidhcaeal la
«v icin»aa nlzlae coseq ualecaldq ieurziisodtnu'aer teos senzialmente
dic ritdiepclra o ptreimoop, c hriaamenitned ividiunHa ubsis,lec erh le
dàa lf ilfoasrioecl o mpipteoar,l o tn rons conot,da iut npar edsipa o si­
zieo cnritdielclapa r operpicoaa a,tt ravelar'doszoi odnelel as cepsi
«
radail»ce,c hse ip uòc oigelrceo mmeo menqtuoa lifdiec'laelnptoec hé
ed elrliad uzfieonnoem eno.l ogiche
E lfai lioasp,oo fnenidnou snida i erziodnu'er ,t ocdrii tdiepclora ­
pritoe m,ps oir iveilnga r addoic oigelrlee'p ocpar esecnotsceìo me
effettièv,eac mieocnèot meue n' epodceatm eirnadtaals lcei eend zael ­
lal oreom ancipadzailfolinale fo ispaoe,vr i dae lplrae tdeeslapl rei me
dip otienrgd aarseut tut,to emzaztnaidoi l« mond»o,c ome cchieèò
sottaenscohd ea' laltteggniaatmuerniatnqlo ue a,n utnoi ctomàp ledtia
rifenrt,iqi mueel mcohnaedp op a,ra invocarpae lra s ciepnerz-am oder­
nat,e msap ecisfeni ocneo s clou dseiflvoi slof.a re
Mac è'm ondeo« mond»o.I lmo ndpoe lra s ciemnozdae rpnear ­
dei cla rtaetrdei« o rizz»o nsetil e i maidt as eesruen a«t oatlidticà o ­
se» ,c onl ac onseg«ud einmteienc tandzemalo nddoe lvliat ac i»od,èi
quemlo ndcoh ceo nseirlv acs aurota etrdeio rizzeoi nnft oer dzeal la
sunao nt ematniactiautlr«àei mpreaga nnocrlaa s ciepnrz-eam oderna
colna c oscideen'lzolar iz»z.Mo anl ta«ed imentidceamlno znadd oe l­
lav it»a,n onr iguasrodliaofl i sloofoou nfai losaolrfliiaca e rucnao di
spazeid oiu nc ontesnpuetccoii fn,ie 'lelpodcealp liaiù cn ondizionata
resaal slcai ebnezìnat s,u tltu'am atnàic,h iamaap trae enrdceo scienza
deslu o sptaattool eod gelilcpaoe rddiist iag inciauftmoa ndoio gneis ­pe
rienvzias ssuetnaiz lna e os sdrii manddioo ir zzioc,no tmaec cade col
diasctcdoel lseni goslcei eed nazlflial io.as of
Ancournaav otlaèr iicehslot'pae dreafl i slooof dee lflial ospoefri a
metet enrau dloa g radupaedlriet daiu man,ii tniàdcactoam ceo sto
ienviitladebe lulgree ndzeepi r ogresscsioei nc,to ciehf peor ducdeif at­
tol ap eridtdae llliab elrast càio,sn sseie mpprieiù r raerpaibltert ae oria
e aziolnaet ,o tadlereoe nssbpaizlaizzidoenlerl iac e.Dr c'aalrtap arte
irli coarlsflolia o sonfoinsa o lcoo nsednist ceo plreicr oen useegnedz el­
laci rsmia,a ncdhiea vvieal rep riesm oluize,iv ointaensdinoti ic hilisti­
cic,e rfteroq ueanntcihi enf l iosao,f ismuap eirlmaieb ttean fdrou tto
tutltapa r egnaflniozsao -ftirecanosdcendteallfleea n omenohluosg­ia
selriacnhafe,a ncdeos uperapreen isecrloolad iemnticdaenmlzo an do
delvliate ac onivolgelnavod loo netl àar espsboainlifat à,ar pripela a
cridseinl o sot trempnoo n cuonm et raog diecst»i,mn aoc omuen o
«
stimcoolmoue,n r ichiaalmlpoeor priree osnpsabdiilt iuett làte s og­
gettiivtsào,el claittaes copriinsr ese t e,sn seelllooar i netnzilointiaàl,
«m ond»o leu' manicotlànt eill loarg oe necsois ti,tun teillvo artoe los
lO
inntsroei,cn edli nammoig esntiecnoel, lloar oo ngmset iocrian,d efi­
nitiislvgi an icfaittoe olodgiti tuctloeee spieeren,cz hleeg anrtasic,ae n­
coruan av oltcao,n tlir'noe vidtear-bseioplnebs aizlziazicohnceeo nse­
guael p erg-iudeivzoilou izsit,oci nhcieon d eifniivtnao n cphureòi op­r
poeru rnlae tatt urrag,d ielclapao rofndcar i.i dsneols ott erm,pi onq uan­
tol indeita e ndeirnrezfnaar beiqluea nitrroer vselieb.i
2.F aref eneonmolosgiiigafni ,q cuian,da indea arlle drealdliac i
«c ri»,sn io nsa tlnat op ecrgo lnieel rema nfietsazieol neci o nseg,u enze
pecro sdìie r teroic,h ecrhieg duaanrloas truat teu srvllioup pod elle
scnize,em a preirl evlae«rc noen craeztii»oz nnzeiml o ndsot coore is o­
ciaplecerh,èé q ucih deo vraensnsoie rned ivtield eu uaszoiilom,na gari
coigelngdionà el n egtaivdoel l«ac rii» silp otsiivdoe slu os urpae­
men.t o
E quliaf emneonooglitar ascelnesd ice onfntratoanc on clrais ost­i
ricaid setlimlceati asf,ic chaneo nc onsteennpdioù p ednies u anr« m on­
do» comuen « e sseersens zeail»e e q uinicdnoin coisbsielpmele imcen­
tep elra l iimttaezuzmaa npao,n dei f rtoena du n« m ond» oc ome
«p uor aec cidednitvaelneie rq eu iini dncocniobsiinlq eua not pri­
»,
vod iv er,ii tnqà uaon ntonè ,c onl ac onsnezgaiu nevetialbeie,s altata
daN itezs,cd hire eneds eurperafnlcuihol«e s ogtgt»eo.
Mal ai neszsieanldiemtloà n od,c hseie t senadnec ahles ogtgt,efo a
espleou dneadr el«lc eo ntczirzeiaozn» die llcars ,iic hceo inovnooil lg
mondsot oor iseco acli:ei lni clhmiios,co nl as ufao rnzeag iavtead i­
strutdtiti uvtlatea e n thierc azioznaazliciooztnsritu epi efrr toengaegr i
l' aoncsgi,a cdhsieec nddea lclaada ud tellec ert,ed zeqziue aid rrdieif­
riemn,tp orimteaoc riei m etaf,ei dso ircaain ch«pe r at»,ic chiec o n­
senvtaindoi« r irdruleac otnienngaz» .
Iln ihciilsom,u nav otlas fondialet tott moe tsaifciiam,p orrà un
«c opmiteiotc »o,c hsei r ievliam meadtiamteenn elslua·aa f lleintmare
conseinsz,tna onp otepnidfùoo ndlaars ea lvaen zezlvleiart gài,a cché
nulèlp ai vùe or,m as olneo il «'i nteenltlfaeiri genntdim»e,nn teoli l­na
gegniàotd selmleano zgna.S it rastotldaoi s dodfiaser i«ld esiddeir io
unm ondpoe rman»e,a nttatevr erusno«a r aziiozznaazlidoitn iep eot i­
co» ,c hien d eifnitsiiev sap rniemlleat ecndiecnlaa c soned ielfrla s,o
inu ntae ncicdale lfala s,ic tiàonèel la«p ra»s.sM ais iccèoi mmep ossi­
bilien gnaasnris,a pednidin og ansn,ila e'rticcoam «er azizoznaazliione
tecand iimc ascrhaemteodn elf al»s soir ivterlaag inctaiecmn aepadcie
«r ideu lracr onntgien» zea,q uin,dd iia lleev lai'nagrcoi,sac ondan­
nandolu 'maniatl'àla incnhiel reunotdlios peattctreid iu na«c ri»,s i
chseip uòc onset asteu aberi,mr am asiu prrae.e
Dic onseengz,ua flial foissaom eet tdsiv oelrge sulfaau nziroan-e
11
ziaolznizraitced ei « donazdiios neen» s, ion q uanutnova o lptrai va­
toi lm onddoic osnitsenrzeala ee d estttrauutriols g ogtetdoat ordei
sen,ns oorne sctheal a 'utoincghasenip n uoeò,v irtesa otlanitmoep den­
doa llfai losdoicf oisaite rr lues urea ozniiazzlaziionngia tnrnidaceil ­
l' esis.Lt 'euinlmzaotat otd e«l n ichi»l,ni esqlmu oa llace r isin od­ella
streap oscai measntiianf eqoucbiaivelnm,ts eic osnumtao gliaelnldao
ragiloans aeu f unzidoi«n ceo nfesreinr»s eao l m ond,co hér iamne
faolc somunquees sefnadlols ara a gisotneecs hesd ao evbrbceo enrf­ir
glsie n,s oqiuann tèou n« meore vetnoi netreptriavt»o.
Lan egazdieovlnao erl et leeolodgelilarc aog eiu omnnaac,he a vreb­
bec oennsotd iict ogleil eavr erdielt'lào gtgtceoo mueni tiàd eadlise e n­
so,e d ic arei lcaar ragidoin ep uonis ticvoopm itdoap ersieerm geu­
diaenu tn' incomspeirduiitse ai t necsoin coiset,ii vnu np reoscscoo no­
sciteid vieo s perei hecetn eznadl'eii nof risinciotprieslno dgotg tecoo ­
me« Mitlegidd esro azlieWne l»t,n onl imistuao eifie f tatlilc ao n­
ceritzzazniioclnhieisa t,mi ac rendpeoi sbsiel qeu,i npdlia usiinb ile
quansteon rzaeal aitl ertni,avl eas trruatztiucopaniet iacldaie salt cli­
vilotcàce indt,ac lheaeff odnal es urea dniecpliu ndtiov itsao gegtt­ivi
sitceod elrlaag isotnreu tmaelne.
Ora,i lp uon dtiv isotgeagt vtiisot eiscprliams eu faro znae gativa
neltloat dailmeei nctandzeals loaeg tgttiàmv,ei nrtel ar iduzdieolnlea
ragiuomnaen aa r agisotnreu meinmtepadlcieesd ir iisera clotniuna­
mentael lLeab ensewltp,e rri otvrairlem omenotroi giiodn ea'lreplse ­
rienszoegatg t,ir svicaeorptcaom ees perdiieu nnzpaa l ulriadtisà o gget­
t,id e'litlneruamn aitcàh,ie n isemceot srsucileap orprsitao eri iplaor ­
primoo ndcoo m«e m ondaoc cuonma»t:o i lmo ndos ird iucae s fae r
econiocmea,d i o ncsegu,ae nnczlhaue'o mov iernied oatm teor, ca eile­
natqou inndesilu o ratprpeaosr tteoer i nneotr n.t:o quelclhMeo a xr
chimaa« mercifi»c.a zione
Frantuimlra atpop otrrteaos teer innot e,dr inosorttiolr apporto
coni l« m onddoel lvai »t,ac is if nodas ud iu nai netrparzeitodneel
mondboa sastuca o struczoineoctntiuf aomlrail meincntoetno rverti­
bili lrnooee lslaaft otmraul azniemo,a fdait ctoonu gernctoign liine t­
rsespia rtiocd oilg arruipd pio lceeha lib o.rL ai'netrespsateri ceo lea r
dig rupcphore e nldeeig tota incmhleo s fruttdaemlenlnatatua or dee l­
l' uomsou' lalolu tormoi,nn omdee plr otftivoa,n ilf' iiecnroatsg egtttiàv i
chvei nees sotiatd ualiladt iviiosnienc laesd slair apporctoofn littuale
comlo ndoec ognl uiom in. i
Da'latp rar,st oepepsrslaac onnescsoino rnelelaaà tt olt,ea pialr ti­
coleap reridsleou r uodli«o p arctorilea», p erldaes usap eci« fi­inca
tennzaiàlo ietd iivenees sseots stooa tlistipàau erf aslaC.o slìu' omo
»,
è esssot esrsiod oatdto ogg e,ts toottraaltlstauo ca o isecan,zp rivato