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Hurst's the Heart Manual of Cardiology, Thirteenth Edition PDF

913 Pages·2012·29.276 MB·English
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Preview Hurst's the Heart Manual of Cardiology, Thirteenth Edition

Hurst’s The Heart Manual of Cardiology Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experi- ence broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The editors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the editors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work war- rants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Hurst’s The Heart Manual of Cardiology Thirteenth Edition EDITORS Richard A. Walsh, MD, FACC, FAHA John H. Hord Professor Chair, Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Physician-in-Chief University Hospitals Health System Cleveland, Ohio James C. Fang, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Case Western Reserve University Irving B. and Virginia Spitz Master Clinician Chair in Cardiology University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, MACC, FAHA Physician-in-Chief, The Mount Sinai Medical Center Director, Mount Sinai Heart Center Professor of Cardiology The Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, New York New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-177316-4 MHID: 0-07-177316-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-177315-7, MHID: 0-07-177315-0. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected]. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. CONTENTS Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix 1. History, Physical Examination, and Cardiac Auscultation . . . . . . . . . . .1 Robert A. Harrington, Mark E. Silverman,† and Charles F. Wooley† 2. Th e Resting Electrocardiogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Antoni Bayés de Luna, Diego Goldwasser, Miquel Fiol, and Antoni Bayés-Genis 3. Cardiac Roentgenography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Robert A. O’Rourke† and Robert C. Gilkeson 4. Noninvasive Testing for Myocardial Ischemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Michael J. Lipinski, Victor F. Froelicher, Daniel S. Berman, Sean W. Hayes, Rory Hachamovitch, Leslee J. Shaw, and Guido Germano 5. Noninvasive Testing for Cardiac Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Anthony N. DeMaria, Daniel G. Blanchard, Daniel S. Berman, Sean W. Hayes, Rory Hachamovitch, Leslee J. Shaw, and Guido Germano 6. Cardiac CT and MRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Melissa A. Daubert, Michael Poon, Matthew J. Budoff , Han W. Kim, Afshin Farzaneh-Far, Igor Klem, Wolfgang Rehwald, and Raymond J. Kim 7. Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Morton J. Kern and Spencer B. King III 8. Approach to the Patient With Cardiac Arrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel 9. Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, and Supraventricular Tachycardia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel 10. Ventricular Arrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Robert W. Rho and Richard L. Page †Deceased. v vi Contents 11. Bradyarrhythmias and Pacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman and Kenneth A. Ellenbogen 12. Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel 13. Techniques of Electrophysiologic Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151 Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel 14. Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias With Ablation Th erapy . . . . . . . .160 Usha B. Tedrow, Samuel J. Asirvatham, and William G. Stevenson 15. Indications and Techniques of Electrical Defi brillation and Cardioversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Richard E. Kerber 16. Diagnosis and Management of Syncope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 Mark D. Carlson and Blair P. Grubb 17. Sudden Cardiac Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 Matthew R. Reynolds, Amit J. Th osani, Duane S. Pinto, and Mark E. Josephson 18. CPR and Post-resuscitation Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Jooby John and Gordon A. Ewy 19. Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 William T. Abraham and Ayesha Hasan 20. Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiac Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 Michael J. Blaha, Kerunne S. Ketlogetswe, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Ty J. Gluckman, and Roger S. Blumenthal 21. Management of Patients With Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease . . . .236 Richard A. Walsh and Robert A. O’Rourke† 22. Defi nitions and Pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndromes . . . . . . .249 Michael C. Kim, Annapoorna S. Kini, and Valentin Fuster 23. Diagnosis and Management of Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 Emily E. Hass, Eric H. Yang, Bernard J. Gersh, and Robert A. O’Rourke† 24. Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Unstable Angina and Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . .270 James A. de Lemos, Robert A. O’Rourke,† and Robert A. Harrington †Deceased. Contents vii 25. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290 John S. Douglas, Jr and Spencer B. King III 26. Mechanical Interventions in Acute Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . .305 William W. O’Neill and Pedro Martinez-Clark 27. Systemic Hypertension: Pathogenesis and Etiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316 Gbenga Ogedegbe and Th omas G. Pickering† 28. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329 G. Brandon Atkins, Mahboob Rahman, and Jackson T. Wright, Jr 29. Pulmonary Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346 Robyn J. Barst and Lewis J. Rubin 30. Pulmonary Embolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355 Peter F. Fedullo 31. Aortic Valve Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367 Rosario V. Freeman and Catherine M. Otto 32. Mitral Valve Stenosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380 Blasé A. Carabello 33. Mitral Regurgitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389 David H. Adams, Blasé A. Carabello, and Javier G. Castillo 34. Tricuspid Valve and Pulmonic Valve Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400 Pravin M. Shah 35. Prosthetic Heart Valves: Choice of Valve and Management of the Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409 Joanna Chikwe, Farzan Filsoufi , and Alain Carpentier 36. Antithrombotic Th erapy for Valvular Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417 Usman Baber and Valentin Fuster 37. Infective Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424 Saptarsi M. Haldar and Patrick T. O’Gara 38. Dilated Cardiomyopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .450 Luisa Mestroni, Edward M. Gilbert, Brian D. Lowes, and Michael R. Bristow 39. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458 Steve R. Ommen, Rick A. Nishimura, and A. Jamil Tajik †Deceased. viii Contents 40. Restrictive, Obliterative, and Infi ltrative Cardiomyopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466 Brian D. Hoit 41. Myocarditis and Specifi c Cardiomyopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473 Sean P. Pinney and Donna M. Mancini 42. Th e Heart and Noncardiac Drugs, Electricity, Poisons, and Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482 Andrew L. Smith and Wendy M. Book 43. Diseases of the Pericardium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490 Brian D. Hoit 44. Cardiovascular Diseases Caused by Genetic Abnormalities . . . . . . . .498 Ali J. Marian, Ramon Brugada, and Robert Roberts 45. Congenital Heart Disease in Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513 Jamil A. Aboulhosn and John S. Child 46. Perioperative Evaluation of Patients With Known or Suspected Cardiovascular Disease Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524 Debabrata Mukherjee and Kim A. Eagle 47. Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Diet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532 Ian Del Conde Pozzi, Scott M. Grundy, and Sidney C. Smith Jr. 48. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .551 Sameer Bansilal, Michael E. Farkouh, Elliot J. Rayfi eld, and Valentin Fuster 49. Rheumatologic Diseases and the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584 Mala S. Kaul, Victor F. Tapson, E. William St. Clair, and Prashant Vaishnava 50. Women and Coronary Artery Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605 Judith Z. Goldfi nger, Pamela Charney, and Marc A. Miller 51. Heart Disease and Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626 Jennifer Conroy, John H. McAnulty, Craig S. Broberg, and James Metcalfe 52. Aortic Valve Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .646 Sammy Elmariah, Rosario V. Freeman, Marc A. Miller, and Catherine M. Otto Contents ix 53. Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurologic Manifestations of Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672 Torsten Vahl, Megan C. Leary, and Louis R. Caplan 54. Th e Nonsurgical Approach to Carotid Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .695 Jason Chinitz, Amar Krishnaswamy, Jay Yadav, and Samir R. Kapadia 55. Diagnosis and Management of Diseases of the Peripheral Arteries and Veins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718 Usman Baber, Paul W. Wennberg, and Th om W. Rooke 56. Surgical Treatment of Carotid and Peripheral Vascular Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .729 Joseph M. Sweeny, Jayer Chung, and Th omas F. Dodson 57. Th erapeutic Decision Making Based Upon Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .738 Sameer Bansilal, Ira S. Nash, Michael E. Farkouh, and Valentin Fuster 58. Adverse Cardiovascular Drug Interactions and Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .750 Alan D. Enriquez, Ileana L. Piña, Gerard Oghlakian, and Marc A. Miller 59. Aging and Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .795 Wilson Young, Edward G. Lakatta, Samer S. Najjar, Steven P. Schulman, and Gary Gerstenblith 60. Complementary and Alternative Medical Th erapy in Cardiovascular Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .837 Rajesh Vedanthan, Mitchell W. Krucoff , Rebecca B. Costello, Daniel B. Mark, and John H. K. Vogel Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .853

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