Table Of Content

Hurst’s The Heart Manual of Cardiology Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experi- ence broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The editors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the editors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work war- rants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. 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Fang, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Case Western Reserve University Irving B. and Virginia Spitz Master Clinician Chair in Cardiology University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, MACC, FAHA Physician-in-Chief, The Mount Sinai Medical Center Director, Mount Sinai Heart Center Professor of Cardiology The Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, New York New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 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CONTENTS Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix 1. History, Physical Examination, and Cardiac Auscultation . . . . . . . . . . .1 Robert A. Harrington, Mark E. Silverman,† and Charles F. Wooley† 2. Th e Resting Electrocardiogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Antoni Bayés de Luna, Diego Goldwasser, Miquel Fiol, and Antoni Bayés-Genis 3. Cardiac Roentgenography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Robert A. O’Rourke† and Robert C. Gilkeson 4. Noninvasive Testing for Myocardial Ischemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Michael J. Lipinski, Victor F. Froelicher, Daniel S. Berman, Sean W. Hayes, Rory Hachamovitch, Leslee J. Shaw, and Guido Germano 5. Noninvasive Testing for Cardiac Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Anthony N. DeMaria, Daniel G. Blanchard, Daniel S. Berman, Sean W. Hayes, Rory Hachamovitch, Leslee J. Shaw, and Guido Germano 6. Cardiac CT and MRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Melissa A. Daubert, Michael Poon, Matthew J. Budoff , Han W. Kim, Afshin Farzaneh-Far, Igor Klem, Wolfgang Rehwald, and Raymond J. Kim 7. Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Morton J. Kern and Spencer B. King III 8. Approach to the Patient With Cardiac Arrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel 9. Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, and Supraventricular Tachycardia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel 10. Ventricular Arrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Robert W. Rho and Richard L. Page †Deceased. v vi Contents 11. Bradyarrhythmias and Pacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman and Kenneth A. Ellenbogen 12. Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel 13. Techniques of Electrophysiologic Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151 Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel 14. Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias With Ablation Th erapy . . . . . . . .160 Usha B. Tedrow, Samuel J. Asirvatham, and William G. Stevenson 15. Indications and Techniques of Electrical Defi brillation and Cardioversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Richard E. Kerber 16. Diagnosis and Management of Syncope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 Mark D. Carlson and Blair P. Grubb 17. Sudden Cardiac Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 Matthew R. Reynolds, Amit J. Th osani, Duane S. Pinto, and Mark E. Josephson 18. CPR and Post-resuscitation Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Jooby John and Gordon A. Ewy 19. Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 William T. Abraham and Ayesha Hasan 20. Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiac Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 Michael J. Blaha, Kerunne S. Ketlogetswe, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Ty J. Gluckman, and Roger S. Blumenthal 21. Management of Patients With Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease . . . .236 Richard A. Walsh and Robert A. O’Rourke† 22. Defi nitions and Pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndromes . . . . . . .249 Michael C. Kim, Annapoorna S. Kini, and Valentin Fuster 23. Diagnosis and Management of Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 Emily E. Hass, Eric H. Yang, Bernard J. Gersh, and Robert A. O’Rourke† 24. Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Unstable Angina and Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . .270 James A. de Lemos, Robert A. O’Rourke,† and Robert A. Harrington †Deceased. Contents vii 25. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290 John S. Douglas, Jr and Spencer B. King III 26. Mechanical Interventions in Acute Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . .305 William W. O’Neill and Pedro Martinez-Clark 27. Systemic Hypertension: Pathogenesis and Etiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316 Gbenga Ogedegbe and Th omas G. Pickering† 28. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329 G. Brandon Atkins, Mahboob Rahman, and Jackson T. Wright, Jr 29. Pulmonary Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346 Robyn J. Barst and Lewis J. Rubin 30. Pulmonary Embolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355 Peter F. Fedullo 31. Aortic Valve Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367 Rosario V. Freeman and Catherine M. Otto 32. Mitral Valve Stenosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380 Blasé A. Carabello 33. Mitral Regurgitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389 David H. Adams, Blasé A. Carabello, and Javier G. Castillo 34. Tricuspid Valve and Pulmonic Valve Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400 Pravin M. Shah 35. Prosthetic Heart Valves: Choice of Valve and Management of the Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409 Joanna Chikwe, Farzan Filsoufi , and Alain Carpentier 36. Antithrombotic Th erapy for Valvular Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417 Usman Baber and Valentin Fuster 37. Infective Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424 Saptarsi M. Haldar and Patrick T. O’Gara 38. Dilated Cardiomyopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .450 Luisa Mestroni, Edward M. Gilbert, Brian D. Lowes, and Michael R. Bristow 39. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458 Steve R. Ommen, Rick A. Nishimura, and A. Jamil Tajik †Deceased. viii Contents 40. Restrictive, Obliterative, and Infi ltrative Cardiomyopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466 Brian D. Hoit 41. Myocarditis and Specifi c Cardiomyopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473 Sean P. Pinney and Donna M. Mancini 42. Th e Heart and Noncardiac Drugs, Electricity, Poisons, and Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482 Andrew L. Smith and Wendy M. Book 43. Diseases of the Pericardium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490 Brian D. Hoit 44. Cardiovascular Diseases Caused by Genetic Abnormalities . . . . . . . .498 Ali J. Marian, Ramon Brugada, and Robert Roberts 45. Congenital Heart Disease in Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513 Jamil A. Aboulhosn and John S. Child 46. Perioperative Evaluation of Patients With Known or Suspected Cardiovascular Disease Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524 Debabrata Mukherjee and Kim A. Eagle 47. Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Diet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532 Ian Del Conde Pozzi, Scott M. Grundy, and Sidney C. Smith Jr. 48. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .551 Sameer Bansilal, Michael E. Farkouh, Elliot J. Rayfi eld, and Valentin Fuster 49. Rheumatologic Diseases and the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584 Mala S. Kaul, Victor F. Tapson, E. William St. Clair, and Prashant Vaishnava 50. Women and Coronary Artery Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605 Judith Z. Goldfi nger, Pamela Charney, and Marc A. Miller 51. Heart Disease and Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626 Jennifer Conroy, John H. McAnulty, Craig S. Broberg, and James Metcalfe 52. Aortic Valve Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .646 Sammy Elmariah, Rosario V. Freeman, Marc A. Miller, and Catherine M. Otto Contents ix 53. Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurologic Manifestations of Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672 Torsten Vahl, Megan C. Leary, and Louis R. Caplan 54. Th e Nonsurgical Approach to Carotid Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .695 Jason Chinitz, Amar Krishnaswamy, Jay Yadav, and Samir R. Kapadia 55. Diagnosis and Management of Diseases of the Peripheral Arteries and Veins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718 Usman Baber, Paul W. Wennberg, and Th om W. Rooke 56. Surgical Treatment of Carotid and Peripheral Vascular Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .729 Joseph M. Sweeny, Jayer Chung, and Th omas F. Dodson 57. Th erapeutic Decision Making Based Upon Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .738 Sameer Bansilal, Ira S. Nash, Michael E. Farkouh, and Valentin Fuster 58. Adverse Cardiovascular Drug Interactions and Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .750 Alan D. Enriquez, Ileana L. Piña, Gerard Oghlakian, and Marc A. Miller 59. Aging and Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .795 Wilson Young, Edward G. Lakatta, Samer S. Najjar, Steven P. Schulman, and Gary Gerstenblith 60. Complementary and Alternative Medical Th erapy in Cardiovascular Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .837 Rajesh Vedanthan, Mitchell W. Krucoff , Rebecca B. Costello, Daniel B. Mark, and John H. K. Vogel Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .853